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林业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7): 95-104.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20190710

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

昆嵛山赤松纯林赤枯病特征及与林分因子的关系

胡瑞瑞1, 梁军1,2, 谢宪1, 黄咏槐1, 王俊2, 苑晓雯2, 张英军2, 张星耀1,2   

  1. 1. 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所 国家林业局森林保护学重点实验室 北京 100091;
    2. 昆嵛山森林生态系统定位研究站 烟台 264100
  • 收稿日期:2018-05-31 修回日期:2018-12-19 出版日期:2019-07-25 发布日期:2019-08-16
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0600104);山东昆仑山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站运行补助(2019132127);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2019SY023-02);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31270682)。

The Characteristics of Needle Blight of Pure Pinus densiflora Forests in Kunyushan Mountains and Its Relationship with Forest Factors

Hu Ruirui1, Liang Jun1,2, Xie Xian1, Huang Yonghuai1, Wang Jun2, Yuan Xiaowen2, Zhang Yingjun2, Zhang Xingyao1,2   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of State Forestry Administration Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091;
    2. Kunyushan Forest Ecosystem Research Station Shandong Province Yantai 264100
  • Received:2018-05-31 Revised:2018-12-19 Online:2019-07-25 Published:2019-08-16

摘要: [目的]解析和定量评价林分因子对赤松赤枯病发生(发病率和病情指数)的影响,为昆嵛山赤松纯林的营林措施和赤枯病的预防提供理论指导。[方法]在昆嵛山区域选取林龄相对一致(约34年)的赤松纯林为研究对象,调查林分密度、郁闭度、树高、枝下高、胸径和冠幅6个林分因子及赤枯病的发病率和病情指数,采用方差分析、相关性分析和多重比较分析各项林分因子与赤松赤枯病之间的关系,并通过冗余分析得影响赤枯病发生的关键因子。[结果]赤枯病在赤松林中普遍发生,发病样地占调查样地的96.3%。整体上,高密度林(2956~4089株·hm-2)的发病率和病情指数显著高于低密度林(688~1822株·hm-2)和中密度林(1823~2955株·hm-2)的发病率和病情指数;疏林(郁闭度<30%)的发病率和病情指数显著低于中疏林(郁闭度30%~70%)和密林(郁闭度>70%)的发病率和病情指数;在不同的树高、枝下高、冠幅和胸径分组中,发病率和病情指数均随着分组值的增大而减小。相关性分析表明:林分密度对赤枯病发病率和病情指数的影响均达到极显著正相关水平(r=0.761,P<0.01;r=0.748,P<0.01);赤枯病的发病率和病情指数也均受到郁闭度的极显著影响(r=0.509,P<0.01;r=0.442,P<0.01);二者与树高均呈极显著正相关(r=-0.443,P<0.01;r=-0.362,P<0.01);赤枯病的发病率和病情指数均随枝下高的增大而极显著减小(r=-0.460,P<0.01;r=-0.419,P<0.01);二者与胸径均呈负相关关系,且相关性极显著(r=-0.425,P<0.01;r=-0.373,P<0.01);随着冠幅的增大,林木发病率和病情指数均极显著降低(r=-0.345,P<0.01;r=-0.381,P<0.01)。冗余分析证明林分密度和枝下高对赤枯病发生的贡献最大。[结论]松赤枯病在昆嵛山区域发生较普遍但不严重,其发病率和病情指数在不同林分因子分组中均有差异,且均受各林分因子极显著影响。RDA分析证明,林分密度和枝下高对松赤枯病影响最显著,建议对昆嵛山区域赤松纯林赤枯病的防治工作要以重要因子为主要调控对象,进行合理修剪和间伐。

关键词: 昆嵛山, 赤松纯林, 赤枯病, 发病率, 病情指数, 林分因子

Abstract: [Objective] The purpose of this paper was to analyze and evaluate the effect of forest factors on the occurrence of pine needle blight (DI and DSI) quantitatively, thus to provide theoretical guidance for the forest management and prevention of the pine needle blight in pure forests of Kunyushan Mountains.[Method] Pinus densiflora pure forests with relatively consistent forest age (about 34 a) were targeted as the research object in Kunyushan Mountains. Six forest indexes, including forest density, canopy cover, tree height, height under branch, diameter at breast height (DBH) and crown cover, as well as the disease incidence (DI) and disease severity index (DSI) of the pine needle blight were investigated. Variance analysis, correlation analysis and multiple comparisons were used to analyze the relationship between forest factors and pine needle blight. The key factors affecting the occurrence of needle blight were obtained by redundancy analysis.[Result] Pine needle blight was prevalent in P. densiflora forests, with 96.3% of the sample plots being infected. Overall, the DI and DSI in high density forests (2 956~4 089 tree·hm-2) were significantly higher than low density forests (688~1 822 tree·hm-2) and middle density forests (1 823~2 955 tree·hm-2). DI and DSI in low canopy cover forests (< 30%) were significantly lower than that of middle canopy cover forests (30%-70%) and high canopy cover forests (> 70%). In different groups of tree height, height under branch, crown cover and DBH, the DI and DSI decreased with the increase of group values. Results from regression analysis and multiple comparisons showed that forest density affected disease incidence (DI) and disease severity index (DSI) positively and significantly (r=0.761, P< 0.01; r=0.748, P < 0.01). The disease incidence and disease severity index were affected by canopy cover significantly and positively (r=0.509, P < 0.01; r=0.442,P < 0.01). Tree height had significant influence on the disease incidence and disease severity index (r =-0.443, P<0.01; r =-0.362, P <0.01). The disease incidence and disease severity index decreased with the increase of the height under branch significantly (r =-0.460,P <0.01;r =-0.419,P <0.01). They also were negatively correlated with diameter at breast height, and the correlation was extremely significant (r=-0.425, P<0.01; r=-0.373, P<0.01). The disease incidence and disease severity index decreased significantly with the increase of crown cover (r=-0.345, P<0.01; r=-0.381, P<0.01). Redundancy analysis proved that forest density and height under branches contributed the most to occurrence of pine needle blight.[Conclusion] The occurrence of pine needle blight is relatively common but not serious in Kunyushan Mountains region. The disease incidence and disease severity index are different in different forest factors groups, and they are highly significantly influenced by the forest factors. RDA analysis shows that forest density and height under branch have the most significant impact on pine needle blight. It is suggested that the control of needle blight in pure Pinus densiflora forests in Kunyushan Mountains should be controlled mainly by important factors by conducting reasonable pruning and thinning.

Key words: Kunyushan Mountains, Pinus densiftora pure forests, pine needle blight, disease incidence, disease severity index, stand factors

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