基于生态系统健康的川滇生态屏障区生态安全格局构建

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250296

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 构建生态系统健康评估框架与综合阻力面，识别川滇生态屏障区生态源地和关键节点，为研究区生态安全格局优化奠定基础，为生态保护与修复提供科学依据。方法: 基于2021年多源基础数据和“生态活力?组织力?恢复力?生态系统服务”框架，利用InVEST、Fragstats和TerrSet等软件，评估研究区生态系统健康空间分布，确定最优生态源保护方案；采用随机森林模型计算未来土地利用发展概率，结合自然和社会因子构建综合生态阻力面，应用电路理论模型构建研究区生态安全格局。结果: 2021年，研究区生态系统物理健康指数、活力、组织力和恢复力均呈现明显的空间分异。生态系统物理健康指数和活力平均值分别为0.533和0.546，呈南高北低分布，高值区主要分布在生态系统类型多样、野生生物资源丰富、植被覆盖率较高及水资源充足的南部、西南部、中部和北部；西北部和东部的生态系统物理健康和活力水平较低。组织力平均值为0.583，受地形阻隔影响，高值区多分布在地势平坦、交通连通性较好、植被覆盖度高、有河流穿越的区域；低值区集中于岷山、米仓山、邛崃山、大凉山和高黎贡山等地形复杂地区。恢复力平均值高达0.667，西部和西北部因过度放牧引发草地退化、盐碱化和沙化等问题而呈低值，城镇发达、耕地密集和湖泊所在地也为低值区。生态系统健康分布呈西部、西北部、东部和东南部较低，东北部、中部和南部较高的格局。综合生态阻力面平均值为32.716，与生态系统健康分布趋势相反。生态安全格局共包含210块生态源地，面积66 990.64 km²，占总面积的28.28%；生态廊道511条，总长度达5 951.475 km；在空间分布上呈现出西部密集、东部稀疏的特征。一般生态廊道（250条）长且分散，连接较远生态源；重要生态廊道（178条）短而密集，与一般廊道形成廊道网络；核心生态廊道（83条）连接面积较大源地。共识别出143个生态夹点和248个生态障碍点，主要分布于一般生态廊道上，以草地、其他用地和耕地为主。结论: 本研究揭示出川滇生态屏障区生态系统物理健康的区域差异，生态系统健康整体呈南北高、东西低分布格局。东北部、中部和南部是生态源地和夹点的集中分布区，应优先保护自然植被的完整性；阿坝州、甘孜州和香格里拉地区受自然与人为活动的影响显著，应重点修复；应进一步优化东北部和南部地区的空间规划，协调生态与经济的可持续发展。

关键词: 生态系统服务, 生态系统健康, 土地发展概率, 电路理论, 生态安全格局

Abstract:

Objective: In this study, an ecosystem health assessment framework and a comprehensive resistance surface were constructed to identify ecological source areas and key nodes in the Sichuan-Yunnan ecological barrier area, aiming to lay a foundation for optimizing the ecological security pattern in the study area and provide a scientific basis for ecological protection and restoration. Method: Based on multi-source basic data in 2021 and the “ecological vigor-organization-resilience-ecosystem services” framework, software such as InVEST, Fragstats, and TerrSet were used to evaluate the spatial distribution of ecosystem health in the study area and determine the optimal ecological source protection plan. The random forest model was adopted to calculate the future land-use development probability, and a comprehensive ecological resistance surface was constructed by combining natural and social factors. The ecological security pattern of the study area was constructed through the circuit theory model. Result: In 2021, there were obvious spatial differentiations in the ecosystem physical health index, vigor, organization, and resilience of the ecosystem in the study area. The average values of the ecosystem physical health index and vitality were 0.533 and 0.546 respectively, showing a distribution pattern of high in the south and low in the north. The high-value areas were mainly distributed in the south, southwest, central, and north regions with diverse ecosystem types, abundant wildlife resources, high vegetation coverage, and sufficient water resources. The physical health and vitality levels in the northwest and east were relatively low. The average value of organization was 0.583. Affected by terrain barriers, the high-value areas were mostly in regions with flat terrain, good traffic connectivity, high vegetation coverage, and traversed by rivers. The low-value areas were concentrated in areas with complex terrains such as the Minshan Mountains, Micang Mountains, Qionglai Mountains, Daliang Mountains, and Gaoligong Mountains. The average value of resilience reached 0.667. The western and northwestern regions exhibited low values due to grassland degradation, salinization, and desertification caused by overgrazing. The areas with developed towns, intensively cultivated land, and lakes were also low values. The distribution of the ecosystem health showed a pattern of low in the west, northwest, east, and southeast and high in the northeast, central, and south. The average value of the comprehensive ecological resistance surface was 32.716, opposing the distribution trend of ecosystem health. The ecological security pattern included 210 ecological source areas with an area of 66 990.64 km², accounting for 28.28% of the total area. There were 511 ecological corridors with a total length of 5 951.475 km, showing a dense distribution in the west and sparse in the east. The general ecological corridors (250) were long and scattered, connecting relatively distant ecological sources. The important ecological corridors (178) were short and densely distributed, forming a corridor network with general corridors. The core ecological corridors (83) connected large-area source areas. A total of 143 ecological pinch-points and 248 ecological barrier points were identified, primarily distributed on general ecological corridors, with land uses mainly consisting of grasslands, other land uses and cultivated land. Conclusion: This study reveals the regional differences in the physical health, and the overall distribution pattern of the ecosystem health is “high in the north and south, low in the east and west”. The northeast, central, and south regions are the concentrated distribution areas of ecological source areas and pinch points, and the integrity of natural vegetation should be protected as a priority. The Aba Prefecture, Ganzi Prefecture, and Shangri-La region are significantly affected by natural factors and human activities and should be preferentially restored. Additionally, spatial planning of the northeast and south regions should be further optimized to coordinate the sustainable development of the ecosystem and the economy.

Key words: ecosystem services, ecosystem health, land development probability, circuit theory, ecological security pattern

中图分类号:

刘娇,杨爱霞,李帅锋,苏建荣. 基于生态系统健康的川滇生态屏障区生态安全格局构建[J]. 林业科学, 2026, 62(1): 42-56.

Jiao Liu,Aixia Yang,Shuaifeng Li,Jianrong Su. Construction of Ecological Security Pattern in Sichuan-Yunnan Ecological Barrier Area Based on Ecosystem Health[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(1): 42-56.

图/表 14

表1

表2

表3

表4

图1

表5

图2

图3

图4

图5

表6

图6

图7

图8

参考文献 0

	陈竹安, 况　达, 危小建, 等. 基于MSPA与MCR模型的余江县生态网络构建. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26 (8): 1199- 1207.
	Chen Z A, Kuang D, Wei X J, et al. Construction of the ecological network in Yujiang County based on the MSPA and MCR models. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2017, 26 (8): 1199- 1207.
	董文卓, 苏维词, 勾　容, 等. 生态系统服务和生态系统健康视角下的贵州省生态风险时空演变. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36 (4): 1211- 1221.
	Dong W Z, Su W C, Gou R, et al. Spatial and temporal evolution of ecological risk in Guizhou Province, China from the perspective of ecosystem services and ecosystem health. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36 (4): 1211- 1221.
	傅伯杰, 王晓峰, 冯晓明, 等. 2017. 国家生态屏障区生态系统评估. 北京: 科学出版社.
	Fu B J, Wang X F, Feng X M, et al. 2017. Ecological system assessment of national ecological barrier areas. Beijing: Science Press. ［in Chinese］
	高彬嫔, 李　琛, 吴映梅, 等. 川滇生态屏障区景观生态风险评价及影响因素. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32 (5): 1603- 1613.
	Gao B P, Li C, Wu Y M, et al. Landscape ecological risk assessment and influencing factors in ecological conservation area in Sichuan-Yunnan provinces, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecologys, 2021, 32 (5): 1603- 1613.
	黄　云, 徐黎亮, 郑博福, 等. 亚热带典型森林生产力及碳利用率的气候变化响应. 林业科学, 2025, 61 (3): 121- 134.
	Huang Y, Xu L L, Zheng B F, et al. Responses of productivity and carbon use efficiency of typical subtropical forests to climate change. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61 (3): 121- 134.
	郎　燕, 刘　宁, 刘世荣. 气候和土地利用变化影响下生态屏障带水土流失趋势研究. 生态学报, 2021, 41 (13): 5106- 5117.
	Lang Y, Liu N, Liu S R. Changes in soil erosion and its driving factors under climate change and land use scenarios in Sichuan-Yunnan-Loess Plateau region and the southern Hilly Mountain Belt, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2021, 41 (13): 5106- 5117.
	刘斯媛, 罗　勇, 于　慧, 等. 川西北长江黄河源区生态安全格局构建及优化. 环境工程技术学报, 2023, 13 (4): 1315- 1324.
	Liu S Y, Luo Y, Yu H, et al. Construction and optimization of ccological security pattern in the source regions of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River in northwestem Sichuan. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 2023, 13 (4): 1315- 1324.
	王晓蓉, 崔　媛, 张　勇, 等. 1995—2019年香格里拉市高寒草甸景观格局和潜在生产力变化特征研究. 西南林业大学学报(自然科学), 2025, 45 (1): 106- 116.
	Wang X R, Cui Y, Zhang Y, et al. Changes in land-scape patterns and potential productivity of alpine meadows in Shangri-La from 1995 to 2019. Journal of Southwest Forestry University, 2025, 45 (1): 106- 116.
	武　燕, 吴映梅, 李　琛, 等. 基于MAUP下川滇生态屏障区生态系统服务价值多尺度空间分异及地理探测响应. 水土保持研究, 2023, 30 (2): 333- 342.
	Wu Y, Wu Y M, Li C, et al. Multi-scale spatial differentiation and geographic detection response of ecosystem service value in Sichuan-Yunnan ecological barrier based on the modifiable areal unit problem. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2023, 30 (2): 333- 342.
	许　峰, 尹海伟, 孔繁花, 等. 基于MSPA与最小路径方法的巴中西部新城生态网络构建. 生态学报, 2015, 35 (19): 6425- 6434.
	Xu F, Yin H W, Kong F H, et al. Developing ecological networks based on MSPA and the least-cost path method: a case study in bazhong western new district. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35 (19): 6425- 6434.
	易　浪, 孙　颖, 尹少华, 等. 生态安全格局构建: 概念、框架与展望. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31 (4): 845- 856.
	Yi L, Sun Y, Yin S H, et al. Construction of ecological security pattern: concept, framework and prospect. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2022, 31 (4): 845- 856.
	杨时民, 李玉文, 吕玉哲. 扎龙湿地生态安全评价指标体系研究. 林业科学, 2006, 42 (5): 127- 132.
	Yang S M, Li Y W, Lü Y Z. The assessment index system of Zhalong wetland eco-security. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2006, 42 (5): 127- 132.
	Bai J i, Sun R, Liu Y F, et al. Integrating ecological and recreational functions to optimize ecological security pattern in Fuzhou City. Scientific Reports, 2025, 15 (1): 778. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84660-1
	Cao W Y, Li X B, Lyu X, et al. To explore the effectiveness of various ecological security pattern construction methods in many growth situations in the future: a case study of the West Liaohe River Basin in Inner Mongolia. Science of the Total Environment, 2024, 948, 174607. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174607
	Cai Y C, Li H, Li W C. Optimization of a “social-ecological” system pattern from the perspective of ecosystem service supply and demand: a case study of Jilin Province. Land, 2024, 13 (10): 1716. doi: 10.3390/land13101716
	Cong Z X, Yang S, Zhu B K, et al. Identification of key ecological restoration areas based on ecological security patterns and territorial spatial ecological restoration zoning: a case study of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in China. Journal for Nature Conservation, 2025, 84, 126793. doi: 10.1016/j.jnc.2024.126793
	Das M, Das A, Mandal A. Research note: Ecosystem health (EH) assessment of a rapidly urbanizing metropolitan city region of eastern India: a study on Kolkata Metropolitan Area. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2020, 204, 103938. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103938
	Du Z Y, Ji X B, Zhao W Y, et al. Integrating revised DPSIR and ecological security patterns to assess the health of alpine grassland ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Science of the Total Environment, 2024, 957, 177833. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177833
	Fang J, Xu L Y, Lu Q. Ecological security patterns of Chinese lakes based on ecosystem service values assessment and human threat factors evaluation. Ecological Informatics, 2024, 82, 102754. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2024.102754
	Guo J, Feng P F, Xue H, et al. A framework of ecological security patterns in arid and semi-arid regions considering differences socioeconomic scenarios in ecological risk: case of Loess Plateau, China. Journal of Environmental Management, 2025a, 373, 123923. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123923
	Guo Y C, Xu D W, Xu J, et al. Multi-scale analysis of spatial and temporal evolution of ecosystem health in the Harbin-Changchun urban agglomeration, China. Sustainability, 2024, 16 (2): 837. doi: 10.3390/su16020837
	Guo Z Y, Zhu C X, Fan X, et al. Analysis of ecological network evolution in an ecological restoration area with the MSPA-MCR model: a case study from Ningwu County, China. Ecological Indicators, 2025b, 170, 113067. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.113067
	Han J Z, Hu Z Q, Mao Z, et al. How to account for changes in carbon storage from Coal Mining and Reclamation in Eastern China? Taking Yanzhou Coalfield as an example to simulate and estimate. Remote Sensing, 2022, 14 (9): 2014. doi: 10.3390/rs14092014
	Han P Y, Hu H Z, Zhou J Y, et al. Integrating key ecosystem services to study the spatio-temporal dynamics and determinants of ecosystem health in Wuhan’s central urban area. Ecological Indicators, 2024, 166, 112352. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112352
	Hu J L, Qing G, Wang Y X, et al. Landscape ecological security of the Lijiang River Basin in China: spatiotemporal evolution and pattern optimization. Sustainability, 2024, 16 (13): 5777. doi: 10.3390/su16135777
	Huang X Y, Xiu L N, Lu Z X, et al. Ecological networks construction and optimization in the Longdong Loess Plateau: the advantages of self-organizing map and complex networks. Ecological Indicators, 2025, 170, 113138. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113138
	Huang Y, Gan X, Feng Y F, et al. A new framework for assessing ecosystem health with consideration of the sustainable supply of ecosystem services. Landscape Ecology, 2024, 39 (2): 37. doi: 10.1007/s10980-024-01834-y
	Jia J, Guo W L, Xu L Y, et al. Multi scenario simulation of land use in Chaohu Lake Basin Based on PLUS model. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2025, 34 (2): 1207- 1219. doi: 10.15244/pjoes/187145
	Jie Y, Wang S Y, Jie Z, et al. Optimisation of ecological security patterns in ecologically transition areas under the perspective of ecological resilience: a case of Taohe River. Ecological Indicators, 2024, 166, 112315. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112315
	Knaapen J P, Scheffer M, Harms B. Estimating habitat isolation in landscape planning. Landscape and Urban Planning, 1992, 23 (1): 1- 16. doi: 10.1016/0169-2046(92)90060-D
	Lei J J, Li C S, Yang W N. Ecosystem health assessment and approaches to improve Sichuan Province based on an improved vigor organization resilience model. Ecological Indicators, 2023, 155, 110925. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110925
	Lewis S L, Maslin M A. Defining the Anthropocene. Nature, 2015, 519 (7542): 171- 180. doi: 10.1038/nature14258
	Li C, Qiao W F, Gao B P, et al. Unveiling spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem services and their drivers in varied landform types: Insights from the Sichuan-Yunnan ecological barrier area. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024b, 442, 141158. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141158
	Li C, Wu Y M, Gao B P, et al. Multi-scenario simulation of ecosystem service value for optimization of land use in the Sichuan-Yunnan ecological barrier, China. Ecological Indicators, 2021b, 132, 108328. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108328
	Li C, Wu Y M, Gao B P, et al. Construction of ecological security pattern of national ecological barriers for ecosystem health maintenance. Ecological Indicators, 2023, 146, 109801. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109801
	Li J Y, Chen X, De Maeyer P, et al. Ecological security warning in Central Asia: integrating ecosystem services protection under SSPs-RCPs scenarios. Science of the Total Environment, 2024, 912, 168698. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168698
	Li T, Li L, Tang M F, et al. Heterogeneous impacts of human activity intensity on regional ecological security patterns: the case of southwest China. Land, 2024d, 13 (12): 2172. doi: 10.3390/land13122172
	Li W J, Xie S Y, Wang Y, et al. Effects of urban expansion on ecosystem health in southwest China from a multi-perspective analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021a, 294, 126341. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126341
	Li W P, Liu Y D, Lin Q R, et al. Identification of ecological security pattern in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Ecological Indicators, 2025b, 170, 113057. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.113057
	Li X D, Tao H Y, Wang J, et al. Integrated evaluation of the ecological security pattern in central Beijing using InVEST, MSPA, and Multifactor indices. Land, 2025, 14 (1): 205. doi: 10.3390/land14010205
	Li Y Y, Qin L, Wang Y H, et al. Ecosystem health assessment of the largest lake wetland in the Yellow River basin using an improved vigor-organization-resilience-services model. Ecological Indicators, 2024a, 166, 112539. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112539
	Lin X, Wang Z T, Bao Y. Integrating ecosystem stress into the assessment of ecosystem health in karst areas and exploring its driving factors. Ecological Indicators, 2024, 167, 112662.
	Liu X Y, Su Y, Li Z G, et al. Constructing ecological security patterns based on ecosystem services trade-offs and ecological sensitivity: a case study of Shenzhen metropolitan area, China. Ecological Indicators, 2023, 154, 110626. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110626
	Ma J W, Ding X, Shu Y Q, et al. Spatio-temporal variations of ecosystem health in the Liuxi River Basin, Guangzhou, China. Ecological Informatics, 2022, 72, 101842. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101842
	Ma Y, Chen H, Yang M, et al. Assessment of supply-demand relationships considering the interregional flow of ecosystem services. Environmental science and pollution research international, 2024, 31 (19): 27710- 27729. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-32904-y
	Nie H R, Zhao Y, Zhu J, et al. Ecological security pattern construction in typical oasis area based on ant colony optimization: a case study in Yili River Valley, China. Ecological Indicators, 2024, 169, 112770. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112770
	Pan Z Z, He J H, Liu D F, et al. Predicting the joint effects of future climate and land use change on ecosystem health in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China. Applied Geography, 2020, 124, 102293. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102293
	Peng J, Wang Y L, Wu J S, et al. Research progress on evaluation frameworks of regional ecological sustainability. Chinese Geographical Science, 2011, 21 (4): 496- 510. doi: 10.1007/s11769-011-0490-0
	Qiao W Y, Hu B, Guo Z, et al. Evaluating the sustainability of land use integrating SDGs and its driving factors: a case study of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, China. Cities, 2023, 143, 104569. doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2023.104569
	Qin X L, Ling H B, Shan Q J, et al. Construction of ecological security patterns in typical arid regions based on the synergy of efficient ecological water utilization and environmental quality enhancement. Catena, 2025, 249, 108713. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.108713
	Ren S M, Zhao H, Zhang H L, et al. Influence of natural and social economic factors on landscape pattern indices: the case of the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province. Water, 2023, 15 (23): 4174. doi: 10.3390/w15234174
	Shi X Y, Zhao X Q, Pu J W, et al. Evolution modes, types, and social-ecological drivers of ecologically critical areas in the Sichuan-Yunnan ecological barrier in the last 15 years. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022, 19 (15): 9206. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159206
	Shi Y, Fan X X, Chen H N, et al. Landscape pattern evolution and ecological security assessment based on land use changes in mining cities: a case study of Heihe City. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2024, 12, 1488439. doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1488439
	Shu R, Ma G Q, Zou Y B, et al. Bibliometric analysis of ecological security pattern construction: current status, evolution, and development trends. Ecological Indicators, 2024, 169, 112754. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112754
	Sturck J, Verburg P H. Multifunctionality at what scale? A landscape multifunctionality assessment for the European Union under conditions of land use change. Landscape Ecology, 2017, 32 (3): 481- 500. doi: 10.1007/s10980-016-0459-6
	Tang F, Fu M C, Wang L, et al. Land-use change in Changli County, China: predicting its spatio-temporal evolution in habitat quality. Ecological Indicators, 2020, 117, 106719. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106719
	Tang X L, Zhao X, Bai Y F, et al. Carbon pools in China’s terrestrial ecosystems: new estimates based on an intensive field survey. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018, 115 (16): 4021- 4026.
	Wang C X, Yu C Y, Chen T Q, et al. Can the establishment of ecological security patterns improve ecological protection? An example of Nanchang, China. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 740, 140051. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140051
	Wang T, Li H, Huang Y. The complex ecological network’s resilience of the Wuhan metropolitan area. Ecological Indicators, 2021, 130, 108101. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108101
	Wang X Y, Yao W F, Luo Q Z, et al. Spatial relationship between ecosystem health and urbanization in coastal mountain city, Qingdao, China. Ecological Informatics, 2024, 79, 102458. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102458
	Wang Y C, Yang X, Zhang X J, et al. Spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics and conservation strategy of ecological security pattern in a rapidly urbanizing zone. Ecological Indicators, 2024, 166, 112457. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112457
	Wang Y, Zhou X G, Ding C, et al. Construction and optimization of the watershed-scale ecological network based on network characteristic analysis: a case study of the Lancang River Basin. Ecological Indicators, 2025, 171, 113164. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113164
	Williams J R, Renard K G, Dyke P T. EPIC: a new method for assessing erosion’s effect on soil productivity. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1983, 38 (5): 381- 383. doi: 10.1080/00224561.1983.12436327
	Wu Q, Cao Y, Zhang Y J, et al. Linking ecosystem services trade-offs, human preferences and future scenario simulations to ecological security patterns: a novel methodology for reconciling conflicting ecological functions. Applied Geography, 2025, 176, 103534. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103534
	Wu S Y, Zhao C, Yang L, et al. Spatial and temporal evolution analysis of ecological security pattern in Hubei Province based on ecosystem service supply and demand analysis. Ecological Indicators, 2024, 162, 112051. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112051
	Wu Y D, Han Z Y, Meng J J, et al. Circuit theory-based ecological security pattern could promote ecological protection in the Heihe River Basin of China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023, 30 (10): 27340- 27356.
	Xiang K M, Chen L, Li W Y, et al. Construction and optimization strategy of ecological security pattern in county-level cities under spatial and temporal variation of ecosystem services: case study of Mianzhu, China. Land, 2024, 13 (7): 936. doi: 10.3390/land13070936
	Xiao Z L, Liu R, Gao Y H, et al. Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of ecosystem health and its driving mechanism in the mountains of southwest China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022, 345, 131138. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131138
	Xie X, Fang B, Xu H Z Y, et al. Study on the coordinated relationship between urban land use efficiency and ecosystem health in China. Land Use Policy, 2021, 102, 105235. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105235
	Yan L B, Yu L F, An M T, et al. Explanation of the patterns, spatial relationships, and node functions of biodiversity and island: an example of nature reserves in Guizhou, southwest China. Sustainability, 2019, 11 (22): 6197. doi: 10.3390/su11226197
	Yang A X, Zhong B, Hu L F, et al. Assessment of land cover status and change in the world and “the Belt and Road” region from 2016 to 2020. Sensors, 2023, 23 (16): 7158.
	Yang A X, Zhong B, Wang X L, et al. 30 m 5-yearly land cover maps of Qilian Mountain area (QMA_LC30) from 1990 to 2020. Scientific Data, 2024, 11 (1): 1339. doi: 10.1038/s41597-024-03976-9
	Yang J L, Xin Z B, Li X Y, et al. Vigor-organization-resilience framework for assessing ecosystem health in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability, 2024, 10, 0260. doi: 10.34133/ehs.0260
	Zhang F Y, Jia Y Y, Liu X L, et al. Application of MSPA-MCR models to construct ecological security pattern in the basin: a case study of Dawen River basin. Ecological Indicators, 2024, 160, 111887. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.111887
	Zhang L L, Liu Q Y, Wang J, et al. Constructing ecological security patterns using remote sensing ecological index and circuit theory: A case study of the Changchun-Jilin-Tumen region. Journal of Environmental Management, 2025, 373, 123693. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123693
	Zhang P P, Song M J, Lu Q Q. Mapping ecological security patterns based on ecosystem service valuation in the Qinling-Daba Mountain area, China: a multi-scenario study for development and conservation tradeoffs. Land, 2024b, 13 (10): 1629. doi: 10.3390/land13101629
	Zhao C, Shao N, Yang S, et al. Integrated assessment of ecosystem health using multiple indicator species. Ecological Engineering, 2019, 130, 157- 168. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.02.016
	Zhao X Q, Yue Q F, Pei J C, et al. Ecological security pattern construction in karst area based on ant algorithm. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021, 18 (13): 6863. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18136863
	Zhou Y, Li X H, Liu Y S. Land use change and driving factors in rural China during the period 1995—2015. Land Use Policy, 2020, 99, 105048. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105048
	Zhou J J, Zhao Y R, Huang P, et al. Impacts of ecological restoration projects on the ecosystem carbon storage of inland river basin in arid area, China. Ecological Indicators, 2020b, 118, 106803. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106803
	Zhu X L, Qie R Q, Luo C, et al. Assessment and driving factors of wetland ecosystem service function in northeast China based on InVEST-PLUS model. Water, 2024, 16 (15): 2153. doi: 10.3390/w16152153
	Zhu Y C, Liu Y C, Xiao Y, et al. Construction of ecological security patterns incorporating multiple types of ecological service functions for developed coastal regions: a case study in Jinjiang Watershed, China. Land, 2024b, 13 (8): 1227. doi: 10.3390/land13081227

研究参数Research parameters	年份Year	空间分辨率Spatial resolution	数据来源Data sources
土地利用/覆盖Land use/land cover（LULC）	2021	30 m	中国科学院空天信息创新研究院Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences
数字高程模型Digital elevation model	2019	30 m	NASA地球科学数据NASA Earth Science Data（https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/）
年均气温、逐月降水数据集、逐月潜在蒸散发数据集Annual mean temperature, Monthly precipitation dataset, Monthly potential evapotranspiration dataset	2021	1 000 m	国家青藏高原科学数据中心National Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Science Data Center （http://data.tpdc.ac.cn）
土壤数据Soil data	2010— 2018	90 m	国家科技基础条件平台——国家地球系统科学数据中心National Earth System Science Data Center， National Science & Technology Infrastructure of China （http://soil.geodata.cn）
归一化植被指数Normalized vegetation index（NDVI）	2021	30 m	采用2021年Landsat遥感影像计算Calculated with Landsat remote sensing images in 2021
净初级生产力Net primary productivity（NPP）	2021	500 m	MYD17A3HGF数据集MYD17A3HGF dataset （https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/myd17a3hgfv061/）
道路、湖泊、河流数据Road, lake, and river data	2021	矢量数据 Vector data	OpenStreetMap（https://www.openstreetmap.org/）

项目Item	耕地 Farmland	林地 Forest	草地 Grassland	灌木地 Shrubland	水域 Water	建设用地 Built-up land	交通运输用地 Transportation land	其他 Other
恢复力系数Resilience coefficient	0.4	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.2	0.2	0.1
阻力系数Resistance coefficient	0.6	1	0.6	0.6	0.8	0.3	0.3	0.2

土地利用类型 Land use type	地上生物量碳 Aboveground biomass carbon	地下生物量碳 Underground biomass carbon	土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon	死有机碳 Dead organic matter carbon
耕地Farmland	0.411 1	2.734 1	93.437 7	0
林地Forest	12.174 4	48.916 8	111.922 9	2.177 3
草地Grassland	0.474 7	4.857 4	90.657 9	0.09
灌木地Shrubland	4.662 7	5.828 4	89.205	0.924 2
水域Water	0	0	0	0
建设用地Built-up land	4.804 3	1.921 7	70.628 3	0
交通运输用地 Transportation land	4.941 5	1.976 6	71.815 1	0
其他Other	0	0	0	0

情景Scenario	风险Risk	权衡Trae-off	w₁	w₂	w₃	w₄	w₅
1	0	0	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000
2	0.1	0.374	0.000	0.000	0.033	0.333	0.633
3	0.2	0.570	0.000	0.040	0.180	0.320	0.460
4	0.3	0.717	0.040	0.120	0.200	0.280	0.360
5	0.4	0.859	0.120	0.160	0.200	0.240	0.280
6	0.5	1.000	0.200	0.200	0.200	0.200	0.200
7	0.6	0.859	0.280	0.240	0.200	0.160	0.120
8	0.7	0.717	0.360	0.280	0.200	0.120	0.040
9	0.8	0.570	0.460	0.320	0.180	0.040	0.000
10	0.9	0.374	0.633	0.333	0.033	0.000	0.000
11	1	0	1.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

阻力因子Resistance factor	权重 Weight	相对阻力值Relative resistance value
阻力因子Resistance factor	权重 Weight	10	30	50	70	90
土地发展概率因子 Land development probability factor	0.416 7	基于公式（11）Calculation based on equation （11）
海拔Elevation/ m	0.142 6	<2 000	2 000–2 500	2 500–3 000	3 000–3 500	>3 500
坡度Slope/ (°)	0.056 7	<8	8~15	15~25	25~35	>35
地形起伏度Topographic relief/m	0.074 5	<100	100~200	200~300	300~400	>400
植被覆盖度Vegetation coverage (%)	0.158 8	>0.8	0.6~0.8	0.4~0.6	0.2~0.4	<0.2
距道路距离Distance from road/m	0.083 3	>5 000	2 000~5 000	1 000~2 000	500~1 000	<500
土壤侵蚀量Amount of soil erosion/ (t·km^?2)	0.067 4	<500	500~1 000	1 000~2 000	2 000~5 000	>5 000