近自然化改造对马尾松和杉木人工林土壤有机碳化学稳定性的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250243

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to explore the effects of close-to-nature transformation on the chemical composition and distribution evenness of soil organic carbon in subtropical coniferous plantations in south Asia, providing a reference for revealing the mechanism of soil organic carbon chemical stability under close-to-nature management in coniferous plantations. Method: This study focused on close-to-nature transformed stands of Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata, which were thinned and replanted with native broadleaf species (Quercus griffithii and Erythrophleum fordii), as well as untransformed pure stands as controls. Specifically, four plantation types were included: close-to-nature transformed P. massoniana plantation, P. massoniana control plantation, close-to-nature transformed C. lanceolata plantation and C. lanceolata control plantation. The ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to systematically analyze the chemical composition of organic carbon (alkyl C, O-alkyl C, aromatic C, carbonyl C) in soil, litter, and fine roots. The Pielou evenness index was used to assess the distribution evenness of various organic carbon components in the total organic carbon of soil, litter, and fine roots. Result: 1) The close-to-nature transformation significantly altered the organic carbon chemical composition in the litter, fine roots, and soil of P. massoniana plantation: In litter, the proportions of alkyl C increased while O-alkyl C and aromatic C decreased; in fine roots, alkyl C proportion increased while aromatic C proportion decreased; in soil, alkyl C proportion increased while O-alkyl C proportion decreased. However, the transformation had no significant effect on any organic carbon chemical components in litter, fine roots, or soil of C. lanceolata plantation. 2) In the transformed P. massoniana plantation, the alkyl C proportion/O-alkyl C proportion ratio (A/O-A) and the Pielou evenness index of carbon chemical composition in litter and soil significantly increased. 3) The transformation significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), but did not significantly affect soil bacterial Chao1 diversity index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index. 4) Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that fine root alkyl C proportion and O-alkyl C proportion were the two most critical factors influencing SOC chemical composition, indicating that, compared to litter, the chemical composition of fine root organic carbon was the key factor leading to differences in SOC chemical composition between the transformed and pure plantation. Conclusion: The influence of close-to-nature transformation on the chemical stability of SOC displays notable species-specificity. Following transformation, the P. massoniana stand has a more uniform distribution of SOC chemical components, along with a significant increase in alkyl C proportion and the alkyl C proportion/O-alkyl C proportion ratio, effectively enhancing chemical stability of organic carbon. In contrast, no comparable effect has been observed in the transformed C. lanceolata stand.

Key words: close-to-nature transformation, SOC chemical composition, Pielou evenness index, chemical stability, Pinus massoniana, Cunninghamia lanceolata

CLC Number:

S714.2

Weiwei Shu,Angang Ming,Kun Yang,Hua Li,Huilin Min,Yi Tao,Zhongguo Li,Juling Wei,Shirong Liu. Effects of Close-to-Nature Transformation on the Chemical Stability of Soil Organic Carbon in Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantations[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(11): 1-13.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1

Basic information and management history of plantations"

年份 Years	项目 Item	杉木对照林Cunninghamia lanceolata control plantation	杉木改造林Close-to-nature transformed Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation	马尾松对照林 Pinus massoniana control plantation	马尾松改造林 Close-to-nature transformed Pinus massoniana plantation
1993	造林Afforestation	种植2年生容器苗，初植密度2500株?hm^?2 Plant 2-year-old container seedlings at an initial density of 2 500 trees·hm^?2	种植2年生容器苗，初植密度2500株?hm^?2 Plant 2-year-old container seedlings at an initial density of 2 500 trees·hm^?2	种植2年生容器苗，初植密度2500株?hm^?2 Plant 2-year-old container seedlings at an initial density of 2 500 trees·hm^?2	种植2年生容器苗，初植密度2500株?hm^?2 Plant 2-year-old container seedlings at an initial density of 2 500 trees·hm^?2
1993— 1995	新造林抚育Tending of young plantation	全铲抚育6次 Complete clearing （6 times）	全铲抚育6次 Complete clearing （6 times）	全铲抚育6次 Complete clearing （6 times）	全铲抚育6次 Complete clearing （6 times）
2000	透光伐Release cutting	透光伐Release cutting	透光伐Release cutting	透光伐Release cutting	透光伐Release cutting
2004	生长伐Increment thinning	保留密度1200株?hm^?2 Reserved density: 1200 trees·hm^?2	保留密度1200株?hm^?2 Reserved density: 1200 trees·hm^?2	保留密度1200株?hm^?2 Reserved density: 1200 trees·hm^?2	保留密度1200株?hm^?2 Reserved density: 1200 trees·hm^?2
2007	生长伐Increment thinning	保留密度1200株?hm^?2 Reserved density: 1200 trees·hm^?2	保留密度600株? hm^?2 Reserved density: 600 trees·hm^?2	保留密度1200株?hm^?2 Reserved density: 1 200 trees·hm^?2	保留密度600株?hm^?2 Reserved density: 600 trees·hm^?2
2008	林下补植Understory replanting	不补植No replanting	均匀补植大叶栎、格木各 300株?hm^?2 Evenly replanting Quercus griffithii and Erythrophleum fordii （300 trees·hm^?2 each）	不补植No replanting	均匀补植大叶栎、格木各 300株?hm^?2 Evenly replanting Quercus griffithii and Erythrophleum fordii （300 trees·hm^?2 each）
2009	改造林抚育Tending in transformed plantation	不抚育No tending	抚育2次Tending （2 times）	不抚育No tending	抚育2次Tending （2 times）

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指标Indices	树种 Tree species	杉木对照林Cunninghamia lanceolatea control plantation	杉木改造林Close-to-nature transformed Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation	马尾松对照林Pinus massoniana control plantation	马尾松改造林Close-to-nature transformed Pinus massoniana plantation
DBH/cm	杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata	14.87±4.31a	20.78±3.47b	—	—
	马尾松Pinus massoniana	—	—	26.91±7.56b	35.33±6.32a
	格木Erythrophleum fordii	—	7.51±4.41a	—	5.71±3.29a
	大叶栎Quercus griffithii	—	21.47±7.75a	—	26.93±7.97a

树高Tree height/m	杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata	13.63±2.05a	14.01±1.72a	—	—
	马尾松Pinus massoniana	—	—	20.31±3.16a	21.23±2.29a
	格木Erythrophleum fordii	—	7.23±3.43a	—	6.29±3.53a
	大叶栎Quercus griffithii	—	13.92±2.72b	—	18.49±4.38a

土层厚度 Soil thickness/cm		≥100	≥100	≥100	≥100
坡向 Slope aspect		西南Southwest	西南Southwest	西北Northwest	西北Northwest
坡度 Slope/ （°）		24.6±2.6a	23.1±2.9a	21.3±3.6a	22.4±4.1a
郁闭度 Canopy density		0.78±0.09b	0.79±0.11b	0.71±0.09b	0.88±0.03a
凋落物量 Litter fall/（t?hm^?2a^?1）		9.02±0.19b	9.54±0.34	10.23±0.94a	10.84±0.49a

指标Indices	杉木对照林Cunninghamia lanceolata control plantation	杉木改造林Close-to-nature transformed Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation	马尾松对照林Pinus massoniana control plantation	马尾松改造林Close-to-nature transformed Pinus massoniana plantation
有机碳含量Organic carbon （SOC）content/（g·kg^?1）	21.10±4.08a	23.03±0.42a	30.35±2.84a	30.38±2.82a
全氮含量Total nitrogen（TN） content/（g·kg^?1）	1.50±0.25a	1.37±0.03a	1.82±0.01a	1.93±0.04a
全磷含量Total phosphorus （TP） content/（g·kg^?1）	0.23±0.01b	0.25±0.02ab	0.28±0.01ab	0.29±0.01a
有效磷含量Available phosphorus （AP） content/（mg·kg^?1）	1.11±0.03b	1.16±0.03b	1.55±0.02a	1.28±0.12b
硝态氮含量NO₃^?-N content/（mg·kg^?1）	5.38±0.88b	4.37±1.24b	5.71±0.24b	12.65±1.56a
铵态氮含量NH₄⁺-N content/（mg·kg^?1）	7.81±0.10b	15.89±4.38a	4.23±1.31c	9.26±0.23b
微生物生物量碳含量Microbial biomass carbon （MBC） content/（mg·kg^?1）	234.44±14.75c	312.50±16.26b	301.12±12.27b	388.13±5.88a
微生物生物量氮含量Microbial biomass nitrogen （MBN） content/（mg·kg^?1）	36.41±3.22b	46.51±2.11ab	39.07±3.29b	53.30±4.06a
细菌Chao1多样性指数 Bacterial Chao1 diversity index	2158.81±33.22a	2047.26±91.42ab	1739.11±83.56c	1706.89±93.02bc
细菌Shannon-Wiener多样性指数Bacterial Shannon-Wiener diversity index	5.87±0.11a	5.72±0.12a	5.60±0.02a	5.61±0.04a
细根生物量 Fine root biomass （FRB）/（g·m^?2）	401.57±53.71b	675.26±21.50ab	536.92±65.16b	862.86±202.43a

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Effects of Close-to-Nature Transformation on the Chemical Stability of Soil Organic Carbon in Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantations

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