林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (9): 1-12.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210901
张晓文1,于青军2,罗桂生1,贾茜1,吴丹妮1,贾忠奎1,*
收稿日期:
2019-10-18
出版日期:
2021-09-25
发布日期:
2021-11-29
通讯作者:
贾忠奎
基金资助:
Xiaowen Zhang1,Qingjun Yu2,Guisheng Luo1,Xi Jia1,Danni Wu1,Zhongkui Jia1,*
Received:
2019-10-18
Online:
2021-09-25
Published:
2021-11-29
Contact:
Zhongkui Jia
摘要:
目的: 对河北省平泉市油松人工林进行立地类型划分和立地质量评价,并将立地质量分级,以期筛选出适合培育油松建筑材林的林地。方法: 以河北平泉油松人工林为研究对象,基于92块固定样地数据和42株解析木数据,采用主导因子分析法筛选主导因子,并划分立地类型。采用相对优势高法编制立地指数表,根据立地指数表进行立地质量评价。选取林龄、密度一致,立地质量不同的9块样地,伐取优势木,分析油松木材物理力学性质。结果: 由平泉油松人工林立地类型分布图可知,中土层油松人工林最多,占油松人工林总面积的65.5%,薄土层次之,占油松人工林总面积的27.9%,厚土层最少,占油松人工林总面积的6.6%;阴坡油松人工林分布较多,占油松人工林总面积的76.6%,阳坡分布较少,占油松人工林总面积的23.4%。由立地指数分布图知,立地指数为9、10的地块占地面积14 277.665 hm2,占总面积的28.1%;立地指数为6、7、8的地块占地面积33 648.51 hm2,占总面积的66.1%;立地指数为4、5的地块占地面积2 973.63 hm2,仅占总面积的5.8%。结论: 河北平泉地区立地质量处于中等偏上水平,适合培育油松建筑材林,黄土梁子镇和柳溪满族乡为最佳地点。
中图分类号:
张晓文,于青军,罗桂生,贾茜,吴丹妮,贾忠奎. 平泉油松建筑材林立地类型划分及立地质量评价[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(9): 1-12.
Xiaowen Zhang,Qingjun Yu,Guisheng Luo,Xi Jia,Danni Wu,Zhongkui Jia. Site Classification and Site Quality Evaluation of Pinus tabulaeformis Plantation for Construction Timber in Pingquan, Hebei Province[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(9): 1-12.
表1
优势木平均高特征"
龄阶 Age class/a | 样地数量 Number of plot | 平均年龄 Mean age/a | 平均树高 Mean tree height/m | SD | 3倍标准差上限 Upper limit of the 3 times SD | 3倍标准差下限 Lower limit of the 3 times SD |
15~20 | 3 | 16.33 | 6.74 | 2.45 | 14.07 | -0.60 |
21~25 | 7 | 22.86 | 8.22 | 2.15 | 14.68 | 1.76 |
26~30 | 7 | 28.29 | 8.73 | 2.54 | 16.36 | 1.10 |
31~35 | 13 | 33.23 | 10.28 | 2.19 | 16.84 | 3.72 |
36~40 | 21 | 37.71 | 11.00 | 2.42 | 18.27 | 3.73 |
41~45 | 13 | 43.15 | 11.28 | 2.33 | 18.27 | 4.29 |
46~50 | 8 | 48.00 | 11.24 | 3.15 | 20.68 | 1.80 |
51~55 | 15 | 52.73 | 13.17 | 2.30 | 20.07 | 6.28 |
56~60 | 5 | 56.60 | 13.38 | 1.10 | 16.69 | 10.07 |
表2
立地因子分级赋值"
项目 Item | 赋值Assignment | |||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
坡度Slope | ≤5 | 6~15 | 16~25 | 26~35 | 36~45 | ≥46 |
阴坡(北、东、东北、西北) | 阳坡(南、西、西南、东南) | |||||
坡向Slope direction | Shady slope(north, east, northeast, northwest) | Sunny slope(south, west, southwest, southeast) | ||||
土层厚度Soil thickness/cm | ≤30 | 31~59 | ≥60 | |||
腐殖质厚度Humus thickness/cm | ≤10 | 11~19 | ≥20 | |||
凋落物厚度Litter thickness/cm | ≤5 | 6~10 | ≥10 |
表3
立地因子与优势木平均高的相关性"
立地因子 Site factor | 平方和 Sum of square | 自由度 df | 均方 Mean square | F | Pr>F |
坡度Slope | 5.307 275 | 5 | 1.061 455 | 0.502 718 | 0.681 877 |
坡向Slope | 32.955 039 | 1 | 32.955 039 | 15.607 910 | 0.000 211 |
土层厚度Soil thickness | 25.259 132 | 2 | 12.629 566 | 5.981 517 | 0.004 312 |
腐殖质厚度Humus thickness | 4.118 226 | 2 | 2.059 113 | 0.975 221 | 0.440 489 |
凋落物厚度Litter thickness | 10.461 928 | 2 | 5.230 964 | 2.477 449 | 0.070 057 |
残差Residual | 168.914 560 | 80 | 2.111 432 | ||
模型Model | 168.350 149 | 11 | 15.304 559 | 7.248 427 | 0.000 000 |
校正值Correction value | 337.264 709 | 91 | |||
截距Intercept | 6 177.125 633 | 1 | |||
合计Total | 6 514.390 342 | 92 |
表4
导向曲线拟合公式及其参数①"
公式Equation | 表达式Expression | R2 | a | b | c | m |
线性Linear | H=a+bA | 0.824 | 1.935 | 0.217 | ||
双曲线Inverse | H=a+b/A | 0.782 | 18.345 | -219.996 | ||
对数曲线Logarithmic curve | H=a+blgA | 0.806 | -4.520 | 9.690 | ||
抛物线Quadratic | H=a+bA+cA2 | 0.836 | 2.109 | 0.208 | ||
理查兹Rachards | H=a(1-be-cA)1/(1-m) | 0.785 | 10.108 | 1.235 | 0.002 00 | -1.72 |
单分子型Mitscherlich | H=a+be-cA | 0.723 | 228.118 | -226.368 | 1.000 25 | |
逻辑斯特曲线Logistic curve | H=a/(1+be-cA) | 0.773 | 13.387 | 8.482 | 9.182 34 | |
幂函数曲线Power curve | H=aAb | 0.855 | 0.524 | 0.815 | ||
等比级数曲线Growth curve | H=e(a+bA) | 0.809 | 1.522 | 0.200 | ||
指数曲线Exponential curve | H=aebA | 0.809 | 4.582 | 0.200 |
表6
平泉油松人工林立地指数表(A0=20年)"
龄阶 Age class/a | 立地指数Site index | ||||||
4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
15~20 | 2.4~3.2 | 3.3~4.0 | 4.1~4.7 | 4.8~5.5 | 5.6~6.3 | 6.4~7.1 | 7.2~7.9 |
21~25 | 3.0~4.0 | 4.1~5.0 | 5.1~6.0 | 6.1~7.0 | 7.1~8.0 | 8.1~9.0 | 9.1~10.0 |
26~30 | 3.6~4.8 | 4.9~6.0 | 6.1~7.2 | 7.3~8.4 | 8.5~9.6 | 9.7~10.8 | 10.9~12.0 |
31~35 | 4.2~5.6 | 5.7~7.0 | 7.1~8.3 | 8.4~9.7 | 9.8~11.1 | 11.2~12.5 | 12.6~13.9 |
36~40 | 4.7~6.3 | 6.4~7.9 | 8.0~9.5 | 9.6~11 | 11.1~12.6 | 12.7~14.2 | 14.3~15.8 |
41~45 | 5.3~7.0 | 7.1~8.8 | 8.9~10.6 | 10.7~12.3 | 12.4~14.1 | 14.2~15.8 | 15.9~17.6 |
46~50 | 5.8~7.7 | 7.8~9.7 | 9.8~11.6 | 11.7~13.6 | 13.7~15.5 | 15.6~17.4 | 17.5~19.4 |
51~55 | 6.3~8.4 | 8.5~10.6 | 10.7~12.7 | 12.8~14.8 | 14.9~16.9 | 17.0~19.0 | 19.1~21.1 |
56~60 | 6.8~9.1 | 9.2~11.4 | 11.5~13.7 | 13.8~16.0 | 16.1~18.2 | 18.3~20.5 | 20.6~22.8 |
表8
优势木平均高和林分平均高曲线拟合参数"
曲线名称Curve name | R2 | a | b | c | d |
直线型Linear | 0.808 | 3.269 33 | 0.927 24 | ||
二次曲线型Quadratic curve | 0.833 | 0.512 26 | 1.563 74 | -0.034 67 | |
三次曲线型Cubic curve | 0.822 | 11.916 17 | -2.517 01 | 0.428 87 | -0.016 80 |
对数曲线型Logarithmic curve | 0.806 | -5.773 00 | 8.025 00 | ||
幂函数型Power curve | 0.812 | 2.451 54 | 0.710 79 | ||
S型曲线Serpentine curve | 0.815 | 3.098 00 | -5.616 00 | ||
复合函数型Compound | 0.827 | 5.481 00 | 1.085 00 | ||
指数曲线型Exponential curve | 0.827 | 5.481 00 | 0.081 00 | ||
逻辑斯特曲线型Logistic curve | 0.818 | 0.182 00 | 0.922 00 |
表9
各立地质量样地木材物理力学性质①"
项目 Item | 立地质量 Site quality | 最小值 Min. | 最大值 Max. | 均值 Mean | SD |
体积干缩率 Volume shrinkage rate(%) | 差Bad | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.097±0.002a | 0.014 |
中Medium | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.113±0.003b | 0.003 | |
优Good | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.125±0.010c | 0.010 | |
抗弯弹性模量 Bending elastic modulus/GPa | 差Bad | 7.08 | 9.44 | 10.270±0.410a | 1.820 |
中Medium | 9.44 | 17.12 | 13.520±0.430b | 1.980 | |
优Good | 8.76 | 16.73 | 13.790±0.490b | 2.170 | |
抗弯强度 Bending strength/MPa | 差Bad | 64.40 | 119.60 | 98.610±3.260a | 14.600 |
中Medium | 50.20 | 126.80 | 103.060±3.420a | 15.680 | |
优Good | 82.30 | 149.70 | 119.940±4.120b | 18.000 | |
顺纹抗压强度 Backward compressive strength/MPa | 差Bad | 47.89 | 63.88 | 56.623±1.578a | 5.906 |
中Medium | 40.59 | 66.42 | 57.113±1.301a | 5.964 | |
优Good | 68.57 | 87.30 | 78.612±0.979b | 4.485 |
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