林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (1): 1-11.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210101
杨璐1,2,汪金松2,赵博1,赵秀海1,*
收稿日期:
2019-10-28
出版日期:
2021-01-01
发布日期:
2021-03-10
通讯作者:
赵秀海
基金资助:
Lu Yang1,2,Jinsong Wang2,Bo Zhao1,Xiuhai Zhao1,*
Received:
2019-10-28
Online:
2021-01-01
Published:
2021-03-10
Contact:
Xiuhai Zhao
摘要:
目的: 比较长期施氮下不同氮水平间暖温带油松天然林土壤呼吸速率、自养呼吸速率和异养呼吸速率差异,揭示土壤呼吸各组分变化的主要影响因子,以期为评价区域森林长期施氮对土壤呼吸的影响提供科学依据。方法: 在山西太岳山油松天然林进行10年(2009—2018)的氮添加试验,设置4个氮添加处理:对照(CK,0 kg N·hm-2 a-1)、低氮(LN,50 kg N·hm-2 a-1)、中氮(MN,100 kg N·hm-2 a-1)和高氮(HN,150 kg N·hm-2 a-1),于2016—2018年生长季对土壤呼吸速率、自养呼吸速率和异养呼吸速率进行监测。结果: 在长期(8~10年)施氮下,相比对照,LN、MN和HN处理的年均土壤呼吸速率分别降低21.9%、27.3%和29.1%,年均异养呼吸速率分别降低21.8%、36.6%和31.4%,而土壤自养呼吸速率未改变,土壤pH值下降0.07、0.37、0.78个单位,微生物生物量碳含量下降了11.3%、14.5%、14.7%,但长期施氮未改变土壤有机碳、全氮和细根生物量;异养呼吸速率与土壤微生物生物量碳及自养呼吸速率与细根生物量均呈显著的线性正相关(P<0.01);不同处理下土壤自养呼吸速率和异养呼吸速率与土壤温度均呈显著的指数正相关(P<0.05);长期施氮可提高土壤自养呼吸的温度敏感性(Q10)(CK=2.19、LN=2.90、MN=2.86、HN=2.34),但会降低土壤异养呼吸的Q10值(CK=2.72、LN=2.23、MN=2.12、HN=2.27);土壤呼吸速率与土壤湿度的关系不显著;土壤温度和土壤湿度双因子模型可分别解释自养呼吸速率和异养呼吸速率的28.7%~42.0%(P<0.05)和64.9%~78.1%(P<0.001)。结论: 长期施肥未明显改变土壤自养呼吸速率。长期施氮通过抑制土壤异养呼吸使土壤总呼吸降低。长期氮添加对自养呼吸和异养呼吸Q10的影响不一致,而呼吸底物的可利用性和土壤微生物活性的变化是主要因素。为提高土壤呼吸及其组分预测模型的精度,应综合考虑细根生物量及呼吸底物的长期变化。
中图分类号:
杨璐,汪金松,赵博,赵秀海. 长期施氮对暖温带油松林土壤呼吸及其组分的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(1): 1-11.
Lu Yang,Jinsong Wang,Bo Zhao,Xiuhai Zhao. Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Application on Soil Respiration and Its Components in Warm-Temperate Forest of Pinus tabulaeformis[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(1): 1-11.
表1
各处理油松天然林样地主要林分特征和土壤(0~10 cm)性质"
处理 Treatment | 林龄 Forest age/a | 密度 Density/hm-2 | 平均胸径 Mean DBH/cm | 海拔 Elevation/m | 土壤 pHSoil pH | 有机碳含量 Orgnic carbon content/(g·kg-1) | 全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/(g·kg-1) |
CK | 80 | 1 267 | 25.2 | 1 680 | 6.91 | 30.75 | 1.17 |
LN | 80 | 1 567 | 24.6 | 1 680 | 6.79 | 31.57 | 1.37 |
MN | 80 | 1 208 | 24.1 | 1 680 | 6.86 | 32.45 | 1.34 |
HN | 80 | 1 225 | 23.9 | 1 680 | 6.61 | 29.04 | 1.35 |
表2
土壤呼吸速率、异养呼吸速率、自养呼吸速率和土壤温湿度的重复测量方差分析F值①"
项目 Item | df | 土壤呼吸速率 Soil respirationrate | 异养呼吸速率 Heterotrophic respirationrate | 自养呼吸速率 Autotrophic respirationrate | 切根 Trenched | 不切根 Untrenched | |||
温度 Temperature | 湿度 Moisture | 温度 Temperature | 湿度 Moisture | ||||||
月份Month | 16 | 0.934 | 11.515*** | 15.336*** | 0.152 | 10.511*** | 0.252 | 4.105* | |
氮处理Nitrogen treatment | 3 | 7.098*** | 10.143*** | 1.245 | 0.025 | 1.83 | 0.161 | 1.754 | |
月份×氮处理Month×nitrogen treatment | 48 | 4.658*** | 11.726*** | 6.986*** | 0.075 | 5.425*** | 0.196 | 2.733* |
表3
自养呼吸速率和异养呼吸速率与土壤温湿度的拟合关系"
模型 Model | 参数 Parameter | 自养呼吸速率Autotrophic respiration rate | 异养呼吸速率Heterotrophic respiration rate | |||||||
CK | LN | MN | HN | CK | LN | MN | HN | |||
R=a1eb1T | a1 | 0.310 | 0.164 | 0.207 | 0.214 | 0.494 | 0.522 | 0.455 | 0.431 | |
b1 | 0.078 | 0.107 | 0.105 | 0.085 | 0.100 | 0.080 | 0.075 | 0.082 | ||
P | <0.05 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.01 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
R2 | 0.197 | 0.390 | 0.396 | 0.329 | 0.701 | 0.767 | 0.630 | 0.733 | ||
Q10 | 2.190 | 2.901 | 2.858 | 2.340 | 2.724 | 2.226 | 2.123 | 2.270 | ||
R=a2+b2W | a2 | 0.858 | 1.266 | 1.546 | 0.168 | 2.626 | 1.673 | 1.681 | 2.673 | |
b2 | -0.001 | -0.022 | -0.029 | 0.018 | -0.026 | -0.007 | -0.018 | -0.048 | ||
P | 0.982 | 0.219 | 0.366 | 0.158 | 0.367 | 0.673 | 0.182 | <0.01 | ||
R2 | 0.001 | 0.022 | 0.012 | 0.029 | 0.012 | 0.003 | 0.026 | 0.136 | ||
R=a3eb3TWc | a3 | 1.661 | 0.509 | 4.301 | 0.008 | 0.219 | 0.254 | 0.222 | 0.362 | |
b3 | 0.101 | 0.104 | 0.101 | 0.083 | 0.103 | 0.082 | 0.078 | 0.083 | ||
c | -2.491 | -0.333 | -0.916 | 1.021 | 0.232 | 0.208 | 0.208 | 0.049 | ||
P | <0.05 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.01 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
R2 | 0.287 | 0.420 | 0.374 | 0.399 | 0.716 | 0.781 | 0.649 | 0.745 |
表4
长期施氮对油松林土壤化学性质、细根生物量、凋落物氮磷含量和细根氮磷含量的影响①"
项目Item | CK | LN | MN | HN |
土壤pH Soil pH | 6.36±0.20a | 6.29±0.19ab | 5.99±0.19ab | 5.58±0.48b |
土壤有机碳含量Soil organic carbon content/(g·kg -1) | 32.59±4.01a | 33.48±3.21a | 37.02±3.99a | 35.86±6.34a |
土壤全氮含量Soil total nitrogen content/(g·kg -1) | 1.61±0.21a | 1.79±0.16a | 2.01±0.08a | 1.84±0.22a |
土壤全磷含量Soil total phosphorus content/(g·kg -1) | 0.27±0.08a | 0.30±0.04a | 0.33±0.07a | 0.30±0.05a |
土壤微生物生物量碳含量Soil microbial biomass carbon content/(mg·kg -1) | 498.28±24.39a | 442.08±14.62b | 426.22±33.93b | 425.02±17.34b |
细根生物量Fine root biomass/(g·m -2) | 85.88±7.60a | 89.14±10.39a | 88.33±9.67a | 81.00±8.82a |
凋落物氮含量Litter nitrogen content/(g·kg -1) | 1.61±0.05a | 1.61±0.07a | 1.55±0.07a | 1.44±0.09a |
凋落物磷含量Litter phosphorus content/(g·kg -1) | 0.22±0.02a | 0.26±0.03a | 0.27±0.02a | 0.21±0.02a |
细根氮含量Fine root nitrogen content/(g·kg -1) | 1.38±0.26a | 1.35±0.03a | 1.80±0.12a | 1.97±0.18a |
细根磷含量Fine root phosphorus content/(g·kg -1) | 2.73±0.10a | 3.17±0.01a | 3.07±0.27a | 2.94±0.28a |
表5
长期施氮后土壤呼吸及其组分与土壤化学性质、细根生物量、凋落物氮磷含量和细根氮磷含量的Pearson相关分析①"
项目Item | 土壤呼吸速率Soil respiration rate | 异养呼吸速率Heterotrophic respiration rate | 自养呼吸速率Autotrophic respiration rate |
土壤pH Soil pH | 0.55 | 0.42 | 0.47 |
土壤有机碳含量Soil organic carbon content | 0.32 | 0.01 | 0.52 |
土壤全氮含量Soil total nitrogen content | 0.20 | -0.19 | 0.57 |
土壤全磷含量Soil total phosphorus content | 0.35 | 0.24 | 0.33 |
土壤微生物生物量碳含量Soil microbial biomass carbon content | 0.79 ** | 0.78 ** | 0.45 |
细根生物量Fine root biomass | 0.53 | 0.14 | 0.76 ** |
凋落物氮含量Litter nitrogen content | 0.62 * | 0.48 | 0.52 |
凋落物磷含量Litter phosphorus content | 0.18 | -0.13 | 0.44 |
细根氮含量Fine root nitrogen content | -0.21 | -0.50 | 0.22 |
细根磷含量Fine root phosphorus content | -0.13 | -0.20 | 0.01 |
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