树种多样性对森林生态系统多功能性和韧性的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20260001

林业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (1): 1-18.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20260001

• 特邀综述 • 下一篇

树种多样性对森林生态系统多功能性和韧性的影响

刘世荣^1,*(),陈远其^1,²,聂秀青¹(),明安刚³,王晖¹

1. 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所　国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室　河南宝天曼森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站　北京 100091
2. 湖南科技大学地球科学与空间信息工程学院　煤炭资源清洁利用与矿山环境保护湖南省重点实验室　湘潭 411201
3. 中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心　广西友谊关森林生态系统定位观测研究站　崇左凭祥友谊关森林生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站　凭祥 532600

收稿日期:2026-01-01 修回日期:2026-01-05 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-14
通讯作者: 刘世荣 E-mail:liusr@caf.ac.cn;niexiuqing@caf.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（W2511032, 32271729）；国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD2200405, 2021YFD2200402）。

Effects of Tree Species Diversity on Multifunctionality and Resilience of Forest Ecosystems

Shirong Liu^1,*(),Yuanqi Chen^1,²,Xiuqing Nie¹(),Angang Ming³,Hui Wang¹

1. Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry　Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration　 Baotianman Forest Ecosystem Research Station 　Beijing 100091
2. Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Clean-Utilization and Mine Environment Protection　School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology　Xiangtan 411201
3. Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry　Guangxi Youyiguan Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station　Youyiguan Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi　Pingxiang 532600

Received:2026-01-01 Revised:2026-01-05 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-01-14
Contact: Shirong Liu E-mail:liusr@caf.ac.cn;niexiuqing@caf.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物多样性对森林生态系统功能和生态系统服务具有十分重要的影响，而不断加剧的气候变化正在严重威胁森林生物多样性及生态系统的健康和稳定性。为应对气候变化和保护生物多样性，提高森林生态系统韧性、多功能性和可持续性尤为重要。树种多样性是森林经营过程中关注的核心问题，直接影响森林生态系统的多功能性、稳定性和可持续性，是当今国内外森林生态学研究的前沿和热点。由于森林生态系统的复杂性（如类型多样、结构复杂以及对干扰和环境变化的时空动态响应），人们对树种多样性调控森林生态系统多功能性内在机理的认识还十分有限。本研究系统总结树种多样性对生态系统多功能性影响的生态学原理，包括生态位分化、资源分配与功能性状整合及拮抗、互补效应与选择效应、杠杆效应与功能冗余等；综述近年来树种多样性与生态系统多功能性的研究进展，涉及树种多样性对树木生长、林分生产力、根系及根系分泌物、土壤有机碳、土壤养分、土壤微生物和根系?土壤?微生物互作等生态过程与相关功能的影响，以及树种多样性对森林生态系统响应极端干旱、病虫害、外来物种入侵等的影响；结合经营实践，从树种选择与遗传多样性、混交与不同功能型树种组配、轮伐期调整与地力维持、景观配置与多功能性等方面提出人工林质量与生态系统多功能性协同提升的经营技术对策。最后，展望树种多样性与生态系统多功能性的未来研究趋势，探究应对气候变化与生物多样性保护相协同的近自然解决方案，以期为全球气候变化背景下森林生态系统经营，尤其是人工林多功能可持续经营提供科学依据和实践参考。

关键词: 森林, 树种多样性, 多功能性, 韧性, 功能性状, 森林质量, 人工林, 气候变化

Abstract:

Forest biodiversity plays a pivotal role in regulating ecological functions and critical ecosystem services, while exacerbating climate change is jeopardizing forest biodiversity, health and stability. To tackle climate change and protect biodiversity, it is particularly important to enhance the multifunctionality, sustainability, and resilience of forest ecosystems. Tree species diversity, as a core issue of forest ecosystem management, directly contributes to shaping forest multifunctionality, stability and resilience, which has become a research hotspot and frontier of forest ecology worldwide. In view of complexity of forest ecosystem (e.g., diverse forest types, complex stand structure and spatiotemporal dynamics in response to environmental disturbances), our understanding of the mechanisms underlying effects of tree species diversity on ecosystem multifunctionality and resilience remains poorly understood. This article systematically synthesizes the key ecological principles illustrating how biodiversity influences ecosystem multifunctionality, including niche differentiation, resource partitioning, functional trait integration and trade-offs, complementarity and selection effects, as well as leverage effects and functional redundancy. This article reviews the research progress on tree species diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality in recent years, covering the effects of tree species diversity on tree growth, stand productivity, root dynamics and exudates, soil organic carbon, soil nutrients, soil microbial communities, and root-soil-microbe interactions. Additionally, how tree species diversity enhances ecosystem stability and resilience in response to droughts, pest outbreaks, and invasive species is also examined. Based on practical management practices, four synergistic silvicultural strategies are proposed to improve forest quality and multifunctionality, such as tree species selection and genetic diversity optimization, mixed-species reforestation and functional trait-based species assemblages, rotation period adjustment and soil fertility maintenance, and landscape-level multifunctional configuration. Finally, in perspective of the nature-based solutions for shaping synergies between climate change mitigation and adaptation and biodiversity conservation as well, future research priorities and directions of tree diversity and multifunctionality of forest ecosystems are looked forward, which will provide theoretical basis and practical guidelines for navigating sustainable forest management, particularly for plantation forests.

Key words: forest ecosystem, tree diversity, multifunctionality, resilience, functional traits, forest quality, plantation forests, climate change

中图分类号:

S718.55

刘世荣,陈远其,聂秀青,明安刚,王晖. 树种多样性对森林生态系统多功能性和韧性的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2026, 62(1): 1-18.

Shirong Liu,Yuanqi Chen,Xiuqing Nie,Angang Ming,Hui Wang. Effects of Tree Species Diversity on Multifunctionality and Resilience of Forest Ecosystems[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(1): 1-18.

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丰富度 Tree species richness	生长指标 Growth indices	效应（值） Effect (size)	解释机制 Explanation	研究地区 Study region	参考文献 References
1， 2， 3， 4， 5	生产力 Productivity	正效应 Positive effect	多营养级生物多样性 Multi-trophic biodiversity	亚热带 Subtropics	李茜等， 2023
1， 2， 4	木材蓄积量 Wood volume	+29%	增加群落结构复杂性 Enhanced structural complexity	温带 Temperate zone	Ray et al.， 2023
1， 2， 4， 8	木材蓄积量与年生物量生长速率Wood volume and annual biomass growth rates	正效应 Positive effect	高多样性导致更强的邻体互作正效应 High diversity leads to stronger positive effects of neighboring interactions	亚热带 Subtropics	Yu et al.， 2024
1， 2， 4， 12	材积与茎干生物量 Volume and stem biomass	正效应 Positive effect	冠层空间互补 Crown complementarity	温带 Temperate zone	Williams et al.， 2017
1， 2， >2	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	+25.5%	种间互补性 Interspecific complementarity	全球 Global regions	Feng et al.， 2022
1， 2， >2	生物量Biomass	+15.2%	补偿效应与选择效应 Complementarity and selection effects	全球 Global regions	Chen et al.， 2025b

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树种多样性对森林生态系统多功能性和韧性的影响

Effects of Tree Species Diversity on Multifunctionality and Resilience of Forest Ecosystems

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