林业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (6): 1-12.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220601
杨菲1,林毅雁2,陈立欣1,*,韩璐1,吴应明1,喻雅洁1
收稿日期:
2020-02-22
出版日期:
2022-06-25
发布日期:
2022-09-24
通讯作者:
陈立欣
基金资助:
Fei Yang1,Yiyan Lin2,Lixin Chen1,*,Lu Han1,Yingming Wu1,Yajie Yu1
Received:
2020-02-22
Online:
2022-06-25
Published:
2022-09-24
Contact:
Lixin Chen
摘要:
目的: 分析晋西黄土区刺槐人工林和油松人工林内上层乔木优势种与下层灌木优势种在不同降雨事件下对土壤水分的利用和水分生态位变化特征, 探究不同量级降雨事件下同一林分内上层乔木与下层灌木的水分利用策略及对水分的竞争/互补关系, 为黄土高原植被恢复和管理提供理论依据。方法: 降雨前后分别采集上层乔木(油松、刺槐)和下层灌木(黄刺玫、六道木)的木质部, 以及0~10、10~20、20~30、30~40、40~60、60~80和80~120 cm土层土壤和大气降雨样品, 分析稳定同位素特征及其动态变化, 采用MixSIAR模型计算各层土壤水对植物木质部水的贡献率, 应用Levins指数和Levins重叠指数计算水分生态位宽度和生态位重叠度。结果: 土壤含水量、土壤水δ18O、乔灌木吸水深度和水分生态位特征均受降雨影响, 影响程度和持续时间随降雨量大小而变化。12.7和33.4 mm降雨前后, 油松及其林下灌木黄刺玫均主要吸收0~80 cm土壤水, 雨后二者对0~40 cm土壤水的利用比例远远高于雨前。3.1 mm降雨并未对刺槐和六道木的水分利用产生明显影响。106.6 mm降雨后, 刺槐增加对0~40 cm土壤水的利用比例但存在时间滞后, 六道木对降雨响应迅速, 雨后对0~40 cm土壤水的利用比例增至49.3%~62.5%。上层乔木的水分生态位宽度较稳定, 在一定范围内上下波动, 下层灌木的水分生态位宽度随降雨量及雨后土壤含水量变化, 发生降雨入渗后可引起油松和黄刺玫以及刺槐和六道木之间生态位重叠度的变化。结论: 除次降3.1 mm事件外, 同一林分内上层乔木(油松、刺槐)和下层灌木(黄刺玫、六道木)在不同量级降雨下的水分利用来源及水分生态位特征均存在差异。下层灌木生态位宽度受降雨的影响大于上层乔木, 且生态位重叠度与生态位宽度存在一定联系。油松及其林下灌木黄刺玫具有相似的水分利用策略, 刺槐及其林下灌木六道木具有不同的水分利用策略。在植被恢复过程中, 可将深根植物与浅根植物结合栽植, 以减少对土壤水分的竞争。
中图分类号:
杨菲,林毅雁,陈立欣,韩璐,吴应明,喻雅洁. 晋西黄土区油松和刺槐2种人工林内乔灌优势种的土壤水分利用及水分生态位特征[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(6): 1-12.
Fei Yang,Yiyan Lin,Lixin Chen,Lu Han,Yingming Wu,Yajie Yu. Soil Water Use and Niche Characteristics of Dominant Tree Species in Arbor Layer and Shrub Layer in Two Plantations of Pinus tabulaeformis and Robinia pseudoacacia in Loess Region of Western Shanxi Province[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(6): 1-12.
表1
两种人工林样地基本信息"
林型 Forest types | 林龄 Stand age/a | 海拔 Altitude/m | 坡度 Slope/(°) | 坡向 Slope aspect | 密度 Density/hm-2 | 平均胸径 Mean DBH/cm | 平均树高 Mean tree height/m | 林下灌木 Understory shrub species |
油松人工林 P. tabulaeformis plantation | 29 | 1 140 | 32 | 东南Southeast | 1 050 | 13.2±0.76 | 7.42±0.46 | 黄刺玫 R. xanthina |
刺槐人工林 R. pseudoacacia plantation | 24 | 1 120 | 20 | 南South | 1 675 | 9.28±2.2 | 8.02±1.23 | 六道木 A. biflora |
表2
采样时间及次降雨信息①"
林型 Stand type | 降雨日期 Rain event date | 降雨量 precipitation | 雨前 Before the rain | 雨后第1天 The first day after rain | 雨后第2天 The second day after rain | 雨后第3天 The third day after rain | 雨后第5天 The fifth day after rain |
油松人工林 P. tabulaeformis plantation | 2020-07-22—25 | 12.7 mm | 2020-07-20 | 2020-07-26 | 2020-07-27 | 2020-07-28 | |
2020-08-24 | 33.4 mm | 2020-08-22 | 2020-08-24 | 2020-08-25 | 2020-08-26 | 2020-08-28 | |
刺槐人工林 R. pseudoacacia plantation | 2020-08-03—07 | 106.6 mm | 2020-07-31 | 2020-08-08 | 2020-08-09 | 2020-08-10 | |
2020-08-31 | 3.1 mm | 2020-08-29 | 2020-09-01 | 2020-09-02 |
表3
采样期间大气降雨稳定氢氧同位素值"
降雨采集日期 Sampling date | 大气降雨同位素值Isotopic values of rainfall(‰) | |
δ2H | δ18O | |
2020-07-22 | -78.93±0.24 | -10.31±0.11 |
2020-07-25 | -60.25±1.25 | -7.37±0.13 |
2020-08-07 | -92.93±0.58 | -13.53±0.06 |
2020-08-12 | -76.90±1.30 | -11.17±0.16 |
2020-08-17 | -72.88±0.88 | -9.97±0.06 |
2020-08-18 | -117.22±1.26 | -15.98±0.11 |
2020-08-24 | -107.48±0.46 | -15.33±0.10 |
2020-08-31 | -74.13±0.25 | -10.80±0.07 |
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