基于林分内部状态与邻域环境的油松林稳定性评价

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210908

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 构建林分内部状态与邻域环境相结合的林分稳定性综合评价方法，为林分经营和可持续管理提供理论依据。方法: 在北京、陕西、甘肃和山西等油松分布较广且具有代表性的区域设置油松林固定样地，使用全站仪对样地内胸高直径大于5 cm的林木进行每木定位，调查林分组成、结构、更新特征和相邻环境类型，采用单位圆法分析林分内部状态特征；基于林分空间结构分析"结构单元"原理，定义邻域环境指数(NEI)。将林分内部状态与邻域环境评价方法整合，提出林分稳定性综合评价方法，并应用该方法评价不同类型油松林的稳定性。结果: 林分内部状态单位圆分析结果表明，甘肃小陇山天然油松林内部状态最好，其次为山西运城中条山天然油松林、陕西铜川玉华宫天然油松林、山西太原东山人工油松林和北京九龙山人工油松林，林分内部状态值(FIS)分别为0.605、0.515、0.479、0.453和0.311；甘肃小陇山天然油松林NEI最高(0.75)，其次为陕西铜川玉华宫天然油松林(0.40)，山西运城中条山天然油松林和北京九龙山人工油松林NEI均为0.25，山西太原东山人工油松林为负效应(-0.25)。林分稳定性综合评价指数(FCS)天然林高于人工林，其中，甘肃小陇山天然油松林的稳定性最高(0.653)，山西太原东山人工油松林的稳定性最差(0.235)，其他林分类型的稳定性介于二者之间。结论: 基于林分内部状态与邻域环境的林分稳定性综合评价方法既可表达林分内部状态特征的差异，也可体现邻域环境对林分稳定性的影响，并能够明确反映出天然林林分稳定性高于人工林的一般规律，评价结果更加清晰、直观，为林分稳定性评价提供了一种新思路，对森林可持续经营具有一定指导意义。

关键词: 林分内部状态, 林分邻域环境, 稳定性, 综合评价方法, 油松

Abstract:

Objective: A comprehensive evaluation method of forest community stability based on stand internal status and neighborhood environment was established to provide enlightenment for the evaluation of stand stability. Method: Fixed sample plots were set up in Beijing, Shaanxi, Gansu and Shanxi where are the representative areas and widely distributed of Pinus tabulaeformis forest. The total station was used to locate the trees with breast height greater than 5 cm, and the composition, structure, regeneration characteristics and adjacent environment types of the stand were investigated, and the unit circle analysis method was used to analyze the characteristics of stand internal status. Based on the principle of structural unit, the concept of neighborhood environmental index(NEI) was defined. Then, a comprehensive evaluation method of stand stability based on the combination of stand internal state evaluation and NEI was established, and the stability of different types of Pinus tabulaeformis stands was evaluated by this method. Result: The results of unit circle analysis showed that the internal status of natural Pinus tabulaeformis stands in Xiaolongshan of Gansu Province was the best, followed by the natural stands of Zhongtiao Mountain, Yuncheng of Shanxi Province, Yuhuagong in Tongchuan of Shaanxi Province, Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in Dongshan, Taiyuan of Shanxi Province and Jiulongshan of Beijing, the value of forest internal state(FIS) were 0.605, 0.515, 0.479, 0.453 and 0.311, respectively. The highest NEI was Xiaolongshan natural Pinus tabulaeformis forest in Gansu Province, followed by Yuhuagong natural stand in Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province, with values of 0.75 and 0.40, respectively; the values of NEI of natural Pinus tabulaeformis forest in Zhongtiao Mountain of Shanxi Province and Jiulongshan plantation of Beijing were both 0.25, while that of Taiyuan artificial Pinus tabulaeformis stand was negative, with the value of -0.25. The comprehensive evaluation index(FCS) of stand stability of natural forest was higher than that of artificial forest. The stability of natural forest of Pinus tabulaeformis in Xiaolongshan of Gansu Province is the highest, and that of Dongshan plantation of Taiyuan was the lowest, with FCS values of 0.653 and 0.235, respectively. Conclusion: The comprehensive evaluation method based on the stand internal status and neighborhood environment could not only express the differences of the state characteristics within the stand, but also reflect the influences of the neighborhood environments on the stability, and could clearly reflect the general rule that the stability of natural forest is higher than that of artificial forest, and the evaluation results are more clear and intuitive, which provides a new idea for the stability evaluation of forest stand and has a certain guiding significance for sustainable forest management.

Key words: stand internal status, neighborhood environment, stand stability, comprehensive evaluation method, Pinus tabulaeformis

中图分类号:

S750

刘文桢,袁一超,张连金,赵中华. 基于林分内部状态与邻域环境的油松林稳定性评价[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(9): 76-86.

Wenzhen Liu,Yichao Yuan,Lianjin Zhang,Zhonghua Zhao. Stability Evaluation of Pinus tabulaeformis Forest Based on Its Internal Status and Neighborhood Environment[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(9): 76-86.

图/表 8

表1

研究区基本概况"

研究区Study area	地理位置Location	海拔Altitude/m	气候区Climate zone	土壤类型Soil type	主要树种Main tree species
北京九龙山Jiulongshan of Beijing	39°54′48″N 115°59′25″E	100~997	暖温带大陆东岸半湿润季风气候区Semi humid monsoon climate zone on the east coast of warm temperate continent	山地褐土Mountain cinnamon soil	油松Pinus tabulaeformis、侧柏Platycladus orientalis、华北落叶松Larix principis-rupprechtii、栓皮栎Quercus variabilis、白蜡Fraxinus chinensis、色木槭Acer mono、黄栌Cotinus coggygria
山西太原东山森林公园Dongshan Forest Park of Taiyuan, Shanxi	37°52′43″N 112°39′44″E	800~1 670	温带大陆性季风气候区Temperate continental monsoon climate zone	山地褐土Mountain cinnamon soil	油松Pinus tabulaeformis、侧柏Platycladus orientalis、杨Populus、垂柳Salix babylonica、榆Ulmus pumila
山西运城中条山国有林管理局泗交林场Sijiao Forest Farm，Zhongtiaoshan State Owned Forest Administration of Yuncheng, Shanxi	35°5′53″N 111°24′38″E	400~1 630	大陆性半湿润季风气候区Continental semi humid monsoon climate zone	山地褐土Mountain cinnamon soil	油松Pinus tabulaeformis、栓皮栎Quercus variabilis、华山松Pinus armandii、槲栎Quercus aliena
陕西铜川玉华宫自然风景保护区Yuhuagong Nature Reserve of Tongchuan, Shaanxi	35°19′19″N 108°54′8″E	1 360~1 470	暖温带半湿润季风气候区Warm temperate semi humid monsoon climate zone	灰褐色森林土Taupe forest soil	油松Pinus tabulaeformis、青桐Firmiana platanifolia、漆树Toxicodendron succedaneum、甘肃山楂Cartaegus kansuensis、辽东栎Quercus liaotungensis
甘肃小陇山林业保护中心百花林场Baihua Forest Farm of Xiaolongshan Forestry Protection Center, Gansu	34°16′23″N 106°26′43″E	1 345~1 717	暖温带向北亚热带过渡地带气候区Climate zone of transition zone from warm temperate zone to north subtropical zone	褐色森林土Brown forest soil	油松Pinus tabulaeformis、槲栎Quercus aliena、白桦Betula platyphylla、青榨槭Acer davidii、华山松Pinus armandii、鄂椴Tilia oliveri、漆树Toxicodendron succedaneum

表1

表2

表3

表4

图1

表5

表6

图2

参考文献 0

	党承林. 植物群落的冗余结构——对生态系统稳定性的一种解释. 生态学报, 1998, 18 (6): 665- 672.
	Dang C L . Redundancy structure in phytocoenosiums as an explanation of ecosystem stability. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1998, 18 (6): 665- 672.
	冯耀宗. 人工生态系统稳定性概念及其指标. 生态学杂志, 2002, 21 (5): 58- 60. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4890.2002.05.013
	Feng Y Z . Concept and criteria of stabilty for managed ecosystem. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2002, 21 (5): 58- 60. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4890.2002.05.013
	高润梅, 石晓东, 郭跃东. 山西文峪河上游河岸林群落稳定性评价. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36 (6): 25- 37.
	Gao R M , Shi X D , Guo Y D . Community stability evaluation of riparian forest of the upper reaches of Wenyuhe in Shanxi. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36 (6): 25- 37.
	龚俊杰, 杨华, 邓华锋, 等. 北京明长城森林景观空间结构的分形特征及稳定性. 北京林业大学学报, 2014, 36 (6): 54- 59.
	Gong J J , Yang H , Deng H F , et al. Fractal characteristics and stability of spatial structure of forest landscape along the Ming Great Wall in Beijing. Journal of Beijing forestry University, 2014, 36 (6): 54- 59.
	郭其强, 张文辉, 曹旭平. 基于模糊综合评判的森林群落稳定性评价体系模型构建. 林业科学, 2009, 45 (10): 19- 24.
	Guo Q Q , Zhang W H , Cao X P , et al. Establishment of an evaluation model of the forest community stability based on fuzzy synthetic evaluation. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2009, 45 (10): 19- 24.
	郭垚鑫. 2013. 秦岭山地红桦林群落的稳定性及其维持机制研究. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学博士学位论文.
	Guo Y X. 2013. Characteristics and stability of Batula albosinensis communities in Qinling Mountains. Yangling: PhD thesis of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University. [in Chinese]
	惠刚盈, von GadowK, 胡艳波. 林分空间结构参数角尺度的标准角选择. 林业科学研究, 2004, 17 (6): 687- 692. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-1498.2004.06.001
	Hui G Y , von Gadow K , Hu Y B . The optimum standard angle of the uniform angle index. Forest Research, 2004, 17 (6): 687- 692. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-1498.2004.06.001
	惠刚盈, 张弓乔, 赵中华, 等. 天然混交林最优林分状态的π值法则. 林业科学, 2016a, 52 (5): 1- 8.
	Hui G Y , Zhang G Q , Zhao Z H , et al. A new rule of π value of natural mixed forest optimal stand state. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2016a, 52 (5): 1- 8.
	惠刚盈, 张连金, 胡艳波, 等. 林分拥挤度及其应用. 北京林业大学学报, 2016b, 38 (10): 1- 6.
	Hui G Y , Zhang L J , Hu Y B , et al. Stand crowding degree and its application. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2016b, 38 (10): 1- 6.
	刘瑞红, 惠刚盈, 张岗岗, 等. 用潜在疏密度评价林分长势. 北京林业大学学报, 2019, 41 (8): 13- 18.
	Liu R H , Hui G Y , Zhang G G , et al. Evaluating stand growth state by potential density of stocking. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2019, 41 (8): 13- 18.
	马风云. 2002. 生态系统稳定性若干问题研究评述. 中国沙漠, 22(4): 401-407.
	Ma F Y. 2002. Research advances on ecosystem stability. Journal of Desert Research, 22(4): 401-407. [in Chinese]
	马姜明, 李昆. 森林生态系统稳定性研究的现状与趋势. 世界林业研究, 2004, 17 (1): 15- 19. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4241.2004.01.004
	Ma J M , Li K . Current situation of research and prospects on forest ecosystem stability. World Forestry Research, 2004, 17 (1): 15- 19. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4241.2004.01.004
	彭少麟. 森林群落稳定性与动态测度——年龄结构分析. 广西植物, 1987, 7 (1): 67- 72.
	Peng S L . Measurement of the stability and the developments of forest communities-analysis on age structure. Guihaia, 1987, 7 (1): 67- 72.
	任平, 洪步庭, 程武学, 等. 长江上游森林生态系统稳定性评价与空间分异特征. 地理研究, 2013, 32 (6): 1017- 1024.
	Ren P , Hong B T , Chen W X , et al. Stability evaluation of forest ecosystem and study of spatial differential features in the upper Yangtze River. Geographical Research, 2013, 32 (6): 1017- 1024.
	宋启亮, 董希斌. 大兴安岭不同类型低质林群落稳定性的综合评价. 林业科学, 2014, 50 (6): 10- 17.
	Song Q L , Dong X B . Comprehensive evaluation of forest community stability of different types of low-quality forest stands in the Greater Higgnan Mountains. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2014, 50 (6): 10- 17.
	宋永昌. 植被生态学. 上海: 华东师范大学出版社, 2001, 116
	Song Y C . Vegetation ecology. Shanghai: East China Normal University Press, 2001, 116
	王建新. 谈谈内因和外因在事物发展过程中的作用关系. 内蒙古师范大学学报: 哲学社会科学版, 1990, (1): 53- 56.
	Wang J X . The relationship between internal and external factors in the development of things. Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University: Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition, 1990, (1): 53- 56.
	王露露. 2013. 陕北黄土区主要人工乔木林群落稳定性研究. 北京: 北京林业大学硕士学位论文.
	Wang L L. 2013. The study of community stability of main type plantations in northern Shaanxi Loess area. Beijing: MS thesis of Beijing Forestry University. [in Chinese]
	吴刚, 冯宗炜. 中国油松林群落特征及生物量的研究. 生态学报, 1994, 12 (4): 415- 422. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.1994.04.005
	Wu G , Feng Z W . Study on the social characteristics and biomass of the Pinus tabulaeformis forest systems in China. Acta Ecologica Snica, 1994, 12 (4): 415- 422. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.1994.04.005
	吴明作, 刘玉萃. 栓皮栎种群数量动态的谱分析与稳定性. 生态学杂志, 2000, 19 (4): 23- 26. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4890.2000.04.005
	Wu M Z , Liu Y C . Spectral analysis of dynamics and stability of Quercus variabilis population. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2000, 19 (4): 23- 26. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4890.2000.04.005
	邢存旺, 黄选瑞, 李玉灵, 等. 黄羊滩人工固沙林生态稳定性评价. 林业科学, 2014, 50 (5): 101- 108.
	Xing C W , Huang X R , Li Y L , et al. Ecological Stability of sand-fixed plantations in Huangyangtan. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2014, 50 (5): 101- 108.
	修勤绪. 2009. 中国北方油松人工林结构分析和近自然改造林分作业体系设计. 北京: 中国林业科学研究院硕士学位论文.
	Xiu Q X. 2009. Structure analysis and close-to-natural operation system design for Pinus tabulaeformis plantations in northern China. Beijing: MS thesis of Chinese Academy of Forestry. [in Chinese]
	闫东锋, 王向阳, 杨喜田. 主成分分析法和稳定度指数法评价森林群落稳定性比较. 河南农业大学学报, 2011, 45 (2): 15- 19.
	Yan D F , Wang X Y , Yang X T . Comparison of the analysis methods for forest community stability using principal component analysis and stability degree index methods. Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 2011, 45 (2): 15- 19.
	冶民生, 吴斌, 关文彬, 等. 岷江上游植物群落稳定性研究. 水土保持研究, 2009, 16 (1): 259- 263.
	Ye M S , Wu B , Guan W B , et al. Plant community stability in the upper reaches of Minjiang River. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2009, 16 (1): 259- 263.
	于立忠, 朱教君, 张艳红, 等. 森林干扰度评价. 生态学杂志, 2009, 28 (5): 976- 982.
	Yu L Z , Zhu J J , Zhang Y H , et al. Evaluation of response extent of forests to disturbances. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2009, 28 (5): 976- 982.
	张继义, 赵哈林. 植被(植物群落)稳定性研究评述. 生态学杂志, 2003, 22 (4): 42- 48. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4890.2003.04.009
	Zhang J Y , Zhao H L . Review on study of vegetation stability studies. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2003, 22 (4): 42- 48. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4890.2003.04.009
	张连金, 惠刚盈, 孙长忠. 不同林分密度指标的比较研究. 福建林学院学报, 2011, 31 (3): 257- 261. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-389X.2011.03.014
	Zhang L J , Hui G Y , Sun C Z . Comparison of different stand density measures. Journal of Fujian College of Forestry, 2011, 31 (3): 257- 261. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-389X.2011.03.014
	张连金, 赖光辉, 封焕英, 等. 京西油松生态公益林空间结构评价. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37 (5): 1316- 1325.
	Zhang L J , Lai G H , Feng H Y , et al. Evaluation of the stand spatial structure of Pinus tabulaeformis ecological forest in west Beijing. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2018, 37 (5): 1316- 1325.
	张明霞, 王得祥, 彭舜磊, 等. 秦岭松栎混交林群落的稳定性. 生态学报, 2015, 35 (8): 2564- 2573.
	Zhang M X , Wang D X , Peng S L , et al. Community stability analysis for the oak-pine mixed forest in Qinling Mountains. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35 (8): 2564- 2573.
	张梦弢, 张青, 亢新刚, 等. 长白山云冷杉林不同演替阶段群落稳定性. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26 (6): 1609- 1616.
	Zhang M T , Zhang Q , Kang X G , et al. Community stability for spruce-fir forest at different succession stages in Changbai Mountains, northeast China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26 (6): 1609- 1616.
	张树梓, 李梅, 张志东, 等. 不同林分改造措施对华北落叶松人工林群落稳定性的影响. 林业资源管理, 2013, (6): 96- 101. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6622.2013.06.021
	Zhang S Z , Li M , Zhang Z D , et al. Effects of different stand improvement measures on community stability of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation. Forest Resources Management, 2013, (6): 96- 101. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6622.2013.06.021
	赵昕, 张万军, 曹建生, 等. 晋冀北部农牧交错区针阔树种人工林群落稳定性评价. 山地学报, 2014, 32 (2): 171- 178. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-2786.2014.02.006
	Zhao X , Zhang W J , Cao J S , et al. Community stability evaluation of coniferous and deciduous plantation in agro-pastoral ecotone of northern Shanxi-Hebei, China. Mountain Research, 2014, 32 (2): 171- 178.
	赵中华, 惠刚盈, 胡艳波, 等. 结构化森林经营方法在阔叶红松林中的应用. 林业科学研究, 2013, 26 (4): 467- 472. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1498.2013.04.012
	Zhao Z H , Hui G Y , Hu Y B , et al. Application of structure-based forest management in broadleaved Korean pine mixed forest. Forest Research, 2013, 26 (4): 467- 472. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1498.2013.04.012
	赵中华, 惠刚盈, 胡艳波, 等. 基于大小比数的林分空间优势度表达方法及其应用. 北京林业大学学报, 2014, 36 (1): 78- 82.
	Zhao Z H , Hui G Y , Hu Y B , et al. Method and application of stand spatial advantage degree based on the neighborhood comparison. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2014, 36 (1): 78- 82.
	郑元润. 大青沟植物群落稳定性研究. 生态学报, 1999, 19 (4): 578- 580. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.1999.04.027
	Zheng Y R . Stability of Daqinggou forest communities. Acta Ecologica Snica, 1999, 19 (4): 578- 580. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.1999.04.027
	周赛霞, 彭焱松, 丁剑敏, 等. 珍稀植物狭果秤锤树群落木本植物种间联结性及群落稳定性研究. 广西植物, 2017, 37 (4): 442- 448.
	Zhou S X , Peng Y S , Ding J M , et al. Analysis on community stability and inter-specific correlations among dominant woody populations of the endangered plant Sinojackia rehderiana communities. Guihaia, 2017, 37 (4): 442- 448.
	Godron M , Daget P , Poissonet J , et al. Some aspects of heterogeneity in grasslands of Cantal(France. International Symposium on Stat Ecol New Haven 1969, 1971, 397- 415.
	Hui G Y , Zhao X H , Zhao Z H , et al. Evaluating tree species diversity based on neighborhood relationships. Forest Science, 2011, 57 (4): 292- 300.
	Simpson E H . Measurement of diversity. Nature, 1949, 163, 688. doi: 10.1038/163688a0
	Tilman D , Downing J A . Biodiversity and stability in grasslands. Nature, 1994, 367, 363- 365. doi: 10.1038/367363a0
	von Gadow K, Füldner K. 1992. Zur methodik der bestandesbeschreibung. Klieken: Vortrag anlaesslich der Jahrestagung der AG Forsteinrichtung.
	von Gadow K , Füldner K . Zur bestandesbeschreibung in der forsteinrichtung. Forst und Holz, 1993, 48 (21): 602- 606.
	Walker B H . Biodiversity and ecological redundancy. Conservation Biology, 1992, 6, 18- 23. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1992.610018.x
	Zhang G G , Hui G Y , Zhang G Q , et al. A Novel comprehensive evaluation method of forest state based on unit circle. Forests, 2019, 10 (1): 5.

样地Sample site	坡度Slope/(°)	海拔Altitude/m	树种数Number of tree species	树种组成Tree species composition	平均胸径Mean DBH/cm	平均树高Mean height/m	断面积Basal area/ (m²·hm^-2)	密度Density/ hm^-2
北京九龙山Jiulongshan of Beijing	25	685	6	8油松2其他8 Pinus tabulaeformis 2 other species	14.0	6.6	17.8	1 148
山西太原东山森林公园Dongshan Forest Park of Taiyuan, Shanxi	12	1 487	5	10油松10 Pinus tabulaeformis	10.7	7.5	22.7	2 537
山西运城中条山国有林管理局泗交林场Sijiao Forest Farm, Zhongtiaoshan State Owned Forest Administration of Yucheng, Shanxi	25	929	4	6油松4栎类6 Pinus tabulaeformis 4 Quercus	12.8	9.5	14.2	1 106
陕西铜川玉华宫自然风景保护区Yuhuagong Nature Reserve of Tongchuan, Shaanxi	18	1 360	5	10油松10 Pinus tabulaeformis	20.6	12.0	37.8	983
甘肃小陇山林业保护中心百花林场Baihua Forest Farm of Xiaolongshan Forestry Protection Center, Gansu	31	1 685	16	9油松1其他9 Pinus tabulaeformis 1 other species	14.0	11.2	33.6	2 511

林分状态组成要素Elements of stand state	指标Indictor	赋值Assigmment
林分状态组成要素Elements of stand state	指标Indictor	1	0.5	0
垂直结构Vertical structure	林层数Number of stand layer	≥ 2. 5	[1. 5, 2. 5)	＜1. 5
水平结构Horizontal structure	角尺度Uniform angle index	[0.475, 0.517]	(0.517, 1)	(0, 0.475)
年龄结构Age structure	直径分布Diameter distribution	倒J形Inverted J	多峰状Multi peaks	单峰状Single peak
林分密度Stand density	拥挤度Crowded degree	[0. 9, 1. 1]	[0.7, 0.9), (1.1, 1.3]	＜0.7, ＞1.3
森林更新Forest regeneration	幼苗数量Seedling quantity	≥2 500	[500, 2 500)	＜500
林木健康Tree health	健康林木比例Ratio of healthy trees	≥90%	(70%，90%)	≤70%
林分组成Tree species composition	Simpson指数Simpson index	—	—	—
林分长势Stand growth	潜在疏密度Potential thinning density	—	—	—

邻域环境类型Neighborhood environment type	对群落稳定性的影响效应Effect on community stability	赋值Assignment
森林、湖泊、河(溪)流Forests, lakes, rivers(streams)	对群落稳定性有促进作用Positive effect on community stability	+1
农田、草地、荒地Farmland, grassland, wasteland	对群落稳定性无明显作用No significant effect on community stability	0
城镇、村落、设施建设、入侵物种群落Town, village, facility construction, invasive species community	对群落稳定性不利Negative effect on community stability	-1

研究区Study area	空间结构Spatial structure		年龄结构Age structure	林分组成Tree species composition	林分密度Stand density	林分长势Stand growth	森林更新Forest regeneration	林木健康Tree health	FIS
研究区Study area	垂直结构Vertical structure	水平结构Horizontal structure	直径分布Diameter distribution	Simpson指数Simpson index	拥挤度Crowded degree	潜在疏密度Potential thinning density	幼苗数量Seedling quantity	健康林木比例Ratio of healthy trees	FIS
北京九龙山Jiulongshan of Beijing	1/0	0.496/1	多峰状/0.5 Multi peaks/0.5	0.387	0.836/0.5	0.768	430/0	88%/0.5	0.311
山西太原东山森林公园Dongshan Forest Park of Taiyuan, Shanxi	1/0	0.463/0	倒J形/1 Inverted J/1	0.079	0.908/1	0.785	455/0	96%/1	0.453
山西运城中条山国有林管理局泗交林场Sijiao Forest Farm, Zhongtiaoshan State Owned Forest Administration of Yuncheng, Shanxi	1/0	0.477/1	单峰状/0 Single Peak/0	0.507	0.917/1	0.782	1 132/0.5	98%/1	0.515
陕西铜川玉华宫自然风景保护区Yuhuagong Nature Reserve of Tongchuan, Shaanxi	1/0	0.489/1	多峰状/0.5 Multi peaks/0.5	0.039	0.575/0	0.761	5 632/1	95%/1	0.479
甘肃小陇山林业保护中心百花林场Baihua Forest Farm of Xiaolongshan Forestry Protection Center, Gansu	1/0	0.498/1	单峰状/0 Single peak/0	0.503	0.941/1	0.764	3 541/1	96%/1	0.605

研究区Study area	邻域环境类型数Number of neighborhood environment type	正效应Positive effect	负效应Negative effect	0效应No effect	NEI
北京九龙山Jiulongshan of Beijing	4	2/森林2/Forest	1/村落1/Village	1/农田1/Farmland	0.25
山西太原东山森林公园Dongshan Forest Park of Taiyuan, Shanxi	5	1/森林1/Forest	1/村落+1/设施建设1/Village+1/facility construction	1/农田+1/荒地1/Farmland + 1/Wasteland	-0.20
山西运城中条山国有林管理局泗交林场Sijiao Forest Farm, Zhongtiaoshan State Owned Forest Administration of Yuncheng, Shanxi	4	1/森林+1/河流1/Forest+1/River	1/村落1/Village	1/农田1/Farmland	0.25
陕西铜川玉华宫自然风景保护区Yuhuagong Nature Reserve of Tongchuan, Shaanxi	5	3森林3/Forest	1/村落1/Village	1/农田1/Farmland	0.40
甘肃小陇山林业保护中心百花林场Baihua Forest Farm of Xiaolongshan Forestry Protection Center, Gansu	4	3/森林3/Forest	0	1/草地1/Grassland	0.75