林业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (3): 27-37.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240232
收稿日期:
2024-06-26
出版日期:
2025-03-25
发布日期:
2025-03-27
通讯作者:
孙永明
E-mail:1483199397@qq.com
基金资助:
Received:
2024-06-26
Online:
2025-03-25
Published:
2025-03-27
Contact:
Yongming Sun
E-mail:1483199397@qq.com
摘要:
目的: 探究不同起源的油松林中森林可燃物载量的变化规律及其影响因子,为森林可燃物的有效管理及林火预防提供理论依据。方法: 以山西省各林区的油松天然林和人工林为研究对象,在不同郁闭度(0.2~0.9)和林龄的林分内设置53块标准样地,调查乔木层、灌木层、草本层、枯落物层及腐殖质层可燃物载量,并记录样地海拔(701~1 739 m)和相关林分因子。通过多重比较法分析不同类型林分中可燃物载量的差异,比较不同郁闭度下各类可燃物及各龄级林分可燃物载量的差异,并拟合线性回归模型确定森林可燃物载量的关键因子。结果: 1)天然林不同林分的总可燃物载量范围为44.2~182.18 t·hm?2,人工林不同林分的总可燃物载量范围为19.28~214.06 t·hm?2。2)多重分析表明:在各类油松天然林中,乔木层可燃物载量最高,其次是腐殖质层。除低郁闭度的幼龄林外,其他油松人工林也呈现相似的规律。3)在油松天然林中,乔木层、腐殖质层和细小可燃物的载量在不同郁闭度下存在显著差异(P < 0.05),且幼龄林可燃物载量在不同郁闭度下有显著差异(P < 0.05)。油松人工林中,只有乔木层可燃物载量在不同郁闭度下存在显著差异(P < 0.05),其他类型可燃物的载量在不同郁闭度下均无显著差异(P > 0.05),且幼龄林、近熟林和成过熟林可燃物载量均在不同郁闭度下有显著差异(P < 0.05)。4)线性回归结果表明:油松天然林中的森林可燃物载量与林分郁闭度显著负相关(P < 0.05),与海拔显著负相关(P < 0.05)。此外,油松人工林中森林可燃物载量与平均树高(P < 0.05)和林分密度(P < 0.05)显著正相关。结论: 不同起源油松林的森林可燃物载量变化特征及其影响因子存在显著差异,尤其是在不同郁闭度条件下。因此,在调控森林可燃物时,需要根据林分的具体性质制定有针对性措施,从而有效地降低林火风险。
中图分类号:
孙永明,王彬力. 山西不同起源油松林可燃物载量及其影响因子[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(3): 27-37.
Yongming Sun,Binli Wang. Fuel Loadings and Affecting Factors of Pinus tabuliformis Forest of Different Origins in Shanxi[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(3): 27-37.
图1
不同类型可燃物在油松天然林各林分类型中的可燃物载量比较 311120:高郁闭度幼龄林 Young forest with high canopy cover;311220:中郁闭度幼龄林 Young forest with middle canopy cover;311320:低郁闭度幼龄林Young forest with low canopy cover;312120:高郁闭度中龄林 Half-mature forest with high canopy cover;312220:中郁闭度中龄林 Half-mature forest with middle canopy cover;312320:低郁闭度中龄林 Half-mature forest with low canopy cover;313120:高郁闭度近熟林 Near-mature forest with high canopy cover;313220:中郁闭度近熟林 Near-mature forest with high canopy cover. 柱状图上不同字母表示通过Duncan检验确定的显著差异(P<0.05)。Different letters on the histogram indicate significant differences determined by the Duncan test (P<0.05)."
图2
不同类型可燃物在油松人工林各林分类型中的可燃物载量比较 321120:高郁闭度幼龄林 Young forest with high canopy cover;321220:中郁闭度幼龄林 Young forest with middle canopy cover;321320:低郁闭度幼龄林Young forest with low canopy cover;322120:高郁闭度中龄林 Half-mature forest with high canopy cover;322220:中郁闭度中龄林 Half-mature forest with middle canopy cover;322320:低郁闭度中龄林 Half-mature forest with low canopy cover;323120:高郁闭度近熟林 Near-mature forest with high canopy cover;323220:中郁闭度近熟林 Near-mature forest with high canopy cover;324120:高郁闭度成熟林 Mature forest with high canopy cover;324220:中郁闭度成熟林 Mature forest with middle canopy cover;低郁闭度成熟林 Mature forest with low canopy cover. 柱状图上不同字母表示通过Duncan检验确定的显著差异(P<0.05)。Different letters on the histogram indicate significant differences determined by the Duncan test (P<0.05)."
表1
海拔和林分因子对油松天然林可燃物载量的影响的回归分析结果"
预测变量 Predictors | 估计系数 Estimated coefficient | 标准误 Standard error | z值 z value | P值 P value |
截距Intercept | ?20.31 | 62.567 | 0.306 | 0.760 |
郁闭度 Canopy cover | ?55.29 | 52.984 | 0.975 | < 0.001 |
平均树高 Mean tree height | 4.01 | 2.402 | 1.556 | 0.120 |
林分密度 Stand density | 0.89 | 0.199 | 4.16 | 0.330 |
平均胸径Diameter at breast height | 1.39 | 2.234 | 0.579 | 0.563 |
海拔 Altitude | 0.10 | 0.030 | 3.118 | 0.002 |
表2
海拔和林分因子对油松人工林可燃物载量的影响的回归分析结果"
预测变量 Predictors | 估计系数 Estimated coefficient | 标准误 Standard error | z值 z value | P值 P value |
截距 Intercept | ?47.36 | 16.720 | 2.693 | 0.007 |
郁闭度 Canopy cover | 11.91 | 27.144 | 0.417 | 0.676 |
平均树高Mean tree height | 10.92 | 1.757 | 5.915 | < 0.001 |
林分密度Stand density | 0.58 | 0.089 | 6.175 | < 0.001 |
平均胸径 Diameter at breast height | 0.18 | 0.867 | 0.196 | 0.844 |
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