梵净山保护区主要雉类的繁殖期栖息地选择与空间分布

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20201114

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 了解梵净山国家级自然保护区雉类的繁殖期栖息地选择及其空间分布，为保护区珍稀雉类的有效管理提供科学依据。方法: 于2017—2019年的雉类繁殖期的4—7月，利用60台红外相机，在梵净山国家级自然保护区选取了3个样区，每个样区布设20台，并基于占域模型研究了4种主要雉类的栖息地选择模式。结果: 1) 红外相机共获得独立有效照片882张，记录到白颈长尾雉、灰胸竹鸡、红腹角雉、红腹锦鸡等7种雉类。2)占域模型结果显示，海拔是影响4种主要雉类的占用率的主要因素，白颈长尾雉、灰胸竹鸡和红腹锦鸡3种雉类的占用率与海拔呈明显负相关，而红腹角雉的占用率与海拔呈明显正相关，呈现不同的海拔分布格局。其中，灰胸竹鸡主要栖息于海拔1 100 m以下，白颈长尾雉主要栖息于1 500 m以下，红腹锦鸡适应不同的海拔，红腹角雉主要栖息于1 500 m以上。3)4种主要雉类表现出2种相异的植被类型选择模式，灰胸竹鸡和红腹锦鸡，明显倾向于选择针阔混交林栖息，并明显不倾向选择常绿落叶阔叶混交林；而白颈长尾雉和红腹角雉倾向于在常绿落叶阔叶混交林栖息，并明显不倾向选择针阔混交林。在坡度的选择上，白颈长尾雉和红腹角雉选择相似，与坡度表现明显的正相关；而灰胸竹鸡和红腹锦鸡表现较弱的负相关。结论: 本研究在梵净山保护区利用占域模型探讨了4种主要雉类在繁殖期的栖息地选择及其空间分布差异，初步揭示了在梵净山保护区同域共存的模式。

关键词: 梵净山保护区, 红外相机, 占域模型, 栖息地选择, 雉类

Abstract:

Objective: The purpose of this work is to understand the habitats selection and spatial distribution of main pheasant species in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve during breeding period and provide scientific basis for effective management of rare pheasants. Method: From April to July during the breeding season of pheasants from 2017 to 2019,60 camera traps were set up in 3 sample regions (20 cameras in each sample region) to monitor the pheasants living in the area. The habitats selection patterns of four species of pheasants were studied based on occupancy modelling. Result: 1) A total of 882 independent valid photos were obtained by infrared camera. Seven species of pheasants were recorded,including Syrmaticus ellioti,Bambusicola thoracicus,Tragopan temminckii,Chrysolophus pictus,and etc. 2) The results of occupancy modelling showed that altitude was the major factor affecting the occupancy rate of the four main pheasants,and the pheasants had different altitudinal distribution patterns. The occupancy rate of Syrmaticus ellioti,Bambusicola thoracicus,and Chrysolophus pictus were negatively correlated with the altitude (Bambusicola thoracicus mainly lived at altitude below 1 100 m; Syrmaticus ellioti mainly lived at altitude below 1 500 m; Chrysolophus pictus have adapted to life at different elevation). However,the occupancy rate of Tragopan temminckii,who actively lived at altitude above 1 500 m,was positively correlated with the altitude. 3) The four main species of pheasants showed two different patterns of vegetation type selection. Bambusicola thoracicus and Chrysolophus pictus were obviously inclined to choose coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest for habitat,and obviously not preferred to choose evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest; while Syrmaticus ellioti and Tragopan temminckii were inclined to choose evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest,and obviously not preferred to choose coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. Meanwhile,as for the selection of slope,Syrmaticus ellioti and Tragopan temminckii had similar selection pattern in which the habitation was positively correlated with the slope index; Bambusicola thoracicus and Chrysolophus pictus,on the other hand,showed a different pattern in which the habitation was negatively correlated with slope index. Conclusion: In this study,the habitat selection and spatial distribution differences of four species of pheasants were studied by using the occupancy modelling in Fanjingshan Nature Reserve. The results preliminarily revealed the coexistence pattern of the four main pheasants during breeding period.

Key words: Fanjingshan Reserve, camera trapping, occupancy modelling, habitats selection, pheasant

中图分类号:

S718.63

王丞,冉伟,杨朝辉,毕兴,粟海军,胡灿实,石磊,张明明. 梵净山保护区主要雉类的繁殖期栖息地选择与空间分布[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(11): 134-142.

Cheng Wang,Wei Ran,Zhaohui Yang,Xing Bi,Haijun Su,Canshi Hu,Lei Shi,Mingming Zhang. Habitats Selection and Spatial Distribution of Main Pheasants in Fanjingshan Reserve during Breeding Period[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(11): 134-142.

图/表 7

图1

表1

表2

表3

梵净山保护区雉类的最优模型①"

模型Model	AIC	ΔAIC	AICwgt	Model likelihood	No.Par	初始占用率 Native occupancy estimate	探测率 Detection probability
	白颈长尾雉Syrmaticus ellioti					0.41	0.20
psi(CBF, EL), p(.)	283.16	0.00	0.10	1.00	4
psi(EF, EBF, CBF, EL, SL), p(.)	283.55	0.39	0.08	0.82	7
psi(BF, EBF, CBF, EL, SL), p(.)	283.54	0.38	0.08	0.82	7
psi(EL), p(.)	284.04	0.88	0.06	0.64	3
psi(CBF, EL, SL), p(.)	284.1	0.94	0.06	0.63	5
psi(EBF, CBF, EL), p(.)	284.64	1.48	0.05	0.48	5
psi(EL, SL), p(.)	284.65	1.49	0.05	0.47	4
psi(BF, CBF, EL), p(.)	284.97	1.81	0.04	0.40	5
psi(EBF, EL), p(.)	284.98	1.82	0.04	0.40	4
psi(EF, CBF, EL), p(.)	285.09	1.93	0.04	0.38	5
	灰胸竹鸡Bambusicola thoracicus					0.17	0.41
psi(EF, EL), p(.)	156.89	0.00	0.09	1.00	4
psi(EF, EBF, EL), p(.)	157.26	0.37	0.08	0.83	5
psi(EF, EL, SL), p(.)	157.85	0.96	0.06	0.62	5
psi(EF, CBF, EL), p(.)	157.92	1.03	0.05	0.60	5
psi(BF, CBF, EL), p(.)	157.98	1.09	0.05	0.58	5
psi(EF, EBF, EL, SL), p(.)	158.78	1.89	0.04	0.39	6
psi(EF, BF, EL), p(.)	158.86	1.97	0.03	0.37	5
psi(CBF, EL), p(.)	158.88	1.99	0.03	0.37	4
psi(EF, CBF, EL, SL), p(.)	158.89	2.00	0.03	0.37	6
	红腹角雉Tragopan temminckii					0.34	0.30
psi(CBF, EL), p(.)	268.83	0.00	0.10	1.00	4
psi(CBF, EL, SL), p(.)	269.34	0.51	0.08	0.77	5
psi(EL, SL), p(.)	270.03	1.20	0.05	0.55	4
psi(EL), p(.)	270.06	1.23	0.05	0.54	3
psi(EBF, CBF, EL), p(.)	270.33	1.50	0.05	0.47	5
psi(BF, CBF, EL), p(.)	270.55	1.72	0.04	0.42	5
psi(EF, CBF, EL), p(.)	270.8	1.97	0.04	0.37	5
	红腹锦鸡Chrysolophus pictus					0.45	0.34
psi(EL), p(.)	347.42	0.00	0.09	1.00	3
psi(CBF, EL), p(.)	347.67	0.25	0.08	0.88	4
psi(EBF, EL), p(.)	348.1	0.68	0.06	0.71	4
psi(EL, SL), p(.)	348.46	1.04	0.05	0.59	4
psi(CBF, EL, SL), p(.)	348.85	1.43	0.04	0.49	5
psi(EBF, CBF, EL), p(.)	348.88	1.46	0.04	0.48	5
psi(EF, EL), p(.)	349.25	1.83	0.04	0.40	4
psi(EF, EBF, EL), p(.)	349.34	1.92	0.03	0.38	5
psi(BF, EL), p(.)	349.36	1.94	0.03	0.38	4
psi(EBF, EL, SL), p(.)	349.41	1.99	0.03	0.37	5

表3

图2

图3

表4

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解释变量Explanatory variable	描述Description	类型Type
海拔 Elevation (EL)	相机安装点位的海拔(范围: 700~2 300 m) The elevation of the camera sites(Range: 700~2 300 m)	连续变量 Numeric
坡度 Slope (SL)	基于地理空间云平台(www.gscloud.cn)30 m分辨率的DEM数据, 获取相机安装点位的实际坡度(7°~45°)DEM data based on 30 m resolution of geospatial cloud platform(www.gscloud.cn), the actual slope(7°~45°) of the camera sites is obtained.	连续变量 Numeric
中山常绿落叶阔叶林 Evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest (EBF)	中山常绿落叶阔叶林记为1, 其他记为0 Evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest in mid-alpine region was recorded as 1, others was recorded as 0	分类变量 Categorical
常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad-leaf forest (EF)	常绿阔叶林记为1, 其他记为0 Evergreen broad-leaf forest was recorded as 1, others was recorded as 0	分类变量 Categorical
落叶阔叶林 Broadleaved deciduous forest (BF)	落叶阔叶林记为1, 其他记为0 Broadleaved deciduous forest was recorded as 1, others was recorded as 0	分类变量 Categorical
针阔混交林 Coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest (CBF)	针阔混交林记为1, 其他记为0 Theropencedrymion was recorded as 1, others was recorded as 0	分类变量 Categorical

物种Species	保护级别 Protection level	相机位点 Camera sites	可识别照片数 Number of recognizable images	独立有效照片数 Number of independent images
白颈长尾雉Syrmaticus ellioti	Ⅰ	31	476	141
灰胸竹鸡Bambusicola thoracicus		16	496	184
红腹角雉Tragopan temminckii	Ⅱ	25	783	233
红腹锦鸡Chrysolophus pictus	Ⅱ	28	962	285
环颈雉Phasianus colchicus		1	7	3
白冠长尾雉Syrmaticus reevesii	Ⅱ	1	2	1
勺鸡Pucrasia macrolopha	Ⅱ	4	150	35

物种Species	物种互作因子SIF	标准误SE
A-B	1.21	0.28
A-C	0.68	0.20
A-D	1.74	0.31
B-C	0.83	0.23
B-D	1.48	0.40
C-D	0	—

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