树种配置和叶元素含量的空气负离子浓度效应

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220507

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 在人工气候室控制试验条件下, 分析不同树种配置的空气负离子(NAI)效应以及叶片养分元素和NAI效应的关系, 旨在探究森林的NAI作用机理, 为未来康养森林的树种配置选择提供理论参考。方法: 于2018年6—9月在浙江钱江源森林生态站杭州虎山实验基地人工气候室内控制相同环境的条件下, 对6种亚热带典型树种及其配置的NAI浓度进行连续监测。同时, 测定叶元素含量。采用单因素和LSD法进行方差分析和多重比较(α=0. 05), 利用Person分析法对NAI浓度与叶养分含量进行相关分析。结果: 树叶中锰离子和钾离子含量与NAI浓度均呈显著正相关(P < 0.05), 阔叶树叶中铁离子含量与NAI浓度呈极显著正相关(P < 0.01), 针叶树叶中氮和铜离子含量与NAI浓度呈极显著正相关(P < 0.01)。不同树木组成会导致NAI浓度差异显著, 存在树种混合的交互作用。在混合树种为2种和4种时交互作用表现为正效应, 且NAI的交互效应随叶面积和单种平均NAI浓度增加而增大。在混合树种为5种和6种时交互作用表现为负效应。在混合树种为2~6种时, 交互效应与各树种混合处理的叶量呈紧密的非线性递增关系, 回归方程y = -0.063 1x² + 78.322x - 23 783。结论: 对提升植物周围的NAI浓度而言, 树叶中锰离子和钾离子含量具有积极作用, 阔叶树叶中铁离子含量和针叶树叶中氮和铜离子含量的作用更显著。不同树种的数量组成会导致NAI浓度的差异, 交互作用效应受到叶生物量、叶面积、树高配置和单个树种NAI效应的影响。总体来说, 树种配置的NAI浓度效应取决于它们之间的交互作用, 有针叶树种时更利于提升NAI浓度, 具有高NAI效应的树种处于配置最上层空间时更利于NAI浓度提升。开展树种配置和叶元素含量的NAI浓度效应研究将为高效康养森林的树种选择和结构配置提供科学依据。

关键词: 空气负离子, 亚热带地区, 人工气候室, 叶片元素含量, 树种配置

Abstract:

Objective: This study was conducted under the controlled experimental conditions in the phytotron. The effect of different tree species collocations on negative air ion (NAI) and the relationship between leaf nutrient elements and the NAI were investigated, in order to explore the mechanism of NAI production in the forest and provide a theoretical reference for the selection of tree species and their collocation in the future healthy forest. Method: The NAI concentrations of six typical subtropical tree species and their collocations were continuously monitored in a phytotron at the Hushan Experimental Base, Qianjiang Source Forest Ecology Station, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China from June to September 2018. At the same time, the leaf element content was measured. One-way ANOVA and LSD multiple comparisons (α=0.05) were used to test the collected data, and the correlation between NAI concentration and leaf nutrient content was analyzed using Person's analysis. Result: The contents of manganese and potassium ions in plant leaves were significantly positively correlated with the NAI concentration (P < 0.05), the content of iron ion in broadleaf leaves was significantly positively correlated with the NAI concentration (P < 0.01), and the contents of nitrogen and copper ions in coniferous species were significantly positively correlated with the NAI concentration (P < 0.01). Different collocations of tree species led to significant differences in NAI concentration, and there was a tree species mixing interaction. The interaction showed a positive effect when the mixed species were two and four species, and the interaction effect on NAI increased with increasing leaf area and average NAI concentration of single species. The interaction showed a negative effect when the mixed tree species were five and six species. At mixed species of 2-6 species, the interaction effect showed a tight non-linear increasing relationship with the leaf biomass of each species mixed treatment, with the regression equation y = -0.063 1x² + 78.322x – 23 783. Conclusion: For raising the NAI concentration around plants, the contents of manganese and potassium ions in leaves have a positive effect, and the content of iron ion in broad-leaved leaves and the contents of nitrogen and copper ions in coniferous leaves have a more significant effect. The quantitative composition of different tree species leads to differences in NAI concentration, and interaction effects are influenced by leaf biomass, leaf area, tree height collocation, and individual tree species NAI effects. Overall, the NAI concentration effect of the tree species collocation depends on their interaction, with coniferous species being more conducive to elevate NAI concentration and species with high NAI effects being more conducive to elevate NAI concentration when they are in the uppermost space of the collocation. The research on NAI concentration effect of tree species collocation and leaf element content would provide a scientific basis for tree species selection and structural collocation of efficient recreational forests.

Key words: negative air ion, subtropical region, phytotron, leaf element content, tree species collocation

中图分类号:

S718.5

李爱博,周本智,李春友,羊美娟,汤丽萍,王利仙. 树种配置和叶元素含量的空气负离子浓度效应[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(5): 65-74.

Aibo Li,Benzhi Zhou,Chunyou Li,Meijuan Yang,Liping Tang,Lixian Wang. Effect of Tree Species Collocation and Leaf Element Content on Negative Air Ion Concentration[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(5): 65-74.

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植物名称 Botanical name	类型 Type	苗高 Seedling height/cm	地径 Basal diameter/mm	苗龄 Seedling age/a	单株叶片生物量 Leaf biomass per plant/g	单株叶片面积 Leaf area per plant/cm²
青冈 C. glauca	常绿阔叶 Evergreen broad-leaved	105.75±6.80	7.45±1.18	2	10.28±1.97	999.23±112.74
枫香 L. formosana	落叶阔叶 Deciduous broad-leaved	98.87±4.74	7.23±1.00	2	13.16±3.19	3 108.34±471.85
红豆杉 T. chinensis	针叶 Conifer	109.17±2.32	8.05±0.60	2	19.84±2.64	2 807.79±534.71
闽楠 P. bournei	常绿阔叶 Evergreen broad-leaved	108.40±2.39	9.25±0.24	2	16.50±0.11	2 060.82±72.13
杉木 C. lanceolata	针叶 Conifer	63.30±2.69	6.43±0.41	2	8.06±1.04	1 122.35±230.34
榉树 Z. schneideriana	落叶阔叶 Deciduous broad-leaved	165.77±14.44	8.71±0.65	2	6.54±4.21	1 854.92±756.77

树种 Tree species	空气负离子浓度 NAIC (ion·cm^-3)	有机碳 Organic carbon (%)	氮 Nitrogen/ (mg·kg^-1)	磷 Phosphorus/ (mg·kg^-1)	钾离子 Potassium ion/ (mg·kg^-1)	镁离子 Magnesium ion/ (mg·kg^-1)	铜离子 Copper ion/ (mg·kg^-1)	锰离子 Manganese ion/ (mg·kg^-1)	铁离子 Iron ion/ (mg·kg^-1)
红豆杉T. chinensis	876±78a	49.87±0.60a	23.00±1.49a	2.43±0.19b	16.70±1.15a	2.05±0.36bc	6.54±0.23b	2271.67±441.15a	252.00±11.14c
枫香L. formosana	828±49a	43.53±0.71c	20.13±1.60ab	1.66±0.21cd	9.72±1.52b	2.89±0.64a	6.00±1.41bc	1867.33±139.50ab	413.00±10.15a
杉木C. lanceolata	733±42b	47.00±2.80b	12.23±1.10c	3.45±0.71a	4.23±0.91c	1.80±0.18c	5.09±0.72bc	96.90±28.17d	194.33±52.73cd
榉树Z. schneideriana	685±58b	42.73±1.42c	23.20±8.07a	2.31±0.66bc	11.90±3.30b	3.39±0.51a	9.68±2.20a	810.33±141.94c	340.00±66.73b
青冈C. glauca	677±18b	44.52±0.87c	11.81±1.36c	0.70±0.02e	4.76±1.12c	2.53±0.34 ab	4.45±0.50c	1463.67±448.99b	173.50±38.01d
闽楠P. bournei	665±17b	50.23±1.40a	16.30±1.15bc	1.54±0.11d	9.26±0.80b	1.52±0.14c	8.92±0.35a	639.33±73.82cd	186.33±30.66cd

树种组 Tree species groups	元素 Elements	Pearson相关系数 Pearson correlation coefficient	元素 Elements	Pearson相关系数 Pearson correlation coefficient	元素 Elements	Pearson相关系数 Pearson correlation coefficient
6个树种 All 6 tree species	有机碳Organic carbon	0.160	铁Iron	0.406	氮Nitrogen	0.455
	磷Phosphorus	0.252	钾Potassium	0.536^*	镁Magnesium	0.010
	铜Copper	-0.255	锰Manganese	0.647^**
阔叶树种 Broad-leaved tree species	有机碳Organic carbon	-0.387	铁Iron	0.728^**	氮Nitrogen	0.317
	磷Phosphorus	0.130	钾Potassium	0.183	镁Magnesium	0.320
	铜Copper	-0.306	锰Manganese	0.718^**
针叶树种 Conifer tree species	有机碳Organic carbon	0.655	铁Iron	0.680	氮Nitrogen	0.981^**
	磷Phosphorus	-0.768	钾Potassium	0.991^**	镁Magnesium	0.466
	铜Copper	0.855^*	锰Manganese	0.974^**

项目Item	处理Treatment
项目Item	1	2	3	4	5	6
NAI实测浓度NAI measured concentration/(ion·cm^-3)	782±52d	1 168±37b	1 264±75a	1 008±27c	625±22e	461±26f
NAI加权平均浓度NAI weighted average concentration/(ion·cm^-3)	671	804.5	852	737.75	755.8	745.75
交互作用效应 Interaction effect/(ion·cm^-3)	111	363.5	412	270.25	-130.8	-284.75

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[2]	吴楚材郑群明钟林生. 森林游憩区空气负离子水平的研究[J]. 林业科学, 2001, 37(5): 75-81.