沙棘林密度和丛枝菌根真菌接种对林下植物和土壤性状的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220146

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 在我国干旱半干旱地区采煤沉陷区的生态修复区，分析不同沙棘种植密度和接种丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）及其交互作用对林下植物和土壤性状的影响，探究最佳人工生态修复方式。方法: 本研究以陕西省神木市大柳塔镇微生物复垦区种植的不同密度沙棘林（L：835 tree ? hm^?2; M：1 111 tree ? hm^?2; H：1 667 tree ? hm^?2）为研究对象，布设接菌区和对照区处理，以无人工干预的自然恢复区为完全对照，总样地大小为8 400 m²。人工林于2012年4月种植，2012年7月以穴施的方式在接菌区接种AMF。2020年10月，对人工林和林下植物进行调查，并采集表层土壤（0～20 cm）测定土壤性状，每个处理设置3个重复。选取林下植物指标、土壤指标进行主成分分析，筛选出特征值大于1的5个主成分，通过因子载荷矩阵确定权重，计算各处理综合得分。结果: 1）增大种植密度和接种AMF显著提高了沙棘林盖度和现有密度。2）增大种植密度显著提高了林下植物的Pielou均匀度指数，降低了Simpson优势度指数，接种AMF显著提高了林下植物的Pielou均匀度指数，降低了Simpson优势度指数；种植密度显著影响林下植物群落组成、生物量和盖度，中等种植密度下林下植物生物量最大。接种AMF显著影响林下植被群落组成并提高了生物量。3）种植密度和接种AMF显著影响AMF生物量、土壤性状，在中等种植密度下AMF的生物量、微生物生物量、土壤理化性质处于较高水平。4）人工林种植密度和接种AMF对林下植被群落和土壤的理化性质具有显著的交互作用。相较于对照区，在接菌区人工林种植密度对林下植被与土壤性状的影响较小。5）综合得分结果表明，中等种植密度且接种AMF的处理得分最高，自然恢复区的综合得分最低，所以，中等密度且接种AMF的处理对植物和土壤的修复效果最佳。结论: 中等种植密度的沙棘人工林生态修复效果最佳，接种AMF促进了土壤养分的活化，为沙棘人工林提供了更多的生态位，打破了种植密度过高对林下植被生长和正向演替的限制。

关键词: 沙棘人工林种植密度, 丛枝菌根真菌, 林下植物群落, 土壤性状, 生态修复

Abstract:

Objective: To select an optimal way of the semi-arid coal mining restoration in China, we illustrated the effect of Hippophae rhamnoides planting density, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation and their interaction on the understory vegetation and soil properties. Method: A two-factor experimental design with three planting densities (L: 836 tree ? hm^?2; M: 1 111 tree ? hm^?2; H:1 667 tree ? hm^?2), two inoculation treatments (AMF, CK) and the natural recovery area selected as the control was conducted in Daliuta mine in Shenmu county, Shanxi province, northwest China. The shrubs were planted in April 2012 and the AMF inoculation was conducted in July 2012 in small hole near shurbs. In October 2020, a vegetation survey and mixed sampling in 0-20 cm topsoil were carried out. All plots were totally 8 400 m². The indices of understory vegetation and soil properties were selected for principal component analysis, and five principal components with characteristic values greater than 1 were selected to obtain the weight by the factor load matrix and calculate the comprehensive score. Result: 1) Improving planting density and AMF inoculation both improved the canopy coverage and existing density of Hippophae rhamnoides. 2) The planting density significantly increased the Pielou evenness of understory vegetation and decreased the Simpson dominance of understory vegetation, and the inoculation of AMF significantly increased the Pielou evenness index and decreased the Simpson dominance index of understory vegetation. Planting density significantly influenced the community composition, biomass and coverage of understory vegetation, and the biomass of understory vegetation was the largest at medium planting density. AMF inoculation significantly changed the community composition and biomass of understory vegetation. 3) The planting density and AMF inoculation significantly influenced the biomass of AMF and soil properties. The AMF biomass, microbial biomass and soil physical and chemical properties were at a high level under medium planting density. 4) There was significant interaction in planting density and mycorrhizal inoculation. The influence of planting density on understory vegetation and soil properties was less in inoculation treatments, compared to the control. 5) The comprehensive score results showed that the ecological restoration effect of medium planting density was the best in our study. Conclusion: In this experiment, the ecological restoration effect of medium planting density was the best in our study. Inoculation with AMF provided more ecological niches for planting, and relieved the limitation of high planting density on the growth and positive successions of understory vegetation.

Key words: planting density of Hippophae rhamnoides, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, understory plant community, topsoil properties, ecological restoration

中图分类号:

S719

王晓,毕银丽,王义,田野,李强,杜昕鹏,郭芸. 沙棘林密度和丛枝菌根真菌接种对林下植物和土壤性状的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(10): 138-149.

Xiao Wang,Yinli Bi,Yi Wang,Ye Tian,Qiang Li,Xinpeng Du,Yun Guo. Effects of Planting Density of Hippophae rhamnoides and Inoculation of AMF on Understory Vegetation Growth and Soil Improvement[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(10): 138-149.

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差异来源 Difference source	df	Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index		Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index		Simpson优势度 Simpson dominance index		Margalef丰富度指数 Margalef richness index
差异来源 Difference source	df	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
接菌处理 Inoculum treatment (A)	1	0.626	0.444	8.597	0.013	6.333	0.027	0.196	0.666
密度处理 Density treatment (B)	2	1.232	0.326	15.507	0.000	5.265	0.023	0.909	0.429
A、B互作 Interaction of A、B	2	1.067	0.375	5.776	0.017	2.006	0.177	1.082	1.082

指标 Indexes	对照区Control area			接菌区Inoculated area			自然恢复区 Natural recovery area
指标 Indexes	低密度 Low density	中等密度 Intermediate density	高密度 High density	低密度 Low density	中等密度 Intermediate density	高密度 High density	自然恢复区 Natural recovery area
pH	7.61±0.07Bb	7.81±0.02Ba	7.86±0.09Ba	7.97±0.18Ab	8.04±0.14Aab	8.20±0.06Aa	7.03±0.06*
电导率 Conductivity/(μs ? cm^?1)	43.20±19.24Ab	57.4±3.37Aa	40.0±1.21Ab	53.51±3.06Aa	58.33±0.92Aa	47.86±1.06Ab	24.91±4.80*
土壤含水率 Soil water content (%)	3.21±0.29A	3.29±1.12A	2.99±0.31A	3.82±0.82A	3.59±0.14A	2.07±0.29A	4.16±1.74
黏粒含量 Clay content (%)	0.02±0.02Ab	0.17±0.02Aa	0.17±0.11Aa	0.10±0.01Ab	0.22±0.08Aa	0.17±0.05Aa	0.00±0.00
粉粒含量 Silt content (%)	2.92±0.97Ab	5.41±1.08Aa	6.24±1.76Aa	4.68±0.25Ab	6.29±0.95Aa	5.30±0.49Aa	0.00±0.00*
砂粒含量 Sand content (%)	97.06±0.99Aa	94.46±1.10Ab	93.59±1.87Ab	95.22±0.24A^a	93.4±1.03Ab	94.54±0.51Aab	100.00±0.00*
有机质 Soil organic carbon/(g ? kg^?1)	6.67±0.69Aa	7.89±1.54Aa	8.82±0.31Aa	8.67±0.33Aa	8.26±0.92Aa	8.42±0.34Aa	2.75±0.51*
全氮 Total nitrogen/ (g ? kg^?1)	0.76±0.03Aa	0.86±0.21Aa	0.48±0.05Bb	0.54±0.04Bb	0.72±0.02Aa	0.39±0.06Bc	0.12±0.05*
全磷 Total phosphorus/(g ? kg^?1)	0.28±0.02Bc	0.30±0.02Ab	0.40±0.02Ba	0.39±0.01Ab	0.36±0.01Ab	0.46±0.10Aa	0.33±0.01
无机氮Available nitrogen/ (mg ? kg^?1)	5.20±0.44Ab	7.00±1.77Aab	8.00±1.10Aa	5.11±1.49Aa	8.40±2.17Aa	6.25±0.50Aa	4.29±1.52
有效磷Available phosphorus/ (mg?kg^?1)	4.16±0.16Ba	3.65±0.37Ba	3.97±0.06Ba	5.92±0.53Aa	5.51±0.37Aa	3.05±0.88Ab	8.54±1.73*

处理 Treatment		根系菌根侵染率 Mycorrhizal colonization frequency (%)	根系菌根侵染密度 Mycorrhizal colonization intensity (%)	根系丛枝丰富度 Arbuscule Abundance (%)
对照区Control area	低Low	86±5.13Bb	17.67±1.10Bb	0.01±0.01Bb
	中Intermediate	98±2.89Aa	27.04±1.63Ba	0.00±0.00Bb
	高High	100±0.00Aa	27.18±0.48Ba	0.12±0.03Ba
接菌区Inoculated area	低Low	100±0.00Aa	22.56±0.89Ac	0.32±0.04Ac
	中Intermediate	100±0.00Aa	33.92±1.88Ab	0.63±0.03Ab
	高High	100±0.00Aa	43.97±1.51Aa	4.34±1.14Aa

处理 Treatment		第1 主成分 PC1	第2 主成分 PC2	第3 主成分 PC3	第4 主成分 PC4	第5 主成分 PC5	综合得分 Comprehensive score	排名 Rank
对照区 Control area	低 Low	?1.747	2.204	?0.539	?0.388	?0.969	?0.766	6
	中等 Intermediate	2.490	1.731	0.152	?0.713	?0.094	1.708	2
	高 High	0.280	?2.064	?0.967	?0.569	0.906	?0.292	5
接菌区 Inoculated area	低 Low	0.966	?1.687	1.634	0.871	?0.847	0.440	4
	中等 Intermediate	3.230	1.114	0.789	0.732	1.206	2.284	1
	高 High	2.095	?1.112	?1.461	0.183	?0.672	0.838	3
自然恢复区 Natural recovery area		?7.454	?0.173	0.392	?0.116	0.471	?4.292	7

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