林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (11): 134-141.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20211113
魏永成,张勇*,孟景祥,仲崇禄
收稿日期:
2021-04-06
出版日期:
2021-11-25
发布日期:
2022-01-12
通讯作者:
张勇
基金资助:
Yongcheng Wei,Yong Zhang*,Jingxiang Meng,Chonglu Zhong
Received:
2021-04-06
Online:
2021-11-25
Published:
2022-01-12
Contact:
Yong Zhang
摘要:
目的: 研究不同种源短枝木麻黄对青枯病的生理生化响应,筛选和挖掘木麻黄抗青枯病优良种源,为木麻黄抗病育种材料的选育和推广提供科学依据。方法: 以广东省徐闻县湛江国营防护林场5年生短枝木麻黄种源试验林中20个种源为试验材料,对小枝中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)等酶活力以及可溶性糖、叶绿素、总酚、类黄酮含量8个生理生化性状进行检测与分析,并筛选优良种源。结果: 短枝木麻黄接种青枯菌后,病情指数和相对病害强度在种源间存在极显著差异。SOD、CAT、POD、PAL活力以及可溶性糖、叶绿素、总酚、类黄酮含量在种源间均呈显著或极显著差异,变异系数分别为17.75%、27.72%、64.31%、38.65%、25.31%、16.63%、44.00%和29.50%,性状均值最大种源分别为最小种源的1.61、2.74、13.75、2.46、2.43、1.98、2.93和2.59倍,性状变异幅度大,具有较强选择潜力。相关分析结果表明,SOD和CAT活力与总酚含量、类黄酮含量呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.233~0.466,与POD活力、叶绿素含量呈极显著负相关。总酚含量与类黄酮含量呈极显著正相关,相关系数达0.722。生理生化性状与病情特征间均达到显著或极显著正相关或负相关程度,生理生化性状和病情特征可能受相同或类似的调控机制控制。基于8个生理生化性状进行综合评价,按照30%的入选率筛选出18144、18142、18135、18355、18128和18122共6个优良种源,其SOD、CAT、PAL活力以及可溶性糖、总酚和类黄酮含量均值比总体均值分别高1.35%、25.32%、13.19%、19.69%、32.52%和32.24%。结论: 接种青枯菌后,不同种源短枝木麻黄病情指数和相对病害强度差异显著,保护酶系统和次生代谢物等性状在种源间均呈显著或极显著差异,具有较强选择潜力。根据生理生化性状筛选出的6个抗病种源,可作为进一步遗传改良的材料。
中图分类号:
魏永成,张勇,孟景祥,仲崇禄. 不同种源短枝木麻黄对青枯病的生理生化响应及早期选择[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(11): 134-141.
Yongcheng Wei,Yong Zhang,Jingxiang Meng,Chonglu Zhong. Physiological and Biochemical Response of Casuarina equisetifolia from Different Provenances to Bacterial Wilt and Early Selection[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(11): 134-141.
表1
参试短枝木麻黄种源信息"
种源号 Provenance No. | 地点 Location | 纬度 Latitude | 经度 Longitude | 海拔 Altitude/m | 降水量 Precipitation/mm |
18013 | 印度奥里萨邦克塔克市库基Kujaug, Cuttack, Orissa, India | 20°12′N | 86°38′E | 7 | 1 400 |
18040 | 汤加内塔卡Onetaka, Tonga | 21°07′N | 175°04′E | 1 | 1 800 |
18119 | 印度泰米尔纳德邦拉姆斯瓦拉姆Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India | 09°15′N | 79°20′E | 5 | 900 |
18122 | 埃及蒙塔扎Montazah, Egypt | 31°16′N | 30°05′E | 13 | 200 |
18128 | 越南河南省海盛Hai Thinh, Ha Nam Tinh, Vietnam | 20°22′N | 106°21′E | 2 | 2 000 |
18135 | 肯尼亚马林迪Malindi, Kenya | 03°15′S | 40°09′E | 7 | 900 |
18142 | 肯尼亚基里菲Kilifi, Kenya | 03°38′S | 39°51′E | 20 | 1 000 |
18144 | 肯尼亚贝尔班Baobab, Kenya | 4°00′S | 39°06′E | 25 | 1 000 |
18267 | 中国广东晏镜Yanjing, Guangdong, China | 23°00′N | 113°03′E | 4 | 1 500 |
18268 | 中国海南岛东Daodong, Hainan, China | 19°58′N | 110°59′E | 10 | 1 700 |
18269 | 中国福建厦门Xiamen, Fujian, China | 24°24′N | 118°06′E | 50 | 1 200 |
18297 | 泰国拉农市班坎普汉姆Ban Kamphuam, Ranong, Thailand | 09°21′N | 98°27′E | 10 | 3 000 |
18298 | 泰国董里府朝迈Had Chaomai, Trang, Thailand | 07°33′N | 100°37′E | 2 | 1 600 |
18312 | 瓦努阿图埃法特Efate, Vanuatu | 17°45′S | 168°18′E | 30 | 2 400 |
18355 | 贝宁科托努Cotonou, Benin | 06°24′N | 02°13′E | 8 | 1 300 |
18402 | 所罗门科隆班加拉Kolombangara, Solomon | 08°07′S | 157°08′E | 2 | 3 500 |
18403 | 所罗门吉索Gizo, Solomon | 08°08′S | 156°54′E | 2 | 3 500 |
18565 | 毛里求斯安布雷岛Isle D'Ambre, Mauritius | 20°03′S | 57°39′E | 2 | 2 000 |
18586 | 中国广西北海Beihai, Guangxi, China | 21°35′N | 109°00′E | 2 | 1 500 |
21199 | 泰国宋卡Changwat Songkhla, Thailand | 7°33′N | 100°37′E | 2 | 2 200 |
表2
种源间生理生化性状的多重比较分析①"
种源号 Provenance No. | SOD/ (U·g-1) | CAT/ (U·g-1) | POD/ (U·g-1) | PAL/ (U·g-1) | 可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/ (mg·g-1) | 叶绿素 Chlorophyll/ (mg·g-1) | 总酚 Total phenols/ mg·(100 g-1) | 类黄酮 Flavonoid/ mg·(100 g-1) |
18013 | 355.84±60.38abc | 13.01±2.63def | 68.00±47.04b | 137.02±30.04b | 16.93±0.58bcde | 1.45±0.03cde | 951.20±313.78abc | 97.06±20.34cdef |
18040 | 337.71±9.93bc | 10.62±5.05ef | 58.00±2.00b | 140.18±15.06b | 12.08±1.54e | 1.84±0.15abc | 522.19±14.94c | 81.30±0.95ef |
18119 | 309.95±35.67bc | 19.51±0.94abcd | 43.83±18.98b | 131.31±31.10b | 17.13±1.30bcde | 2.14±0.18a | 748.47±156.72bc | 84.24±7.49ef |
18122 | 359.52±52.26abc | 21.27±0.68abc | 36.50±3.50b | 181.13±4.10ab | 17.71±1.58bcde | 1.10±0.18e | 977.51±140.21abc | 113.91±21.62bcdef |
18128 | 386.50±31.89ab | 23.31±2.24ab | 31.00±10.49b | 232.93±41.42ab | 23.76±3.80abcd | 1.70±0.17abcd | 1 258.41±292.52ab | 123.25±13.99bcdef |
18135 | 343.98±20.30bc | 24.53±2.80a | 31.50±8.34b | 211.28±27.31ab | 23.05±2.68abcd | 1.32±0.20de | 1 142.06±141.83abc | 151.10±17.63abc |
18142 | 439.52±34.05a | 20.98±2.06abc | 24.40±3.59b | 209.29±35.05ab | 26.21±1.88ab | 1.53±0.06bcde | 1 492.43±319.63a | 149.83±16.70abcd |
18144 | 319.89±39.14bc | 20.93±2.45abc | 19.50±3.43b | 226.19±55.70ab | 29.37±4.82a | 1.26±0.10de | 1 528.23±447.25a | 180.54±31.22a |
18267 | 337.31±15.46bc | 14.45±1.41cdef | 42.62±13.73b | 169.11±25.64b | 19.46±1.14bcde | 1.84±0.09abc | 830.85±110.43bc | 96.36±7.92def |
18268 | 309.97±12.18bc | 19.21±1.14abcd | 32.88±10.83b | 121.97±9.48b | 16.36±0.96cde | 1.70±0.09abcd | 729.47±81.49bc | 82.18±3.19ef |
18269 | 273.63±14.62c | 13.18±1.02def | 135.93±17.05a | 155.18±11.37b | 17.88±1.19bcde | 1.85±0.07abc | 688.77±107.80bc | 69.65±4.79f |
18297 | 350.89±20.98abc | 14.47±0.87cdef | 27.80±7.07b | 224.52±48.79ab | 18.75±2.37bcde | 1.39±0.06cde | 1 081.39±180.61abc | 117.26±10.09bcdef |
18298 | 302.65±44.15bc | 16.67±1.39bcde | 24.25±8.10b | 174.62±32.03b | 17.28±0.59bcde | 1.94±0.17ab | 875.51±188.27abc | 93.58±12.73ef |
18312 | 340.89±12.01bc | 8.94±2.44f | 189.00±8.00a | 140.83±1.48b | 14.51±1.12de | 1.49±0.12bcde | 667.14±386.46bc | 80.88±18.80ef |
18355 | 300.45±32.83bc | 12.60±3.66def | 25.00±2.00b | 300.19±171.58a | 25.19±8.47abc | 1.71±0.22abcd | 1 529.12±543.19a | 158.44±65.24ab |
18402 | 321.11±17.22bc | 14.93±1.59cdef | 26.45±4.52b | 185.44±18.65ab | 20.41±2.00bcde | 1.67±0.11abcd | 1 003.74±117.45abc | 113.80±10.69bcdef |
18403 | 304.91±18.04bc | 19.66±2.03abcd | 48.82±10.30b | 221.90±40.72ab | 23.55±2.82abcd | 1.51±0.05bcde | 769.30±104.55bc | 128.79±17.59bcde |
18565 | 362.40±13.13abc | 20.93±1.13abc | 13.75±0.56b | 140.83±15.09b | 17.59±1.60bcde | 1.08±0.05e | 770.88±60.88bc | 123.27±12.91bcdef |
18586 | 333.55±18.80bc | 13.28±1.73def | 71.00±34.52b | 145.16±28.63b | 18.66±2.62bcde | 1.83±0.09abc | 668.33±91.49bc | 79.96±9.98ef |
21199 | 313.21±13.59bc | 14.30±0.80cdef | 30.75±10.15b | 149.43±16.08b | 17.44±1.91bcde | 1.61±0.08bcd | 673.97±80.01bc | 101.23±10.76cdef |
表3
8个生理生化性状间相关性分析①"
性状 Trait | SOD | CAT | POD | PAL | 可溶性糖 Soluble sugar | 叶绿素 Chlorophyll | 总酚 Total phenols | 类黄酮 Flavonoid |
SOD | 1 | |||||||
CAT | 0.233** | 1 | ||||||
POD | -0.319** | -0.327** | 1 | |||||
PAL | 0.112 | 0.354** | 0.007 | 1 | ||||
可溶性糖Soluble sugar | 0.062 | 0.328** | -0.054 | 0.771** | 1 | |||
叶绿素Chlorophyll | -0.255** | -0.282** | 0.253** | -0.080 | -0.063 | 1 | ||
总酚Total phenols | 0.330** | 0.319** | -0.094 | 0.673** | 0.604** | -0.164 | 1 | |
类黄酮Flavonoid | 0.280** | 0.466** | -0.315** | 0.765** | 0.766** | -0.352** | 0.722** | 1 |
表4
生理生化性状与病情特征间相关性分析①"
性状Traits | SOD | CAT | POD | PAL | 可溶性糖 Soluble sugar | 叶绿素 Chlorophyll | 总酚 Total phenols | 类黄酮 Flavonoid |
相对病害强度RDI | -0.418* | -0.551** | 0.711** | -0.679** | -0.699** | 0.525* | -0.736** | -0.823** |
(0.038) | (0.007) | (0.000) | (0.001) | (0.000) | (0.010) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
病情指数Disease index | -0.418* | -0.537** | 0.736* | -0.655** | -0.662** | 0.506* | -0.703** | -0.793** |
(0.038) | (0.009) | (0.000) | (0.001) | (0.001) | (0.013) | (0.000) | (0.000) |
表5
优良种源筛选及各性状表现"
种源号 Provenance No. | I | SOD | CAT | POD | PAL | 可溶性糖 Soluble sugar | 叶绿素 Chlorophyll | 总酚 Total phenols | 类黄酮 Flavonoid |
18144 | 0.599 7 | 319.89 | 20.93 | 19.50 | 226.19 | 29.37 | 1.26 | 1 528.23 | 180.54 |
18142 | 0.569 2 | 439.52 | 20.98 | 24.40 | 209.29 | 26.21 | 1.53 | 1 492.43 | 149.83 |
18135 | 0.537 6 | 343.98 | 24.53 | 31.50 | 211.28 | 23.05 | 1.32 | 1 142.06 | 151.10 |
18355 | 0.521 4 | 300.45 | 12.60 | 25.00 | 300.19 | 25.19 | 1.71 | 1 529.12 | 158.44 |
18128 | 0.518 7 | 386.50 | 23.31 | 31.00 | 232.93 | 23.76 | 1.70 | 1 258.41 | 123.25 |
18122 | 0.465 1 | 359.52 | 21.27 | 36.50 | 181.13 | 17.71 | 1.10 | 977.51 | 113.91 |
入选均值Mean | 339.70 | 21.10 | 28.00 | 203.66 | 23.54 | 1.18 | 1 252.87 | 147.23 |
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