林业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (5): 53-64.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220506
张俊杰1,刘青2,韦霄3,*,张建军1,郭庭鸿1
收稿日期:
2020-12-30
出版日期:
2022-05-25
发布日期:
2022-08-19
通讯作者:
韦霄
基金资助:
Junjie Zhang1,Qing Liu2,Xiao Wei3,*,Jianjun Zhang1,Tinghong Guo1
Received:
2020-12-30
Online:
2022-05-25
Published:
2022-08-19
Contact:
Xiao Wei
摘要:
目的: 研究岩溶山地的珍稀濒危树种金丝李苗对光照的需求及适应规律, 为其引种、迁地保护、种群复壮、规模化栽培和用于岩溶山体生态恢复提供依据。方法: 将3年生金丝李幼苗进行为期2年相对光强10%、25%、50%和100%处理(分别记为RI10%、RI25%、RI50%和RI100%), 对其生长和叶片特征、生物量分配、光合特性、叶片光合色素含量及叶绿素荧光参数进行比较, 分析其对不同光环境的适应机制。结果: 1) 金丝李幼苗在4种光强下均能生长, 2年后RI25%和RI50%的地径、株高和冠幅显著大于RI10%和RI100%处理。2) RI25%的单叶面积和叶片厚度显著大于其他处理, 生物量、比叶面积和叶面积比随光强增加呈先增大后减小的趋势, RI100%的根生物量比与根冠比最大, 显著大于RI10%处理。3) 第1年, 幼苗的最大净光合速率(Pmax)和表观量子效率(AQY)的排序为RI50%>RI25%>RI100%>RI10%, 光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)和暗呼吸速率(Rd)均随着光强的增加而增大; 第2年RI50%、RI25%和RI10%的Pmax和AQY值差异不显著, 但均大于RI100%处理, 除RI100%的LSP相比第1年降低外, RI10%、RI25%和RI50%处理的LSP均相较第1年增高; 全天净光合速率(Pn)最高值排序为RI50%≈RI25%>RI10%>RI100%; 在全天大部分时间里, RI100%的Pn、气孔限制值(Ls)、水分利用效率(WUE)和光能利用效率(LUE)均低于RI10%、RI25%和RI50%处理, 胞间CO2浓度(Ci)则高于其他光强处理。4) 幼苗叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b及类胡萝卜素含量均随着光强的增加显著降低; RI100%的类胡萝卜素与叶绿素的比值显著大于其他3种光强处理。5) 第2年, 可变荧光(Fv)、潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、表观电子传递速率(ETR)和光化学淬灭系数(qP)均以RI25%最高, 与第1年相比变化显著, 但RI100%的上述参数显著低于其他3种光强处理。结论: 金丝李幼苗在形态及光合生理上具有对光环境的调节和适应能力。全光环境下幼苗受胁迫导致生长缓慢; 在重度遮荫下虽生长较慢但各项光合生理指标均正常, 表明其对弱光有一定的适应能力; 而在相对光照为25%~50%的环境下生长良好, 其幼苗叶片可通过增加对光能的吸收能力及提高PSⅡ反应中心的光化学效率来充分利用光能。人工培育幼苗时需适度遮荫。森林过度采伐造成的强光胁迫可能是金丝李致濒的环境因子之一。
中图分类号:
张俊杰,刘青,韦霄,张建军,郭庭鸿. 光强对金丝李幼苗生长及光合特性的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(5): 53-64.
Junjie Zhang,Qing Liu,Xiao Wei,Jianjun Zhang,Tinghong Guo. Influence of Light Intensity on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Garcinia paucinervis seedlings[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(5): 53-64.
表1
不同光强下金丝李幼苗的生长情况①"
日期 Date | 相对光强 Relative intensity | 地径Ground Diameter/mm | 株高Plant height/cm | 冠幅Crown Width/cm | 分枝数 Branch number |
2016-06 | RI10% | 2.95±0.14 ab | 16.77±0.97 a | 13.39±0.62 a | 0 |
RI25% | 2.76±0.11 b | 15.53±0.92 a | 14.26±0.79 a | 0 | |
RI50% | 3.05±0.13 ab | 16.01±0.97 a | 12.87±0.84 a | 0 | |
RI100% | 3.17±0.10 a | 17.74±0.83 a | 14.37±0.34 a | 0 | |
2016-12 | RI10% | 4.66±0.14 b | 27.55±0.99 b | 22.82±0.79 b | 1.3±0.3 b |
RI25% | 4.96±0.17 ab | 32.79±1.79 a | 26.11±0.72 a | 1.9±0.3 ab | |
RI50% | 5.14±0.15 a | 33.75±1.64 a | 25.64±1.12 a | 1.9±0.3 ab | |
RI100% | 5.16±0.15 a | 29.58±1.07 ab | 20.16±0.57 c | 2.3±0.3 a | |
2017-09 | RI10% | 5.80±0.21 c | 38.73±1.64 b | 26.69±0.77 b | 1.9±0.4 c |
RI25% | 7.22±0.22 a | 46.68±2.82 a | 38.40±2.19 a | 3.9±0.4 b | |
RI50% | 7.56±0.26 a | 47.87±1.93 a | 37.50±2.28 a | 5.1±0.3 a | |
RI100% | 6.50±0.20 b | 36.91±1.28 b | 28.49±1.33 b | 3.9±0.5 b |
表2
不同光强下金丝李幼苗叶片特征与生物量分配策略"
相对光强 Relative intensity | 单叶面积 Leaf area/ cm2 | 叶片厚度 Leaf thickness/ mm | 叶片数 Number of leaves | 生物量 Biomass/ g | 比叶面积 SLA/(cm2·g-1) | 叶面积比 LAR/(cm2·g-1) | 根生物量比 RMR | 根冠比 R/S |
RI10% | 33.88±1.48 b | 0.39±0.01 c | 28.0±2.0 c | 12.989±0.982 b | 98.27±2.53 a | 62.52±3.97 a | 0.211±0.010 b | 0.268±0.016 b |
RI25% | 43.65±2.08 a | 0.49±0.01 a | 46.2±2.1 ab | 34.173±2.896 a | 90.33±2.74 b | 54.70±1.95 ab | 0.253±0.024 ab | 0.345±0.046 ab |
RI50% | 36.51±1.42 b | 0.44±0.01 b | 50.6±2.5 a | 36.240±3.133 a | 80.91±2.00 c | 47.51±1.74 b | 0.221±0.013 ab | 0.286±0.022 ab |
RI100% | 23.40±0.81 c | 0.40±0.02 c | 40.0±2.1 b | 16.946±0.405 b | 75.06±2.60 c | 47.00±2.68 b | 0.276±0.021 a | 0.385±0.038 a |
表3
不同光强下金丝李幼苗的光合作用特征参数"
日期 Date | 相对光强 Relative intensity | 最大净光合速率Pmax/ (μmol CO2·m -2s-1) | 光饱和点LSP/ (μmol·m -2s-1) | 光补偿点LCP/ (μmol·m -2s-1) | 表观量子效率AQY/ (μmol·μmol-1) | 暗呼吸速率 Rd/(μmol CO2·m-2s-1) |
2016-09 | RI10% | 3.56±0.26 b | 460.69±38.83 b | 5.82±1.22 b | 0.015±0.001 b | 0.40±0.05 b |
RI25% | 4.76±0.43 ab | 616.99±59.82 ab | 6.77±1.29 b | 0.019±0.001 ab | 0.43±0.04 b | |
RI50% | 5.28±0.54 a | 658.95±36.88 a | 7.47±1.27 b | 0.021±0.002 a | 0.45±0.06 b | |
RI100% | 3.90±0.42 b | 724.82±64.43 a | 26.98±6.14 a | 0.017±0.001 ab | 0.84±0.14 a | |
2017-09 | RI10% | 5.09±0.12 ab | 567.96±16.18 b | 3.46±0.18 c | 0.021±0.001 ab | 0.24±0.02 c |
RI25% | 5.36±0.66 ab | 770.01±60.02 a | 6.28±1.87 bc | 0.020±0.002 ab | 0.43±0.01 bc | |
RI50% | 5.53±0.51 a | 723.21±18.14 ab | 12.09±2.23 b | 0.022±0.002 a | 0.62±0.09 ab | |
RI100% | 3.87±0.19 b | 643.06±62.92 ab | 20.27±2.13 a | 0.017±0.001 b | 0.65±0.09 a |
表4
不同光强下金丝李幼苗叶片光合色素含量及比例"
相对光强 RI | 叶绿素a Chla/(mg·g-1 FW) | 叶绿素b Chlb/(mg·g-1 FW) | 叶绿素a和叶绿素b Chl(a+b)/(mg·g-1 FW) | 叶绿素a/叶绿素b Chla/Chlb | 类胡萝卜素 Car/(mg·g-1 FW) | 类胡萝卜素/叶绿素 Car/Chl |
RI10% | 2.770±0.239 a | 1.132±0.094 a | 3.902±0.328 a | 2.451±0.083 a | 0.533±0.031 a | 0.138±0.004 b |
RI25% | 2.532±0.210 ab | 0.983±0.073 ab | 3.515±0.282 ab | 2.570±0.050 a | 0.456±0.039 a | 0.130±0.002 b |
RI50% | 2.058±0.147 b | 0.810±0.049 b | 2.868±0.193 b | 2.536±0.081 a | 0.369±0.024 b | 0.129±0.003 b |
RI100% | 1.149±0.104 c | 0.455±0.024 c | 1.605±0.127 c | 2.509±0.114 a | 0.279±0.011 c | 0.176±0.009a |
表5
不同光强下金丝李幼苗叶片的叶绿素荧光参数"
日期 Date | 相对光强 Relative intensity | 最大荧光 Fm | 可变荧光 Fv | PSⅡ最大 光化学效率 Fv/Fm | 潜在光 化学效率 Fv/Fo | 表观电子 传递速率 ETR | 光化学 淬灭系数 qP | 非光化学 淬灭系数 qN |
2016-09 | ]RI10% | 1016.83±9.79 a | 767.67±8.08 a | 0.75±0.002 a | 3.08±0.039 a | 6.26±0.24 a | 0.78±0.009 ab | 0.58±0.047 a |
RI25% | 942.83±27.56 b | 689.17±36.03 b | 0.73±0.017 a | 2.76±0.245 a | 6.50±0.58 a | 0.80±0.027 a | 0.51±0.059 ab | |
RI50% | 907.00±18.39 b | 663.67±21.90 b | 0.73±0.010 a | 2.74±0.147 a | 6.85±0.13 a | 0.81±0.015 a | 0.44±0.028 b | |
RI100% | 746.33±25.51 c | 497.50±25.10 c | 0.67±0.011 b | 2.00±0.101 b | 4.95±0.35 b | 0.73±0.015 b | 0.59±0.045 a | |
2017-09 | RI10% | 953.20±21.70 a | 699.00±25.77 a | 0.73±0.011 b | 2.77±0.169 b | 5.64±0.22 b | 0.91±0.017 a | 0.51±0.056 a |
RI25% | 919.00±21.08 a | 706.80±15.73 a | 0.77±0.003 a | 3.34±0.061 a | 6.56±0.14 a | 0.91±0.012 a | 0.30±0.041 b | |
RI50% | 857.60±17.11 b | 658.20±16.45 a | 0.77±0.004 a | 3.30±0.081 a | 6.54±0.08 a | 0.90±0.011 a | 0.27±0.019 b | |
RI100% | 619.60±13.37 c | 409.20±13.24 b | 0.66±0.009 c | 1.95±0.081 c | 5.00±0.19 c | 0.84±0.023 b | 0.33±0.034 b |
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