毛乌素沙地沙柳光系统Ⅱ光保护机制和能量分配动态及其影响因子

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20201004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 通过叶绿素荧光原位连续监测技术，探究毛乌素沙地半干旱区典型固沙造林物种沙柳光系统Ⅱ能量分配及其对环境因子的响应，在日和季节尺度下揭示环境因子对沙柳光系统Ⅱ能量分配的动态影响及其光合生理适应策略特征，以期为研究地区的植被恢复管理和物种选择提供理论指导。方法: 在宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地，对固沙物种沙柳进行整个生长季（5—10月）的叶绿素荧光原位连续监测。采用Kramer光能分配方法计算相关荧光参数，采用分段平均方法对数据进行分组平均，利用线性回归在日和季节尺度分析荧光参数与环境因子关系。结果: 在日尺度，实际光化学效率（φ_PSⅡ）和调节性热耗散（φ_NPQ）与光合有效辐射（PAR）直接相关，受空气温度（T_a）、相对湿度（RH）和饱和水汽压差（VPD）的影响，非调节性热耗散（φ_NO）相对稳定。在季节尺度，生长季前期（5—6月）φ_PSⅡ和φ_NPQ分配相对均匀，φ_NO较高且在1天内稳定，最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）有低值出现。在生长季中期（7—9月），8月φ_PSⅡ降低且伴随φ_NPQ升高，8—9月φ_NO在1天内波动较大。在生长季末期（10月），φ_PSⅡ最低且φ_NPQ达到最高，φ_NO较高且在1天内稳定，F_v/F_m持续降低。结论: 在日尺度，沙柳光系统Ⅱ能量分配主要由PAR和T_a决定，同时受RH和VPD调控。在季节尺度，沙柳光系统Ⅱ能量分配随物候期而变。沙柳F_v/F_m与日最大光合有效辐射（PAR_max）（R²=0.13，P < 0.01）、T_a变化幅度（R²=0.16，P < 0.01）和土壤含水量（SWC）显著相关（R²=0.19，P < 0.01），说明高辐射、极端气温和干旱是限制沙柳光系统Ⅱ光合生理状态的主要环境胁迫因子。沙柳光系统Ⅱ能量分配在日与季节尺度的差异，很可能是由于光系统Ⅱ叶黄素循环等短期光保护机制与叶绿素浓度、比值分配等长期调控机制的差异造成。

关键词: 半干旱区, 沙柳, 叶绿素荧光, 光系统Ⅱ能量分配, 非光化学淬灭

Abstract:

With the technique of in situ continuous monitoring of chlorophyll fluorescence, the energy distribution of photosystem Ⅱ in Salix psammophila and its response to environmental factors were explored in the semi-arid area of Mu Us sandy land. The dynamic effects of environmental factors on energy distribution of the photosystem Ⅱ and their photosynthetic physiological adaptation strategies were revealed in the daily and seasonal scales, in order to provide theoretical guidance for vegetation restoration management and species selection in the study area.Method: Chlorophyll fluorescence was continuously measured in situ and fluorescence parameters were calculated using Kramer methods of light energy allocation. Result: At the diurnal scale, photochemical efficiency φ_PSⅡ) and regulated heat dissipation φ_NPQ) were directly related to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and also influenced by air temperature (T_a), relative humidity (RH) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD).The non-regulate heat dissipation φ_NO) was relatively stable. At the seasonal scale, at the early stage of the growing season (May-June), φ_PSⅡ and φ_NPQ partitioning is relatively uniform, φ_NO was higher and remained stable. Maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ photochemistry (F_v/F_m) declined. In the mid-growing season (July - September), August φ_PSⅡ significantly decreased and φ_NPQ rose. At the end of the growing season (October), φ_PSⅡ was lowest, φ_NPQ was highest, and φ_NO value was higher and more stable. F_v/F_m declined. Conclusion: On the daily scale, the energy partitioning of photosystem Ⅱ is mainly affected by PAR and T_a, while it is less regulated by RH and VPD. At the seasonal scale, energy partitioning is mainly regulated by the phenological period. F_v/F_m is significantly correlated with PAR_max (R² = 0.13, P < 0.01), T_a variation (R² = 0.16, P < 0.01) and soil moisture content (SWC) (R² = 0.19, P < 0.01), indicating that high radiation, extreme temperature and drought are the main environmental stress factors limiting the photosynthetic physiological state of Salix psammophila. Energy partitioning is likely to be caused by the difference between the short-term regulation mechanism such as photosystem Ⅱ lutein cycle and the long-term regulation mechanism such as chlorophyll. The results enrich the physiological plasticity theory of desert plants in response to environmental fluctuations and provide a scientific basis for vegetation restoration in semi-arid regions.

Key words: semi-arid, Salix psammophila, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosystem Ⅱ energy partitioning, non-photochemical quenching

中图分类号:

S718.51

靳川,查天山,贾昕,田赟,周文君,卫腾宙. 毛乌素沙地沙柳光系统Ⅱ光保护机制和能量分配动态及其影响因子[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(10): 34-44.

Chuan Jin,Tianshan Zha,Xin Jia,Yun Tian,Wenjun Zhou,Tengzhou Wei. Light Energy Partitioning, Photoprotection and Influencing Factors of PhotosystemⅡ in an Exotic Species (Salix psammophila) in Mu Us Sandy Land[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(10): 34-44.

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叶绿素荧光参数 Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters	环境因子 Environmental factors	拟合方程 Fitting equation	决定系数R² Coefficient of determination R²	显著水平P Significant level P
实际光化学效率 Photochemical efficiency	最大光合有效辐射 Maximal daily photosynthetic active radiation	y = 0.80-1.13×10^-4x	0.26	< 0.05
	相对湿度 Relative humidity	y = 0.51-1.88×10^-3x	0.14	< 0.01
	饱和水汽压差 Vapor pressure deficit	y = 0.67-5.04×10^-2x	0.11	< 0.01
非光化学淬灭 Non-photochemical quenching	土壤含水量 Soil water content	y = 2.06-1.50×10 x	0.12	< 0.01
最大光化学效率 Maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ photochemistry	最大光合有效辐射 Maximal daily photosynthetic active radiation	y = 0.85-9.49×10^-6x	0.13	< 0.01
	空气温度变化幅度 Range of air temperature	y = 0.84-6.97×10^-2x	0.16	< 0.01
	土壤含水量 Soil water content	y = 0.76-1.21×10^-1x	0.19	< 0.01

叶绿素荧光参数 Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters	环境因子 Environmental factors	拟合方程 Fitting equation	决定系数 Coefficient of determination(R²)	显著水平 Significant level(P)
实际光化学效率 Photochemical efficiency	光合有效辐射 Photosynthetic active radiation	y = 0.73-4.93×10^-4x+1.67×10^-7x²	0.98	< 0.01
	空气温度 Air temperature	y = 0.63+1.24×10^-2x-6.91×10^-4x²	0.82	< 0.01
	相对湿度 Relative humidity	y = 0.42+3.43×10^-3x	0.96	< 0.01
	饱和水汽压差 Vapor pressure deficit	y = 0.72-9.85×10^-2x	0.87	< 0.01
非光化学淬灭 Non-photochemical quenching	光合有效辐射 Photosynthetic active radiation	y = 0.52+1.11×10^-3x	0.93	< 0.01
	空气温度 Air temperature	y = 0.25+4.06×10^-3x+1.79×10^-3x²	0.71	< 0.01
	相对湿度 Relative humidity	y = 1.87-1.71×10^-2x	0.69	< 0.01
	饱和水汽压差 Vapor pressure deficit	y = 0.44+4.09×10^-1x	0.83	< 0.01

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