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林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (11): 134-141.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20211113

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不同种源短枝木麻黄对青枯病的生理生化响应及早期选择

魏永成,张勇*,孟景祥,仲崇禄   

  1. 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 广州 510520
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-06 出版日期:2021-11-25 发布日期:2022-01-12
  • 通讯作者: 张勇
  • 基金资助:
    中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2019SZ002);国家自然科学基金项目(31901334);国家自然科学基金项目(31770716)

Physiological and Biochemical Response of Casuarina equisetifolia from Different Provenances to Bacterial Wilt and Early Selection

Yongcheng Wei,Yong Zhang*,Jingxiang Meng,Chonglu Zhong   

  1. Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, CAF Guangzhou 510520
  • Received:2021-04-06 Online:2021-11-25 Published:2022-01-12
  • Contact: Yong Zhang

摘要:

目的: 研究不同种源短枝木麻黄对青枯病的生理生化响应,筛选和挖掘木麻黄抗青枯病优良种源,为木麻黄抗病育种材料的选育和推广提供科学依据。方法: 以广东省徐闻县湛江国营防护林场5年生短枝木麻黄种源试验林中20个种源为试验材料,对小枝中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)等酶活力以及可溶性糖、叶绿素、总酚、类黄酮含量8个生理生化性状进行检测与分析,并筛选优良种源。结果: 短枝木麻黄接种青枯菌后,病情指数和相对病害强度在种源间存在极显著差异。SOD、CAT、POD、PAL活力以及可溶性糖、叶绿素、总酚、类黄酮含量在种源间均呈显著或极显著差异,变异系数分别为17.75%、27.72%、64.31%、38.65%、25.31%、16.63%、44.00%和29.50%,性状均值最大种源分别为最小种源的1.61、2.74、13.75、2.46、2.43、1.98、2.93和2.59倍,性状变异幅度大,具有较强选择潜力。相关分析结果表明,SOD和CAT活力与总酚含量、类黄酮含量呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.233~0.466,与POD活力、叶绿素含量呈极显著负相关。总酚含量与类黄酮含量呈极显著正相关,相关系数达0.722。生理生化性状与病情特征间均达到显著或极显著正相关或负相关程度,生理生化性状和病情特征可能受相同或类似的调控机制控制。基于8个生理生化性状进行综合评价,按照30%的入选率筛选出18144、18142、18135、18355、18128和18122共6个优良种源,其SOD、CAT、PAL活力以及可溶性糖、总酚和类黄酮含量均值比总体均值分别高1.35%、25.32%、13.19%、19.69%、32.52%和32.24%。结论: 接种青枯菌后,不同种源短枝木麻黄病情指数和相对病害强度差异显著,保护酶系统和次生代谢物等性状在种源间均呈显著或极显著差异,具有较强选择潜力。根据生理生化性状筛选出的6个抗病种源,可作为进一步遗传改良的材料。

关键词: 短枝木麻黄, 青枯病, 种源, 生理生化性状, 选择

Abstract:

Objective: Casuarina equisetifolia is an important shelter forest species in the coastal area of South China. It is necessary to select improved varieties resistant to bacterial wilt. This study aimed study the variation of disease resistance characteristics of different germplasm resources, so as to provide scientific basis for the selection of disease resistant materials. Method: In this study, eight physiological and biochemical traits of saplings from 20 provenances in the five-year-old provenance family experimental forest in Xuwen, Guangdong Province were detected and analyzed. Result: After Casuarina equisetifolia was inoculated with Ralstonia solanacearum, there were significant differences in disease index and relative disease intensity among provenances. The activities of SOD, CAT, POD and PAL, and the contents of soluble sugar, chlorophyll, total phenols and flavonoids showed significant or extremely significant differences among provenances. The variation coefficient of these traits was 17.75%, 27.72%, 64.31%, 38.65%, 25.31%, 16.63%, 44.00% and 29.50%, respectively. The traits means of the largest provenance were 1.61, 2.74, 13.75, 2.46, 2.43, 1.98, 2.93 and 2.59 times of those of the smallest provenance, respectively. The results indicated that the above traits of the tested provenances varied greatly and had strong selection potential. The results of correlation analysis showed that SOD and CAT were significantly positively correlated with total phenols and flavonoids, the correlation coefficients varied from 0.233 to 0.466, whereas they were significantly negatively correlated with POD and chlorophyll. The total phenols were found the highest significantly positively correlated with flavonoids, their correlation coefficient was 0.722. There was a significant or extremely significant positive or negative correlation between physiological and biochemical traits and disease characteristics, indicating that physiological and biochemical traits and disease characteristics might be controlled by the same or similar regulatory mechanisms. Through the comprehensive evaluation of 8 physiological and biochemical traits, six provenances of 18144, 18142, 18135, 18355, 18128 and 18122 were selected from 20 provenances. The average values of SOD, CAT, PAL, soluble sugar, total phenols and flavonoids were 1.35%, 25.32%, 13.19%, 19.69%, 32.52% and 32.24% higher than the overall average value, respectively. Conclusion: The six resistant provenances selected by physiological and biochemical traits can be used as materials for further genetic improvement.

Key words: Casuarina equisetifolia, bacterial wilt, provenance, physiological and biochemical traits, selection

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