农户对退耕还林工程满意度的影响因素及提升路径——基于云南省鹤庆县和贵州省织金县的调查数据

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20191213

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 揭示退耕还林农户满意度的影响因素及作用机制，为退耕还林工程直接参与者满意度的提升和退耕还林工程的可持续发展提供科学依据。方法: 在借鉴相关理论的基础上，构建退耕还林农户满意度影响因素的理论模型，基于云南省鹤庆县和贵州省织金县的273份调查数据，应用Spss24.0软件的Amos组件，运用极大似然法对理论模型进行参数估计。在参数估计之前，对本研究设计的量表进行信度和效度检验，并对构建的理论模型与实际数据适配度进行检验，以确保参数估计结果的准确性。结果: 1）农户对退耕还林工程的认知度对于其参与度和满意度的影响，P值都小于0.01，路径系数分别为0.193和0.254，说明农户对退耕还林工程的认知度显著正向影响农户对退耕还林工程的参与度和满意度；2）农户对退耕还林工程的参与度对于其满意度的影响，P值小于0.01，路径系数为0.607，说明农户对退耕还林工程的参与度显著正向影响农户对退耕还林工程的满意度；3）退耕还林工程的执行度对农户退耕还林工程认知度和满意度的影响，P值都小于0.01，路径系数分别为0.425和0.294，说明退耕还林工程的执行度显著正向影响农户对退耕还林工程的认知度和满意度；4）退耕还林工程的执行度对于其参与度的影响，P值为0.145，显著大于0.05，说明退耕还林工程的执行度对农户退耕还林工程的参与度影响不显著。结论: 农户的认知度和参与度及工程执行度是影响农户对退耕还林工程满意度的重要因素；退耕还林工程的执行度和农户的认知度都显著影响农户的退耕还林工程参与度；退耕还林工程的执行度显著影响农户对工程的认可度和工程发展预期；认知度和参与度是理论模型重要的中介变量，不仅二者直接影响满意度，而且执行度也通过认知度这一中介变量间接影响农户对退耕还林工程的满意度。进一步提高农户对退耕还林工程的政策知晓度和认知度、不断完善补偿方式、提高补偿标准和延长补偿期限、强化退耕还林工程技术支持、及时完善退耕还林工程管理手段和方法，可以进一步增强退耕还林农户的满意度。

关键词: 农户, 退耕还林, 满意度, 影响因素, 结构方程模型

Abstract:

Objectve: To reveal the influencing factors and mechanism of the satisfaction of farmers with the grain for green project, and to provide a scientific basis for improving the satisfaction of direct participants in the grain for green project and promoting the sustainable development of the grain for green project. Method: Based on the relevant theories, the theoretical model for the factors affecting the farmers' satisfaction with the grain for green project was constructed. Based on a survey data from 273 farmers of Heqing county of Yunnan province and Zhijin county of Guizhou province, the Amos component of Spss24.0 software was used. The maximum likelihood method was used to estimate the parameters of the theoretical structural equations model. Result: 1) The impact of farmers' cognition of the grain for green project on their participation and satisfaction, P value is less than 0.01, the path coefficient is 0.193 and 0.254 respectively, indicating that the farmers' cognition of the grain for green project has a significant positive impact on farmers' participation and satisfaction of the project; 2) The influence of farmers' participation in the grain for green project on their satisfaction, P value is less than 0.01, and the path coefficient is 0.607, indicating that the participation of farmers in the grain for green project has a significant positive impact on farmers' satisfaction with the grain for green project; 3)The influence of the implementation degree of the grain for green project on farmers' recognition and satisfaction, P value is less than 0.01, the coefficients are 0.425 and 0.294 respectively, indicating that the implementation of the grain for green project significantly affects the farmers' cognition and satisfaction with the project; 4) The impact of the implementation of the grain for green project on their participation, P value is 0.145, which is significantly greater than 0.05, indicating that the implementation degree of the project has no significant effect on the farmers' participation in the project. Conclusion: The cognition and participation of farmers and the implementation degree are important factors affecting the farmers' satisfaction; the implementation and the farmers' cognition have significantly affected the farmers' participation in the project; The implementation degree significantly affects the farmers' cognition and farmers' expectation of the project; the degree of cognition and participation are important mediators of the theoretical model, not only do they directly affect satisfaction, but other variables indirectly affect farmers' satisfaction with the project through the two factors. Farmers' satisfaction can be further enhanced by further improving farmers' policy awareness and recognition of the project, continuously improving compensation method, improving compensation standards, extending compensation period, strengthening technical support, and timely improving management methods and means for the grain for green project.

Key words: farmer, grain for green, satisfaction degree, influencing factors, structural equations model

中图分类号:

F307.2

张连刚,支玲,王光玉,李娅. 农户对退耕还林工程满意度的影响因素及提升路径——基于云南省鹤庆县和贵州省织金县的调查数据[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(12): 123-132.

Liangang Zhang,Ling Zhi,Guangyu Wang,Ya Li. Influencing Factors and Improving Path of Farmers' Satisfaction with the Grain for Green Project: A Case Study of Heqing County in Yunnan Province and Zhijin County in Guizhou Province[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55(12): 123-132.

图/表 6

图1

表1

变量定义及描述性分析"

观察变量 Observed variable	变量说明 Explanation of variable	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation
工程预期 Expectation of the project	您认为退耕还林工程能长久坚持下去吗？Do you think if the grain for green project can be carried on for long?	4.06	0.955
政策知晓 Understanding of the policy	您了解退耕还林工程的政策内容吗？ Do you know the policy of the grain for green project?	2.60	1.212
工程认可 Identification with the project	您认为退耕还林工程有必要继续实施吗？Do you think if it is necessary to carry on the grain for green project?	3.95	0.982
资金投入意愿 Willing of capital investment	您在承包经营林地上是否愿意投入较大资金？Are you willing to invest more money in your contracted woodland?	2.89	1.247
投工参与程度 Degree of labor participation	您投工参与林草业管护或经营的程度？How much do you want to participate in the management of your contracted woodland?	2.21	1.426
林地长期经营意愿 Intention of long woodland operation	对于您家的林地，是否有长期经营的打算？Are you willing to operate your own woodland in the long run?	3.78	1.077
政策兑现 Policy fulfillment	您认为退耕还林补偿款的及时或足额兑现情况如何？Do you think if your compensation can be fulfilled instantly and entirely?	3.81	0.863
补偿透明度 Compensation transparency	您认为退耕还林补偿方案的透明度如何？What is the transparency of the compensation scheme for the grain for green project？	3.71	0.920
自我能力发展满意(补偿方式满意) Satisfaction with self-development(Satisfaction with compensation method)	您对退耕还林补偿方式的满意度如何？How satisfied are you with the compensation method for the grain for green project?	3.86	0.952
利益补偿满意(补偿标准满意) Satisfaction with interest compensation (Satisfaction with compensation standard)	您对退耕还林补偿标准的满意度如何？How satisfied are you with the compensation standard for the grain for green project?	3.44	1.059
政策稳定性满意(补偿期限满意) Satisfaction with policy stability(Satisfaction with compensation deadline)	您对退耕还林补偿期限的满意度如何？How satisfied are you with the compensation deadline for the grain for green project?	3.44	1.063
技术支持满意 Satisfaction with technical support	您对退耕还林工程的技术支持满意度如何？How satisfied are you with the technical guidance for the grain for green project?	3.26	1.330

表1

表2

表3

图2

表4

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潜在变量 Latent variable	Cronbach’s α系数 Cronbach’s α coefficient	观测变量 Observed variables	因子载荷 Factor loading
认知度 Cognition degree	0.802	工程预期Expectation of the project	0.731
		政策知晓Understanding of the policy	0.662
		工程认可Identification with the project	0.755
参与度 Participation degree	0.921	资金投入意愿Willing of capital investment	0.692
		投工参与程度Degree of labor participation	0.838
		林地长期经营意愿Intention of long woodland operation	0.712
执行度 Implementation degree	0.887	政策兑现Policy fulfillment	0.739
执行度 Implementation degree	0.887	补偿透明度Compensation transparency	0.805
满意度 Satisfaction degree	0.831	自我能力发展满意(补偿方式满意) Satisfaction with self-development (Satisfaction with compensation method)	0.739
		利益补偿满意(补偿标准满意) Satisfaction with interest compensation (Satisfaction with compensation standard)	0.878
		政策稳定性满意(补偿期限满意) Satisfaction with policy stability (Satisfaction with compensation deadline)	0.796
		技术支持满意Satisfaction with technical support	0.805

指数分类 Index classification	检验指数 Test index	适配标准 Adaptation standard	初始模型拟合值 Initial model fit	最终模型拟合值 Final model fit
简约拟合指数 Simple fitting index	χ²/df	＜2	2.175	1.838
	PNFI	＞0.5	0.536	0.531
	PCFI	＞0.5	0.719	0.637
绝对拟合指数 Absolute fitting index	GFI	＞0.9	0.866	0.923
绝对拟合指数 Absolute fitting index	RMSEA	＜0.08	0.069	0.061
相对拟合指数 Relative fitting index	IFI	＞0.9	0.944	0.907
	TLI	＞0.9	0.871	0.915
	RFI	＞0.9	0.937	0.956

研究假说 Hypothesis	研究假说路径 Hypothesis path	标准化系数 Standard coefficients	P	结论 Conclusion
H1	农户对退耕还林工程的认知度正向影响其满意度Farmers’ cognition of the project positively affects their satisfaction	0.254	^***	接受 Acceptance
H2	农户对退耕还林工程的认知度正向影响其参与度Farmers’ cognition of the project positively affects their participation	0.193	^***	接受 Acceptance
H3	农户对退耕还林工程的参与度正向影响其满意度Farmers’ participation in the project positively affects their satisfaction	0.607	^***	接受 Acceptance
H4	退耕还林工程的执行度正向影响农户对其认知度The implementation of the project positively affects farmers’ cognition of the project	0.425	^***	接受 Acceptance
H5	退耕还林工程的执行度正向影响农户对其参与度The implementation of the project positively affects farmers’ participation in the project	0.411	0.145	拒绝 Refusal
H6	退耕还林工程的执行度正向影响农户对其满意度The implementation of the project positively affects farmers’ satisfaction on the project	0.294	^***	接受 Acceptance

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