外源茉莉酸甲酯对红椿苗木干旱损伤的缓解作用及生理机制

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230648

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究外源喷施茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）对红椿苗木干旱损伤的缓解作用及其缓解生理机制，确定MeJA提升红椿耐旱性的关键调控因子。方法: 以2年生红椿苗木为材料，采用盆栽控水试验，以叶面喷洒MeJA溶液的方式，探讨MeJA对中度干旱胁迫下红椿生长以及渗透调节、抗氧化和光合等生理过程的缓解作用。结果: MeJA能缓解干旱对红椿苗木的生长抑制，恢复细胞形态，提高苗高和叶片生长速度；MeJA可促进红椿叶片可溶性蛋白（SP）和淀粉（St）的积累，恢复细胞渗透势；MeJA还可通过提高叶片AsA-GSH循环的效率，增强对活性氧（ROS）的清除能力，降低丙二醛（MDA）、超氧阴离子（O₂$ \bar{\cdot} $）、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）含量，减轻氧化损伤，保护细胞结构和功能，提高红椿苗木的抗旱能力；此外，外源MeJA能够抑制干旱胁迫下红椿叶片叶绿素的分解，增大气孔导度（g_s），维持其光合能力。PLS模型的VIP分析进一步表明，SP是影响红椿抗旱性的关键控制因子，其次是O₂$ \bar{\cdot} $、g_s和蒸腾速率（Tr）。结论: 外源MeJA主要通过提高干旱胁迫下红椿叶片的渗透调节能力和抗氧化能力，增大气孔导度，改善光合作用，从而有效地缓解干旱胁迫对红椿苗木的损伤，研究结果为红椿抗旱调节物质开发和抗旱栽培提供了一种新的思路。

关键词: 红椿, 茉莉酸甲酯, 干旱胁迫, 光合特性, 生理特性

Abstract:

Objective: To explore the alleviation effect of exogenous spraying methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on drought damage of T. ciliata seedlings and its physiological mechanism, and to determine the key regulatory factors of MeJA to improve the drought tolerance of T. ciliata. Method: In this study, 2-year-old T. ciliata seedlings were used as materials, and pot water control experiments were conducted to explore the mitigation effects of MeJA on the growth, osmotic regulation, antioxidant and photosynthetic physiological processes of T. ciliata under moderate drought stress by spraying MeJA solution on the leaves. Result: MeJA could alleviate the growth inhibition of drought on T. ciliata seedlings, restore cell morphology, and increase plant height and leaf growth rate. MeJA could promote the accumulation of soluble protein (SP) and starch (St) in T. ciliata leaves and restore cell osmotic potential. MeJA could also enhance the scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by enhancing the efficiency of AsA-GSH cycle in leaves, reduce the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide anion (O₂$ \bar{\cdot} $) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), reduce oxidative damage, protect cell structure and function, and improve the drought resistance of T. ciliata seedlings. In addition, exogenous MeJA could inhibit the decomposition of chlorophyll in T. ciliata leaves under drought stress, increase stomatal conductance (g_s) and maintain its photosynthetic capacity. The VIP analysis of the PLS model further showed that SP was the key control factor affecting the drought resistance of T. ciliata, followed by O₂$ \bar{\cdot} $ , g_s and transpiration rate (T_r). Conclusion: Exogenous MeJA can effectively alleviate the damage of drought stress to T. ciliata seedlings by improving the osmotic adjustment ability and antioxidant capacity of T. ciliata leaves under drought stress, increasing stomatal conductance and improving photosynthesis. The results provide a new idea for the development of drought-resistant regulators and drought-resistant cultivation of T. ciliata.

Key words: Toona ciliata, methyl jasmonate, drought stress, photosynthetic characteristics, physiological characteristics

中图分类号:

S722.3

周凡博,刘玉民,刘亚敏,代崇雯,高琦,张钰林,朱娅婷. 外源茉莉酸甲酯对红椿苗木干旱损伤的缓解作用及生理机制[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(12): 58-71.

Fanbo Zhou,Yumin Liu,Yamin Liu,Chongwen Dai,Qi Gao,Yulin Zhang,Yating Zhu. Alleviation Effect and Physiological Mechanism of Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate on Drought Damage of Toona ciliata Seedlings[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(12): 58-71.

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处理 Treatments	苗高增量 Height increment/cm	叶长增量 Leaf length increment/cm	叶宽增量 Leaf width increment/cm
CK	5.31±0.36a	0.70±0.09a	0.33±0.04a
MD	3.63±0.30c	0.50±0.08c	0.17±0.06c
MD+MeJA	4.69±0.15b	0.60±0.05b	0.21±0.02b

处理 Treatments	叶绿素a Chlorophyll a	叶绿素b Chlorophyll b	叶绿素总含量 Chlorophyll a+b
CK	17.763±0.243	4.859±0.156	26.540±0.567
MD	12.985±0.848	2.999±0.214	18.562±1.130
MD+MeJA	14.358±0.870	3.589±0.326	20.371±1.297

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