数控激光加工试验台设计与加工斑点计算理论

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20170819

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]将现代激光加工方法应用到木材加工中，辅以水导配合，设计数控纳秒水导激光束激光加工试验台，为纳秒激光技术加工木材提供一种新的理论和方法。[方法]以针叶材为例，在分析针叶材结构特点的基础上，基于纳秒水导激光束对针叶材型面包络成形的加工原理，研究数控激光加工试验台的结构配置形式，根据确定的结构配置形式建立试验台的开环运动控制链，从而建立纳秒水导激光束激光加工的运动学模型；在针叶材三维造型基础上，建立针叶材STL模型，研究激光加工的过切与欠切，得到正确的光斑点计算理论，获得光斑文件，为开发出纳秒水导激光加工试验台的编程系统做铺垫；基于工控机IPC和PMAC104两级开放式控制系统，开发出纳秒水导激光加工试验台控制系统。[结果]根据纳秒水导激光加工试验台的配置形式，确定激光加工试验台为COZY的结构配置形式，并建立其运动学模型r₀=[y·cosγ，y·sinγ，1+z]；通过建立的STL模型，得出一系列激光束触点，进而计算出光斑点的方位矢量，根据激光加工的过切与欠切分析，选出符合加工精度的光斑文件。[结论]通过对纳秒水导激光束激光加工的运动分析、纳秒水导激光加工试验台的结构配置形式分析以及纳秒激光加工斑点计算理论的研究，完成COZY配置形式的针叶材数控纳秒水导激光加工试验台样机1台；根据纳秒水导激光加工试验台的配置形式建立纳秒水导激光束激光加工的运动学模型，并经相关激光加工试验，验证所建立的模型；开发纳秒水导激光加工试验台的控制系统，并用实机检验激光加工试验台纳秒水导激光束系统的控制功能。

关键词: 木材, 纳秒水导激光加工, 运动学模型, 过切与欠切

Abstract: [Objective]In order to provide a new theory and method for the processing of wood with nanosecond laster technology,the method of modern laser processing is applied to process wood, and the test bench with numerical control nanosecond water-jet guided laser beam is designed in this study.[Method]Bassed on the anatomy characteristics of softwood and the processing principle of envelope forming of the softwood with nanosecond water-jet guided laser beam,the structure of the test bench is investigated. The open loop motion control chain of test bench is established based on the determination of structure form. Then,the kinematic model of nanosecond water-jet guided laser beam processing is proposed based on the motion control chain. Furthermore,the softwood STL model is also established and the calculation theory of correct spot points is obtained. Those are ready for the development of programming system of nanosecond water-jet guided laser processing test bench. The control system of nanosecond water-jet guided laser processing test bench is established using the two level open control system with IPC and PMAC104.[Result]According to the configuration of the nanosecond water-jet guided laser processing test bench, the structure of the laser processing test bench for COZY is determined. Then its kinematic model is established as r₀=[y·cosγ,y·sinγ,1+z]. Through the STL model, a series of laser beam contact points are obtained, and the position vector of the spot is calculated. Based on the analysis of overcut and undercut of laser processing, the spot file with the processing precision is selected.[Conclusion]Based on the motion analysis of laser processing with a nanosecond water-jet guided laser beam, the structure configuration analysis of the nanosecond water-jet guided laser processing test bench, and the calculation theory of sport speckle in nanosecond laser processing, the test bench with COZY configuration of the softwood controlled nanosecond laser processing is completed. The kinematic model of the nanosecond water-jet guided laser beam machining is also established and further verified by the laser processing experiment. The control system of the test bench is developed, and the control function of the laser beam system is tested by the real test bench.

Key words: wood, nanosecond water jet guided laser processing, kinematic model, overcut and undercut

中图分类号:

TS64

马岩, 宋明亮, 李虎, 杨春梅. 数控激光加工试验台设计与加工斑点计算理论[J]. 林业科学, 2017, 53(8): 163-168.

Ma Yan, Song Mingliang, Li Hu, Yang Chunmei. Design of Numerical Control Laser Processing Test Bench and Calculation Theory of Processing Speckle[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2017, 53(8): 163-168.

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