松材线虫病在中国的流行现状、防治技术与对策分析

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20190901

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 松材线虫病是一种重大的检疫性森林病害。北美洲被认为是松材线虫病的原发地，亚洲是松材线虫病流行危害最严重的地区，其中中国是目前遭受松材线虫病威胁最严重的国家，病害已经在我国十多个省区造成了大面积松树死亡，现有6 000万hm²松林正面临着松材线虫病大流行的威胁。目前在我国采取的防控技术主要是围绕3个关键环节，即病害检疫和疫情监测、疫木除治、媒介昆虫防治，此外还有一个主动防病措施，即树干注射。本文在对现有各项防控技术进行综合分析的基础上，提出无论是在病害尚未发生的区域还是在已经发生的区域，在防控对策上都应该把病害检疫、疫情监测、疫木除治作为病害防治的核心措施，其他如媒介昆虫化学防治、引诱剂防治和生物防治等防治措施作为防控松材线虫病的辅助方法，有选择性的、有针对性地加以应用。树干注射剂可在古树名木保护或重要生态区的松树上采用。尽快培育出抗松材线虫病的乡土松种品种，是松材线虫病防控的重要长期战略。

关键词: 松材线虫病, 流行现状, 关键环节, 防治技术, 对策分析

Abstract: Pine wilt disease (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is a major epidemic forest disease. North America is considered to be the origin of the disease, and Asia is the most serious region of pine wilt disease epidemic hazards, of which China is currently the most severely threatened country by pine wilt disease. The disease has caused a large area of pine tree death in more than a dozen provinces and regions in China. The 60 million hectares of pine forest is now facing the threat of the disease epidemic. At present, the prevention and control technology adopted in our country mainly centers on three key links, namely disease quarantine and epidemic monitoring, epidemic wood removal, and vector insect control. In addition, there is an active disease prevention measure, namely trunk injection. Based on the analysis of the existing prevention and control technologies, it is proposed that in the prevention and control measures, the three aspects of disease quarantine, epidemic monitoring, and epidemic wood eradication should be regarded as the core measures for the disease control, whether in areas where the disease has not yet occurred or in areas where it has already occurred. Other prevention and control measures, such as chemical control of vector insects, induction agent control and biological control, can be used as an auxiliary method for the prevention and control of pine wilt disease, selectively and purposefully. The trunk injection can be used in the protection of ancient trees or pine trees in important ecological areas. We must strive to breed local pine species that are resistant to pine wilt disease as soon as possible in a short period of time. This is an important long-term strategy for pine wilt disease prevention and control.

Key words: pine wilt disease(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), current status of prevalence, key links, prevention and control technologies, analysis of countermeasures

中图分类号:

S763.1

叶建仁. 松材线虫病在中国的流行现状、防治技术与对策分析[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(9): 1-10.

Ye Jianren. Epidemic Status of Pine Wilt Disease in China and Its Prevention and Control Techniques and Counter Measures[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55(9): 1-10.

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