2种叶型膏桐幼苗的形态结构和光合特性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20221204

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 明确2种叶型膏桐叶片形态结构和光合特性差异，探讨皱叶膏桐高产原因，为膏桐遗传改良与高效栽培提供参考。方法: 观测膏桐和皱叶膏桐的叶形态、解剖结构、光谱反射特性、叶绿素荧光特性以及光合参数日变化，探究不同叶形态膏桐幼苗的光合作用能力差异。结果: 1) 除叶柄长度外，皱叶膏桐的叶长、叶宽及叶面积均显著低于膏桐。2) 皱叶膏桐的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量均显著高于膏桐，2种膏桐叶片中的可溶性糖含量无显著差异。3) 皱叶膏桐的叶肉细胞体积显著小于膏桐，并且两者排列方式不同。4) 在绿光波段和近红外光波段，皱叶膏桐叶片的反射率明显低于膏桐。5) 光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)反应中心最大光化学效率F_v/F_m和潜在化学效率F_v/F₀，均无显著差异；皱叶膏桐PS Ⅱ反应中心参数Y(Ⅱ)和F_v′/F_m′均高于膏桐；2种膏桐的PSⅡ调节性能量耗散的电子产量Y(NPQ)和PSⅡ非调节性能量耗散的电子产量Y(NO)日变化趋势均一致，但皱叶膏桐的Y(NPQ)高于膏桐，Y(NO)低于膏桐，表明皱叶膏桐的光保护机制优于膏桐；在8:00—14:00时段内，皱叶膏桐的净光合速率参数P_n、气孔导度参数G_s以及蒸腾速率参数Tr均高于膏桐；在14:00—18:00时段内，膏桐的光合参数均呈下降趋势，皱叶膏桐则有不同程度的回升。结论: 与膏桐相比，皱叶膏桐叶片面积较小，叶绿素含量较高，对光的截留、吸收以及光能转化的能力均较强；在高强光条件下，皱叶膏桐的光损害调节能力更强，具有更强的光合作用能力，即皱叶膏桐的形态结构更利于植物进行光合作用。

关键词: 膏桐, 皱叶膏桐, 叶形态结构, 光合特性

Abstract:

Objective: The purpose of this study is to clarify the differences in leaf morphological structure and photosynthetic characteristics between Jatropha nigroviensrugosus cv. Yang and J. curcas, which have two different leaf types, and also to explore the reasons for the high yield of J. nigroviensrugosus cv. Yang and provide a reference for genetic improvement and efficient cultivation of Jatropha. Method: The leaf phenotype parameters, leaf anatomical structure parameters, spectral reflection characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and diurnal changes of photosynthetic parameters observed and measured in order to explore the effects of different leaf morphological structures on the photosynthetic capacity of J. nigroviensrugosus cv. Yang and J. curcas. Result: 1) Except the petiole length, the leaf length, leaf width and leaf area of J. nigroviensrugosus cv. Yang were significantly lower than those of J. curcas. 2) The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in J. nigroviensrugosus cv. Yang were significantly higher than those in J. curcas, but there was no significant difference in the content of soluble sugar between them. 3) The volume of mesophyll cells of J. nigroviensrugosus cv. Yang was significantly smaller than that of J. curcas, and the arrangement of mesophyll cells of them was different. 4) The reflectance of leaves of J. nigroviensrugosus cv. Yang was significantly lower than that of J. curcas in the green band and near infrared band. 5) There was no significant difference between the maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m) and the potential activity (F_v/F₀) of PSⅡ reaction center. Both the parameters Y (Ⅱ) reaction center and F_v′/F_m′ of J. nigroviensrugosus cv. Yang were higher than those of J. curcas. The diurnal variation trends of the electron yield Y(NPQ) of PSⅡ-regulated energy dissipation and the electron yield Y(NO) of PSⅡ non-regulatory energy dissipation of the two were the same, but J. nigroviensrugosus cv. Yang had a higher Y(NPQ) and a lower Y(NO) than J. curcas, which indicating that the photoprotective mechanism of J. nigroviensrugosus cv. Yang is better than that of J. curcas. Their quenching parameters (q_P) and parameters Y (NPQ) were approximately the same and their energy dissipation NPQ and Y (NO) had similar trend. It was seen that the photoprotection mechanism of J. nigroviensrugosus cv. Yang was better than that of J. curcas. From 8:00 to 16:00, net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s) and transpiration rate (Tr) of J. nigroviensrugosus cv. Yang were all higher than those of J. curcas. During the period of 16:00—18:00, the photosynthetic parameters of J. curcas. showed a downward trend, while those of J. nigroviensrugosus cv. Yang showed an upward trend. Conclusion: Compared with J. curcass, J. nigroviensrugosus cv. Yang has a smaller leaf area, higher chlorophyll content, and better light interception, absorption and light energy conversion. Under the condition of strong light, the light damage adjustment ability and photosynthesis ability of the leaves of J. nigroviensrugosus cv. Yang are better than that of. J. curcas, that is, the morphological structure of J. nigroviensrugosus cv. Yang is more conducive to the photosynthesis of plants.

Key words: Jatropha curcas, Jatropha nigroviensrugosus cv. Yang, leaf morphology, photosynthetic characteristics

中图分类号:

S718.43

孟畅,彭洋,赵杨,王秀荣,肖枫. 2种叶型膏桐幼苗的形态结构和光合特性[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(12): 32-41.

Chang Meng,Yang Peng,Yang Zhao,Xiurong Wang,Feng Xiao. Morphological Structure and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Jatropha nigroviensrugosus cv. Yang and Jatropha curcas Seedlings with Different Leaf Types[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(12): 32-41.

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品种Variety type	叶型 Leaf types	叶长 Leaf length/cm	叶宽 Leaf width/cm	叶柄长 Petiole length/cm	叶面积 Leaf area/cm²
膏桐J. curcas	正常叶 Normal leaf	11.2±1.96a	11.8±2.27a	10.3±4.43a	113.1±32.78a
皱叶膏桐J. nigroviensrugosus CV Yang	皱叶 Wrinkled leaf	7.5±1.03b	9.1±1.37b	21.2±3.75b	55.8±14.71b

叶片结构 Leaf Structure	皱叶叶型Jn Wrinkled leaf	正常叶叶型Jc Normal leaf
叶厚Leaf thickness/μm	196.38±16.71b	234.82±18.14a
栅栏组织厚Palisade tissue thicknes/μm	47.76±6.49b	86.01± 8.96a
海绵组织厚Sponge tissue thicknes/μm	117.98±13.82b	105.26±12.39a
上表皮细胞长Upper epidermal cell length/μm	28.27±7.11b	33.93±8.51a
上表皮细胞厚Upper epidermal cell weight/μm	15.7±4.06b	25.26±4.38a
第一层栅栏组织细胞长The first layer of palisade tissue cells length/μm	44.08±4.80b	61.93±4.91a
第一层栅栏组织细胞厚The first layer of palisade tissue cells weight/μm	6.37±3.10b	7.57±1.27a
下表皮细胞长Lower epidermis cell length/μm	21.80±5.70b	25.63±6.51a
下表皮细胞厚Lower epidermis cell weight/μm	11.09±2.16b	16.67±3.16a
栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度Palisade tissue /spongy tissue(P/S)	0.411±0.08b	0.830±0.14a
叶片组织细胞结构紧密度Cell tense ratio (%)	24.49±3.86b	36.83±4.65a
叶片组织细胞结构疏松度Spongy ratio (%)	60.34±7.37a	45.07±6.21b

叶型 Leaf types	ChlNDI	SIPI	PRI
正常叶 Jc normal leaf	0.556±0.032a	0.999±0.023a	0.0361±0.014a
皱叶 Jn wrinkled leaf	0.591±0.087a	1.015±0.022a	0.0146±0.006b

项目 Item	皱叶叶型Jn Wrinkled leaf	正常叶Jc Normal leaf
F₀	285.56±21.28a	308.44±22.45b
F_m	1 402.33 ±157.68a	1 571.22±130.17b
F_v/F_m	0.80±0.01a	0.80±0.01a
F_v/F_o	3.90±0.32a	4.10±0.30a
初始斜率α	0.11±0.01a	0.09±0.01b
光抑制参数β	0.00±0.00a	-0.01±0.00a
最大电子传递速率 ETR_max/(μmol·m^-2s^-1)	27.72±5.45a	23.48±5.33a
半饱和光强 I_k/(μmol·m^-2s^-1)	247.35±39.10a	256.84±57.02a

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