东方白鹳卫星跟踪时长的影响因素分析

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240346

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 利用东方白鹳卫星跟踪数据，分析不同繁殖种群、跟踪器型号、佩戴方式以及跟踪器重量对跟踪器工作时长和个体生存概率的影响，为未来鹤鹳类等大型水鸟的跟踪器设计和佩戴提供参考信息。方法: 于2014—2022年，分别在三江平原、松嫩平原以及山东黄河三角洲，为149只东方白鹳幼鸟佩戴卫星跟踪器。跟踪器重量为相应跟踪幼鸟体重的0.76%±0.23%，均不超过跟踪个体体重的3%。利用专门针对时间-事件数据的生存率分析模型，探究不同因素对幼鸟死亡和跟踪器失效的影响。结果: 跟踪器重量占鸟体重的比例越大，个体的死亡风险越高；随着技术进步，新设备的年失败率相较上一年降低27%；不同种群、佩戴方式等因素对幼鸟的生存概率和设备故障率无显著影响。结论: 应优先选择对动物行为影响最小的跟踪器，跟踪器应朝着体积和重量更小、使用寿命更长、可定时脱落的方向发展。

关键词: 东方白鹳, 幼鸟, 生存率, 跟踪器, 影响因素

Abstract:

Objective: In this study, the satellite tracking data of Oriental stork was used to analyze the effects of different breeding populations, tracker models, attachment methods and device weights on the working time of the satellite trackers and survive probability of the birds, which aimed to provide basic information for the design and attachment of satellite trackers for large waterbirds such as storks and cranes in the future. Method: From 2014 to 2022, satellite trackers were attached on 149 fledgling Oriental storks in the Sanjiang Plain, the Songnen Plain and the Yellow River Delta in Shandong Province. The weight of the tracker was 0.76% ± 0.23% of the weight of the corresponding tracked juvenile bird, and it did not exceed 3% of the weight of the tracked individual. Survival analysis which specifically targeted at time-to-events data was used to explore the effects of different factors on juvenile mortality and device failure. Result: The larger the proportion of tracker weight to bird weight, the higher the individual's risk of death. With technological advancements, the annual failure rate of the new device reduced by 27% compared to the previous year. Factors such as different populations and attaching styles had no significant impact on the survival probability and equipment failure rate of juvenile birds. Conclusion: Priority should be given to trackers that have the least impact on animal behavior, and the satellite tracker should be developed towards a smaller volume and weight, a longer service life, and the ability to detach at regular intervals.

Key words: Oriental stork, fledgling, survival rate, satellite tracker, influence factors

中图分类号:

陈丽霞,程雅畅,路峰,岳修鹏,张国钢,孙戈. 东方白鹳卫星跟踪时长的影响因素分析[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(5): 180-186.

Lixia Chen,Yachang Cheng,Feng Lu,Xiupeng Yue,Guogang Zhang,Ge Sun. Analysis of Factors Influencing the Satellite Tracking Duration of Oriental Storks[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(5): 180-186.

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型号 Model of the device	跟踪器重量 Tracker weight/g	跟踪个体数 Tracking individuals	佩戴方式 Attachment models	年份 Years	平均跟踪时长 Tracking duration/d
HQBG5037S	40	52	背负式 Backpack	2014—2015，2018—2019，2021	272.5±250.2
HQBP3527	30	12	背负式 Backpack	2015—2016	324.56±95.83
HQBG3621	24	6	背负式 Backpack	2016	767.13±531.74
HQBG3621S	23	23	背负式 Backpack	2017—2019，2021	549.13±573.66
HQLG4012S	40	8	腿环式 Leg-ring	2020—2021	450.58±780.36
HQBG3621L	24	16	背负式 Backpack	2022	571.13±424.65
HQLG4037S	40	17	腿环式 Leg-ring	2022	251.82±137.55
YH-GTG0325	25	15	背负式 Backpack	2019	653.8±416.73

变量Variables	回归系数Coef	模型参数 Modeling parameters
变量Variables	回归系数Coef	风险比 Hazard ratio	置信区间 Confidence interval	P
三江平原种群Sanjiang Plain population	0.47	1.61	0.92 ~ 2.79	0.09
松嫩平原种群Songnen Plain population	?0.42	0.66	0.32 ~ 1.36	0.26
跟踪器质量占鸟体重比例Tracker weight as a proportion of body weight	0.82	2.26	1.06 ~ 4.83	0.03*
佩戴人员经验（中）Operators experience (middle)	?0.45	0.64	0.34 ~ 1.20	0.16
佩戴人员经验（高）Operators experience (high)	?0.03	0.97	0.54 ~ 1.73	0.908

变量Variable	回归系数 Coef	模型参数 Model matrix
变量Variable	回归系数 Coef	风险比 Hazard ratio	置信区间 Confidence interval	P
年份Year	?0.32	0.73	0.64 ~ 0.83	<0.01*
采样频率Sampling frequency	0.22	1.25	0.98 ~ 1.59	0.07
佩戴人员经验（中）Operators experience (middle)	?0.71	0.49	0.19 ~ 1.25	0.14
佩戴人员经验（高）Operators experience (middle)	0.030	1.03	0.55 ~ 1.94	0.93

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