混交林驯化的AMF通过抑制侧柏生长增强刺槐的竞争优势

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250158

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 分析外来植物刺槐和本地植物侧柏共同驯化的丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）对驯化植物自身光合特性、根系结构、根系侵染力和生长状况的反馈影响及其之间的相互关系，探究AMF在外来植物入侵与扩散过程中的潜在作用及相关作用机制。方法: 于陕西省长武县王东沟流域刺槐和侧柏混交林及其邻近荒草地中采集根际土壤作为AMF菌剂，通过设计盆栽接种试验，分析不同菌剂处理下刺槐和侧柏幼苗的光合特性、根系结构、菌根侵染率、植株生长状况及其相互关系。结果: 1）与不接菌处理相比，接种AMF可显著增加刺槐的根长及侧柏的生物量、净光合速率、根长、根表面积和根体积，降低刺槐叶片的净光合速率及侧柏叶片的胞间CO₂浓度；2）与草地AMF相比，接种混交林AMF可显著降低刺槐叶片的净光合速率及侧柏的生物量、根长、根表面积和根体积；3）接种混交林AMF的刺槐和侧柏根系的菌根侵染率和土壤菌丝密度显著低于草地AMF；4）侧柏对草地AMF的依赖性显著高于混交林AMF，刺槐对草地和混交林AMF均依赖性较低且无显著差异；5）菌根化侧柏植株生物量与侧柏根长、根表面积、根体积、根直径、根系丛枝侵染率和土壤菌丝密度呈正相关关系，其中根长、丛枝侵染率和菌丝密度对侧柏生物量变异的解释率较高。结论: 经刺槐和侧柏共同驯化后的AMF能够降低侧柏根外菌丝密度和根内共生结构数量，这一改变加之菌根共生对根系结构的协同影响可显著降低盆栽条件下侧柏生物量的累积，削弱侧柏在与刺槐竞争中的优势地位，增强刺槐的竞争能力，助力刺槐的入侵与扩散。

关键词: 刺槐, 侧柏, 丛枝菌根真菌, 入侵机制

Abstract:

Objective: In order to elucidate the potential mechanism through which arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) facilitated the invasion and spread of exotic plants, the feedback effect of AMF domesticated by both the exotic plant Robinia pseudoacacia and the native plant Platycladus orientalis on photosynthetic properties, root architecture, mycorrhizal characteristics and growth of the host plants and the interrelationships among these variables were investigated. Method: Rhizosphere soil collected from the mixed forest of R. pseudoacacia and P. orientalis and adjacent grassland in Wangdonggou watershed, Changwu county, Shaanxi Province, was served as AMF inoculum. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of the different inoculum on leaf gas exchange parameters, root architecture, mycorrhizal characteristics and seedling growth of both species. Result: 1) Compared to non-AMF treatment, AMF inoculation significantly increased the root length of R. pseudoacacia and the biomass, net photosynthetic rate, root length, root surface area, and root volume of P. orientalis. Conversely, it decreased the net photosynthetic rate of R. pseudoacacia and the intercellular CO₂ concentration of P. orientalis. 2) Compared to grassland AMF treatment, mixed forest AMF significantly reduced the net photosynthetic rate of R. pseudoacacia and the biomass, root length, root surface area and root volume of P. orientalis. 3) The mycorrhizal colonization and soil hyphal density of both species inoculated with mixed forest AMF were significantly lower than those in grassland AMF treatment. 4) P. orientalis exhibited significantly higher dependency on grassland AMF than on mixed forest AMF, whereas R. pseudoacacia showed low dependency on AMF, with no significant difference between grassland AMF and mixed forest AMF treatments. 5) The biomass of AMF-inoculated P. orientalis was positively correlated with its root length, root surface area, root volume, root diameter, arbuscular colonization rate and soil hyphal density. Among these, root length, arbuscular colonization rate, and hyphal density had the highest explanatory power for the variation in biomass. Conclusion: Inoculated with mixed forest AMF significantly decreased root colonization rate and soil hyphal density of P. orientalis. This alteration, combined with the synergistic effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis on the root architecture, significantly suppressed its growth under pot conditions, weakened its competitive advantage and enhanced the competitive ability of R. pseudoacacia, thereby facilitating the invasion and spread of R. pseudoacacia.

Key words: Robinaia pseudoacacia, Platycladus orientalis, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), invasion mechanism

中图分类号:

S719
Q948

李鑫,刘红霞,陈生娟,盛敏. 混交林驯化的AMF通过抑制侧柏生长增强刺槐的竞争优势[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(10): 87-95.

Xin Li,Hongxia Liu,Shengjuan Chen,Min Sheng. Mixed Forest-Domesticated AMF Conferred a Competitive Advantage on Robinia pseudoacacia by Suppressing the Growth of Platycladus orientalis[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(10): 87-95.

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宿主植物 Host plant	AMF 处理 AMF treatments	总侵染率 Total colonization rate (%)	丛枝侵染率 Arbuscular colonization rate (%)	菌丝密度 Hyphal density/(m·g^?1)
刺槐	草地AMF Grassland AMF	44.44 ± 4.70a	1.11 ± 0.56	11.83 ± 1.74a
Robinia pseudoacacia	混交林AMF Mixed forest AMF	26.14 ± 4.02b	0.90 ± 0.31	4.62 ± 0.61b

侧柏	草地AMF Grassland AMF	54.30 ± 6.30a	23.31 ± 2.45a	7.63 ± 1.67a
Platycladus orientalis	混交林AMF Mixed forest AMF	28.09 ± 5.99b	7.21 ± 2.97b	2.56 ± 0.21b

宿主植物 Host plants	处理 Treatments	菌根依赖性 Mycorrhizal dependency
刺槐	草地AMF Grassland AMF	?0.10 ± 0.21c
Robinia pseudoacacia	混交林AMF Mixed forest AMF	0.05 ± 0.22c

侧柏	草地AMF Grassland AMF	10.81 ± 2.10a
Platycladus orientalis	混交林AMF Mixed forest AMF	6.49 ± 1.60b

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