关键词: 郊野公园, 美景度评判法, 景观结构质量, 游憩, 北京

Abstract:

Quality of landscape structure in green spaces of built-up suburban parks in Beijing were quantitatively assessed on bases of scenic beauty estimation (SBE) in this paper. A total of 46 photos of forest landscapes, 50 photos of green space landscapes around artificial landscapes of buildings, building pieces and roads, and 54 photos of waterfront landscapes were taken and SBE models were constructed by using Polybasic Mathematical Theory Ⅰ. The results showed that the main factors influencing the quality of forest landscape were green space ratio, canopy coverage, quantity of plant colors, contrast of the colors, composition of plant growth forms, and wild-like degree of landscape. The main factors affecting the structure of green space around artificial landscapes of buildings, building pieces and roads in county parks were relative trunk height below crown, harmony of landscape, planting pattern of trees, branch and leaf density of trees, style of building. And the main factors determining quality of waterfront landscape more efficiently were space occupied by vegetation, harmony of landscape, planting pattern of trees and vertical stratum structure of vegetation. According to public perception reflected in the SBE models, the management principles for modulating landscape structure of green space in suburban parks in Beijing were put forwards as: 1) Forest stand structure which consisted of arbors, shrubs and herbs should be constructed on basis of sufficient applying wild herbs and native shrubs so as to efficient increasing green space ratio and promoting structures of forest communities to success in close-nature way. Forest landscapes with colorfulness and high contrast should be constructed by utilizing tree species with different colors when tree species composition modulation was incorporated into stock density management. Large-diameter trees should be cultivated, and more open spaces should be created for recreation in forests and under forest canopy while the canopy coverage of a forest was proposed to control at 0.6-0.8. 2) Green area should be more harmonious with artificial landscapes of buildings, building pieces and roads by means of reasonable applying plant species, controlling size and style of buildings. Open spaces in forest or under tree canopies which suited to people activities were recommend to be created so as to meet the recreational need by reasonable arranging plant individuals. Tree species with higher trunk height below crown and thicker foliage should be chosen, while trees planted in neat rows should be avoided. And the building style should be unsophisticated. 3) The relationship between spatial occupancy of vegetation and water area was preferentially harmonized for waterfront landscape. The better planting patterns of trees were isolated and linear way. Different growth forms of plants were used to construct multi-strata structure in vertical plant configuration to create natural and wild-like waterfront landscapes.

Key words: suburban parks, scenic beauty estimation (SBE), structural quality of landscapes, recreation, Beijing