木麻黄速生抗风害性状的育种值预测与优良个体的初步选择

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230563

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 以台风袭击后的木麻黄国际种源试验林为研究对象，以速生抗风性为主要选育目标，开展短枝木麻黄抗风种质的评价和优良个体的选择。方法: 以澳大利亚林木种子中心引进的10个国家23个种源109个家系的10年生短枝木麻黄种源试验林作为材料，基于“杜苏芮”台风袭击后灾害调查数据，利用基于BLUP的混合线性模型方法对生长性状、遗传力和育种值进行测定和估算，并结合折干率、倒伏率、保存率和台风受损程度对短枝木麻黄优良家系和优良个体进行综合选择。结果: 不同家系间树高、胸径、材积和保存率差异达极显著水平（P<0.001），冠幅达显著水平（P<0.01），倒伏率、折干率、受损程度差异不显著（P>0.05）。除了保存率外，木麻黄基因库的其他性状家系遗传力都小于单株遗传力。以材积育种值大于0、剔除保存率小于平均值的家系和入选率为20%为标准，筛选了22个速生优良家系，其树高、胸径、单株立木材积和冠幅能获得的遗传增益分别为18.27%、23.2%、49.9%和24.3%；采用单株材积育种值为正且入选率为10%为标准，筛选了106株优良个体，树高、胸径、单株立木材积和冠幅能获得的遗传增益分别为21.0%、44.4%、101.8%和38.5%，可提供木麻黄第1代种子园建园材料并充实核心生产群体。结论: 台风袭击后不同木麻黄家系生长性状差异显著，具有较强选择潜力。根据材积性状育种值结合保存率筛选出22个优良家系和106株优良个体，可作为进一步遗传改良的材料。

关键词: 木麻黄, 基因资源, 抗风害, 育种值, 选择

Abstract:

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the wind resistance of Casuarina equisetifolia and select superior individuals with rapid growth and high wind resistance in the international provenance trial forest of C. equisetifolia, which was affected by typhoon “Du Suri”. Method: In this study, a 10-year-old C. equisetifolia provenance trial forest with 109 families, 23 provenances from 10 countries, introduced from the Australian Forest Seed Center, was used as selection materials. Based on disaster survey data after undergoing typhoon "Dusu Rui" attack, the BLUP mixed linear model method was used to measure and estimate the growth traits and heritability. A comprehensive selection of superior families and individuals of C. equisetifolia was made by combining the rates of breakage, lodging, survival, and typhoon damage. Result: There were extremely significant differences (P<0.001) in tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), volume, and survival rate among different families, and the crown width showed significant difference (P<0.01). There were no dignificant differences in lodging rate, breakage rate, and extent of damage (P>0.05). Except for the survival rate, the heritability of other traits in the Casuarina provenance forest was lower than that of individuals. By setting the selection criteria as a breeding value for volume greater than 0, excluding families with a survival rate below average, and a selection rate of 20%, 22 superior fast-growing families were identified. The genetic gains in tree height, DBH, individual tree volume, and crown width for these families were 18.27%, 23.2%, 49.9%, and 24.3%, respectively. Using positive individual tree volume breeding values and a selection rate of 10% as criteria, 106 superior individuals were selected. The genetic gains in tree height, DBH, individual volume, and crown width for these individuals were 21.0%, 44.4%, 101.8%, and 38.5%, respectively. Conclusion: There are significant differences in growth traits among different C. equisetifolia families after the typhoon attack, indicating strong potential for selection. Based on the breeding values for volume traits combined with survival rates, 22 superior families and 106 superior individuals have been selected as materials for further genetic improvement. The selection can provide materials for the establishment of the first-generation seed orchard of Casuarina and enrich the core production population.

Key words: Casuarina equisetifolia, genetic resources, wind resistant, breeding value, choice

中图分类号:

S722.7

李茂瑾. 木麻黄速生抗风害性状的育种值预测与优良个体的初步选择[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(12): 92-100.

Maojin Li. Prediction of Breeding Values and Preliminary Selection of Superior Individuals for Rapid Growth and Wind Resistance Traits in Casuarina equisetifolia[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(12): 92-100.

图/表 7

图1

表1

表2

表3

表4

表5

表6

入选优良个体10年生时生长表现和预测的育种值①"

序号 Order	单株编号 Tree ID	种源 Provenance	家系 Family	重复 Rep	小区 Plot	生长表现Growth performance				育种值Breeding value
序号 Order	单株编号 Tree ID	种源 Provenance	家系 Family	重复 Rep	小区 Plot	H/m	D/cm	V/m³	C/m	H/m	D/cm	V/m³	C/m
1	310	泰国Thailand	448	2	3	13.5	24.0	0.203 6	3.5	3.2	8.2	0.083 8	0.6
2	256	泰国Thailand	283	2	3	12.5	23.7	0.183 8	3.8	2.6	8.5	0.078 4	1.1
3	601	泰国Thailand	301	4	3	12.5	22.3	0.162 7	5.3	2.7	8.1	0.070 8	1.5
4	474	泰国Thailand	440	3	3	12.5	20.9	0.142 9	5.8	3.2	7.8	0.067 9	2.3
5	1057	泰国Thailand	445	6	1	13.0	21.7	0.160 3	5.0	2.1	7.2	0.066 3	1.5
6	311	泰国Thailand	449	2	1	12.5	21.5	0.151 3	3.0	2.4	7.1	0.060 8	0.6
7	303	泰国Thailand	440	2	4	12.5	20.0	0.130 9	5.5	2.8	6.9	0.058 8	2.3
8	951	中国China	224	6	3	13.5	21.4	0.161 9	1.8	1.7	6.0	0.058 5	?0.7
9	133	泰国Thailand	436	1	2	11.5	21.1	0.134 0	3.8	2.4	7.1	0.057 7	0.7
10	66	中国China	209	1	1	12.0	20.7	0.134 6	5.5	2.5	6.6	0.056 1	1.8
11	1058	泰国Thailand	445	6	4	12.5	20.6	0.138 9	4.0	1.8	6.5	0.055 9	0.9
12	482	泰国Thailand	445	3	1	11.0	21.0	0.127 0	5.3	1.9	7.0	0.052 7	1.7
13	247	泰国Thailand	265	2	2	13.0	19.8	0.133 4	3.3	3.0	6.0	0.051 5	0.8
14	592	泰国Thailand	270	4	2	11.0	20.0	0.115 2	4.3	2.1	7.0	0.050 8	1.1
15	657	泰国Thailand	436	4	1	12.5	18.0	0.106 0	3.0	3.0	5.8	0.046 6	0.2
16	659	泰国Thailand	436	4	3	11.5	18.5	0.103 0	5.5	2.4	6.1	0.045 1	1.7
17	147	泰国Thailand	447	1	3	10.5	20.7	0.117 8	4.5	1.3	6.4	0.044 9	1.3
18	305	泰国Thailand	442	2	4	11.5	18.9	0.107 5	3.5	2.2	5.8	0.042 0	1.1
19	664	泰国Thailand	440	4	2	12.0	16.4	0.084 5	3.3	2.8	5.3	0.041 9	0.7
20	479	泰国Thailand	442	3	3	11.0	18.6	0.099 6	6.3	2.3	5.9	0.041 5	2.5
21	1044	泰国Thailand	440	6	2	11.5	17.5	0.092 2	3.0	1.5	5.5	0.040 6	0.6
22	476	泰国Thailand	441	3	2	10.5	19.5	0.104 5	5.0	1.8	6.3	0.040 5	1.7
23	663	泰国Thailand	440	4	1	10.5	17.1	0.080 4	4.5	1.9	5.8	0.039 9	1.4
24	300	泰国Thailand	437	2	3	12.0	19.3	0.117 0	4.3	2.2	5.2	0.039 1	1.3
25	212	中国China	203	2	4	11.0	20.0	0.115 2	2.5	1.3	5.7	0.039 1	0.2
26	68	中国China	211	1	3	11.5	19.5	0.114 5	5.3	1.9	5.0	0.038 1	1.5
27	399	中国China	225	3	2	11.5	19.5	0.114 5	3.5	1.5	5.2	0.037 7	0.4
28	833	泰国Thailand	442	5	1	10.5	16.9	0.078 5	5.0	2.5	5.9	0.037 7	1.9
29	1005	所罗门Solomon	372	6	2	12.5	18.8	0.115 7	3.5	1.3	4.7	0.037 0	0.4
30	250	泰国Thailand	267	2	3	12.0	18.5	0.107 5	3.3	2.1	4.7	0.036 6	0.6
31	829	泰国Thailand	440	5	2	9.5	16.0	0.063 7	5.0	1.9	5.8	0.035 9	2.0
32	411	泰国Thailand	270	3	1	12.0	16.7	0.087 6	3.8	2.7	4.6	0.035 0	1.0
33	268	贝宁Benin	343	2	1	11.0	19.8	0.112 9	4.3	0.9	5.2	0.035 0	1.3
34	318	印度India	32	3	2	11.5	18.0	0.097 5	5.0	2.0	5.0	0.034 3	1.4
35	282	所罗门Solomon	388	2	1	11.5	18.6	0.104 2	5.3	1.7	4.9	0.034 0	1.9
36	972	泰国Thailand	268	6	4	12.5	17.3	0.097 9	5.0	1.6	4.4	0.033 6	1.5
37	132	泰国Thailand	435	1	4	10.5	18.8	0.097 2	5.0	1.3	5.1	0.033 4	1.5
38	436	所罗门Solomon	374	3	4	11.5	18.2	0.099 7	4.0	1.8	4.6	0.033 3	0.7
39	974	泰国Thailand	282	6	2	12.5	17.7	0.102 5	4.3	1.8	4.4	0.033 3	1.1
40	339	贝宁Benin	137	3	4	11.0	18.9	0.102 9	5.0	1.8	4.9	0.033 0	1.3
41	71	中国China	216	1	2	9.0	19.8	0.092 4	5.3	0.6	6.0	0.032 4	1.7
42	302	泰国Thailand	440	2	1	11.0	16.3	0.076 5	4.0	1.9	4.6	0.032 3	1.4
43	299	泰国Thailand	437	2	2	12.5	17.7	0.102 5	3.5	2.5	4.2	0.032 1	0.9
44	292	中国China	398	2	1	11.5	18.3	0.100 8	4.8	1.8	4.8	0.031 9	1.7
45	1056	泰国Thailand	443	6	3	12.5	17.6	0.101 4	4.3	1.5	4.2	0.031 7	1.0
46	410	泰国Thailand	268	3	4	11.0	17.5	0.088 2	4.3	1.7	4.8	0.031 5	1.1
47	398	中国China	225	3	1	11.0	18.5	0.098 6	3.0	1.2	4.6	0.030 0	0.1
48	446	所罗门Solomon	383	3	4	10.5	17.6	0.085 1	4.8	1.7	4.8	0.029 6	1.4
49	367	中国China	201	3	3	11.0	17.2	0.085 2	5.3	1.9	4.5	0.029 5	1.7
50	244	中国China	227	2	3	12.0	18.4	0.106 4	3.0	1.5	4.2	0.029 5	0.3
51	591	泰国Thailand	270	4	1	10.5	16.1	0.071 3	5.0	1.8	4.6	0.029 4	1.6
52	614	贝宁Benin	341	4	2	12.5	16.3	0.086 9	4.3	2.5	4.1	0.029 2	0.8
53	251	泰国Thailand	267	2	4	12.5	16.7	0.091 3	3.3	2.4	3.5	0.028 7	0.6
54	636	所罗门Solomon	389	4	2	11.0	18.0	0.093 3	5.5	1.3	4.6	0.028 7	1.4
55	1049	泰国Thailand	441	6	4	12.0	16.5	0.085 5	4.0	1.6	4.2	0.028 7	1.0
56	134	泰国Thailand	436	1	4	10.5	16.4	0.073 9	2.8	1.8	4.1	0.028 5	0.1
57	203	马来西亚Malaysia	189	2	4	12.5	17.1	0.095 7	2.0	2.3	3.8	0.028 5	?0.2
58	977	泰国Thailand	283	6	2	12.5	15.6	0.079 6	3.3	1.9	3.6	0.028 4	0.5
59	969	泰国Thailand	267	6	4	12.5	16.5	0.089 1	3.3	1.7	3.5	0.028 3	0.3
60	97	泰国Thailand	301	1	4	11.5	16.3	0.080 0	3.8	2.1	3.8	0.028 2	0.7
61	359	马来西亚Malaysia	190	3	4	11.0	17.5	0.088 2	6.0	1.7	4.4	0.027 9	2.1
62	412	泰国Thailand	270	3	3	12.0	15.2	0.072 6	4.8	2.7	3.7	0.027 7	1.6
63	598	泰国Thailand	283	4	1	11.5	15.0	0.067 7	4.3	2.3	3.8	0.027 6	1.0
64	140	泰国Thailand	442	1	3	10.5	16.1	0.071 3	3.8	1.9	4.1	0.027 5	1.0
65	151	泰国Thailand	449	1	2	9.5	17.4	0.075 3	5.0	0.9	4.7	0.027 0	1.5
66	929	中国China	207	6	1	12.5	16.4	0.088 0	3.3	1.6	3.6	0.025 9	0.4
67	588	泰国Thailand	267	4	3	11.5	15.6	0.073 3	4.3	2.1	3.5	0.025 6	0.8
68	477	泰国Thailand	442	3	1	11.5	14.8	0.065 9	3.5	2.6	3.5	0.025 1	0.8
69	830	泰国Thailand	440	5	4	9.0	13.2	0.041 1	4.3	1.6	4.1	0.024 9	1.6
70	304	泰国Thailand	442	2	1	11.0	15.8	0.071 9	3.3	1.9	3.8	0.024 7	0.9
71	920	中国China	195	6	3	13.0	15.6	0.082 8	4.3	2.1	3.1	0.024 6	1.0
72	676	泰国Thailand	445	4	1	12.0	14.3	0.064 2	4.0	2.5	3.1	0.024 5	0.8
73	594	泰国Thailand	270	4	4	10.5	14.8	0.060 2	5.3	1.8	3.8	0.024 0	1.7
74	409	泰国Thailand	268	3	3	11.0	15.9	0.072 8	3.3	1.7	3.8	0.024 0	0.5
75	825	泰国Thailand	435	5	2	10.5	15.3	0.064 3	5.0	1.9	4.3	0.024 0	1.8
76	459	中国China	397	3	1	11.5	16.8	0.085 0	3.5	2.0	3.7	0.023 8	0.4
77	878	印度India	71	6	3	12.5	16.4	0.088 0	4.0	1.6	3.3	0.023 6	0.7
78	1060	泰国Thailand	449	6	2	11.5	15.6	0.073 3	3.3	1.1	3.6	0.023 5	0.5
79	971	泰国Thailand	268	6	3	9.5	17.6	0.077 0	4.8	?0.2	4.6	0.023 4	1.4
80	612	贝宁Benin	339	4	3	9.5	16.7	0.069 4	4.0	0.9	4.6	0.023 0	0.8
81	331	印度India	80	3	2	10.0	18.2	0.086 7	4.8	0.8	4.3	0.022 7	1.2
82	218	中国China	209	2	4	11.5	15.5	0.072 3	2.5	1.9	3.3	0.022 7	0.3
83	27	越南Vietnam	129	1	4	10.5	17.3	0.082 3	3.3	1.5	3.7	0.022 6	0.2
84	1016	所罗门Solomon	387	6	3	12.0	16.2	0.082 4	3.8	1.4	3.3	0.022 2	0.7
85	79	中国China	222	1	3	9.5	18.5	0.085 1	4.3	0.4	4.5	0.022 2	0.8
86	922	中国China	201	6	3	12.5	15.2	0.075 6	3.0	1.8	3.0	0.022 2	0.3
87	478	泰国Thailand	442	3	2	11.5	14.1	0.059 9	5.0	2.6	3.1	0.022 2	1.7
88	1017	所罗门Solomon	388	6	2	12.0	15.8	0.078 4	2.8	1.3	3.3	0.022 1	0.1
89	403	泰国Thailand	265	3	1	11.0	15.1	0.065 7	5.0	2.2	3.4	0.021 9	1.5
90	505	印度India	66	4	2	11.5	14.7	0.065 1	4.0	2.3	3.4	0.021 9	0.8
91	13	印度India	66	1	1	11.0	15.6	0.070 1	3.8	1.9	3.3	0.021 9	0.7
92	684	泰国Thailand	447	4	4	10.5	15.4	0.065 2	5.3	1.3	3.8	0.021 8	1.7
93	914	肯尼亚Kenya	147	6	4	10.5	17.5	0.084 2	3.3	0.4	3.9	0.021 7	0.4
94	599	泰国Thailand	283	4	4	10.5	14.2	0.055 4	4.0	1.7	3.3	0.021 6	0.8
95	1045	泰国Thailand	440	6	3	10.5	13.9	0.053 1	2.3	0.9	3.2	0.021 6	0.2
96	390	中国China	221	3	4	11.0	17.2	0.085 2	3.0	1.4	3.7	0.021 3	?0.1
97	521	越南Vietnam	130	4	2	10.5	15.8	0.068 6	3.8	1.6	3.8	0.021 1	0.6
98	1050	泰国Thailand	442	6	1	12.5	13.9	0.063 2	3.3	2.1	2.8	0.021 1	0.7
99	164	印度India	32	2	3	11.5	16.0	0.077 1	1.5	1.7	3.4	0.021 1	?0.4
100	913	肯尼亚Kenya	147	6	3	13.0	15.6	0.082 8	4.0	1.8	2.7	0.021 1	0.8
101	611	贝宁Benin	337	4	3	10.0	16.5	0.071 3	4.3	1.0	4.1	0.021 0	0.9
102	60	中国China	206	1	3	9.0	18.1	0.077 2	3.3	0.5	4.5	0.020 9	0.3
103	1047	泰国Thailand	441	6	2	11.5	15.2	0.069 6	3.3	1.3	3.3	0.020 9	0.6
104	51	中国China	201	1	4	10.0	16.1	0.067 9	2.8	1.3	3.5	0.020 9	0.2
105	722	越南Vietnam	128	5	3	10.5	15.5	0.066 0	4.0	1.9	4.1	0.020 6	0.9
106	257	泰国Thailand	286	2	2	10.5	17.2	0.081 3	2.8	0.9	3.7	0.020 5	0.4
	均值 Mean					11.4	17.5	0.092 8	4.0	1.8	4.7	0.033 2	1.0

表6

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性状 Traits	最小 Min	最大 Max	均值 Mean	标准差 Std	变异系数 CV
树高 Height/m	0.5	13.5	8.59	2.32	27.05
胸径 DBH/cm	1.5	24	10.58	3.92	37.05
材积 Volume/m³	0.000 1	0.204	0.033	0.024	181.96
冠幅 Width/m	0.2	6.3	2.6	1.08	41.63
保存率 Survival rate (%)	0	100	37.16	0.28	74.44
倒伏率 Lodging rate (%)	0	100	8.98	0.25	280.19
折干率Breakage rate (%)	0	100	9.94	0.25	249.38
受害程度 Damaged degree	0	5	1.16	1.74	149.65

性状 Traits	模型 Model	区组 Block	家系 Family	区组家系 BlockFamily
树高 Height/m	2.921^***	43.187^***	3.643^***	2.006^ns
胸径 DBH/cm	2.351^***	13.616^***	3.768^***	1.775^***
材积 Volume/m³	2.671^***	22.429^***	3.957^***	2.159^ns
冠幅 Width/m	1.863^***	6.372^***	2.870^**	1.338^ns
保存率 Survival rate (%)	1.63^***	2.40^*	1.59^***
倒伏率 Lodging rate (%)	1.72^***	18.31^***	0.97^ns
折干率Breakage rate (%)	1.11^ns	3.97^**	0.98^ns
受害程度 Damaged degree	1.19^***	7.40^***	0.91^ns

性状 Trait	家系遗传力 Family herit	标准误 Stand error	单株遗传力 Indivi herit	标准误 Stand error
树高Height/m	0.415	0.084	0.452	0.133
胸径DBH/cm	0.474	0.076	0.536	0.136
材积 Volume/m³	0.338	0.054	0.346	0.112
冠幅 Width/m	0.511	0.066	0.587	0.127
保存率Survival rate (%)	0.381	0.013	0.372	0.114

性状 Trait	树高 Height/m	胸径 Dbh/cm	材积 Volume/m³	冠幅 Width/m
树高 Height/m	1	0.845(0.037)	0.750 (0.047)	0.602(0.083)
胸径 DBH/cm		1	0.930 (0.016)	0.693(0.071)
材积 Volume/m³			1	0.651(0.072)
冠幅 Width/m				1

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