国家试点区森林生态资本经济转换效率及其影响因素

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220450

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 通过对全国生态产品价值实现机制试点地区浙江省丽水市森林生态资本经济转换效率的研究, 明确森林生态资本促进区域经济增长的效率机制, 为完善森林生态产品价值实现机制, 推动森林生态资本富集区经济高质量发展提供科学依据。方法: 构建森林生态资本投入产出指标体系, 运用超效率SBM-Malmquist模型、最小二乘法(OLS)模型、固定效应和随机效应模型以及时空地理加权回归模型(GTWR)等方法, 借助Stata和ArcGIS软件, 分析2011—2019年期间浙江省丽水市森林生态资本经济转换及促进区域经济增长的效率、变化特征、主要影响因素及其作用机制特征。结果: 森林生态资本对区域经济增长有积极影响, 即在保持劳动力、物质资本和林地面积等因素不变的条件下, 森林生态资本每提高1%, 经济增长的边际效率提高0.076%, 对区域经济增长具有积极作用。总体上来看, 遂昌县、庆元县和龙泉市的地区开放度对森林生态资本经济转换效率产生显著性正向影响, 但两者在其他地区有着负相关关系; 人均可支配收入的提高对大部分地区森林生态资本经济转换效率具有良好的促进作用; 景宁县和龙泉市的产业结构对森林生态资本经济转换效率产生显著正向影响, 其他县(市、区)产业结构对森林生态资本经济转换效率产生显著负向影响。并且总体上来讲, 影响因素存在较大的时空异质性特征。结论: 森林生态资本经济转换及促进区域经济增长效率不仅受限于地区自然资源禀赋以及科技、人才和资金的投入, 更依赖于科学合理的生产要素配置, 因此必须完善环境和资源约束下的森林生态资本要素合理配置, 减少资源错配, 推动要素集聚水平与经济增长效率的协同提升。

关键词: 森林生态资本, 经济转换, 区域经济增长, 效率, 影响因素

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to provide a scientific basis for improving the ecological product value realization mechanism and promoting the high-quality development of the forest ecological capital-rich regional economy, through investigating the economic conversion efficiency of forest ecological capital in Lishui City, Zhejiang Province in China, the pilot area of the national ecological product value realization mechanism, and clarifying the efficiency mechanism of forest ecological capital promoting regional economic growth. Method: In this study, a forest ecological capital input-output index system was constructed.The super-efficient SBM-Malmquist model, least squares (OLS) model, fixed effect and random effect model, and spatio-temporal geographic weighted regression model (GTWR) were used to analyze the efficiency, change characteristics, main influencing factors and influencing mechanism of the economic conversion of forest ecological capital in Lishui City, Zhejiang Province from 2011 to 2019, with the help of Stata and ArcGIS software. Result: Forest ecological capital had a positive impact on regional economic growth, that was, under the condition of keeping factors, such as forestry labor, physical capital and forest land area, unchanged, the marginal efficiency of economic growth increased by 0.076% for every 1% increase in forest ecological capital, which had a positive effect on regional economic growth.Overall, the regional openness in Suichang County, Qingyuan County and Longquan City had a significant positive impact on the economic conversion efficiency of forest ecological capital, but there was a negative correlation between the two in the other regions.The improvement of per capita disposable income had a good role in promoting the economic conversion efficiency of forest ecological capital in most areas.The industrial structure of Jingning County and Longquan City had a significant positive impact on the economic conversion efficiency of forest ecological capital, while the industrial structure in the other regions had a significant negative impact on the economic conversion efficiency of forest ecological capital.In general, the influencing factors had obvious characteristics of spatial-temporal heterogeneity. Conclusion: The economic conversion of forest ecological capital and the efficient promotion of regional economic growth are not only limited by regional natural resource endowments and the investment of science and technology, talents and funds, but also rely on scientific and reasonable allocation of production factors.Therefore, it is necessary to improve the rational allocation of forest ecological capital factors under environmental and resource constraints, reduce resource misallocation, and promote the coordinated improvement of factor agglomeration level and economic growth efficiency.

Key words: forest ecological capital, economic conversion, regional economic growth, efficiency, influencing factors

中图分类号:

S7-9

孔凡斌,程文杰,徐彩瑶,陆雨,沈月琴. 国家试点区森林生态资本经济转换效率及其影响因素[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(1): 1-11.

Fanbin Kong,Wenjie Cheng,Caiyao Xu,Yu Lu,Yueqin Shen. Economic Conversion Efficiency of Forest Ecological Capital in National Pilot Area of China and Its Influencing Factors[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(1): 1-11.

图/表 8

图1

表1

表2

表3

丽水市森林生态资本经济转换效率分解"

地区Region	指数 Index	时间Period									均值 Mean
地区Region	指数 Index	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	均值 Mean
莲都区 Liandu District	CCE	0.784	1.405	0.968	0.944	1.078	0.814	1.035	0.998	2.376	1.156
	Pech	0.985	0.999	0.985	0.965	0.998	0.994	1.038	0.990	1.267	1.025
	Sech	1.042	1.053	1.031	0.866	1.074	0.956	0.915	1.018	0.955	0.990
	Tech	0.763	1.335	0.953	1.130	1.006	0.857	1.090	0.991	1.965	1.121
青田县 Qingtian County	CCE	0.728	0.850	0.960	1.827	0.854	1.146	0.975	0.898	3.546	1.309
	Pech	1.224	0.635	0.974	1.145	1.054	0.686	1.404	0.907	1.244	1.030
	Sech	0.890	1.088	1.016	1.097	1.007	1.025	1.038	0.988	0.898	1.005
	Tech	0.669	1.231	0.970	1.454	0.804	1.628	0.668	1.002	3.174	1.289
缙云县 Jinyun County	CCE	0.798	1.066	0.952	1.078	1.170	4.213	0.313	1.031	2.314	1.437
	Pech	1.035	0.801	1.004	0.951	1.198	1.838	0.714	1.079	0.733	1.039
	Sech	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.990	1.010	1.000	0.981	0.979	1.029	0.999
	Tech	0.771	1.331	0.948	1.145	0.967	2.293	0.447	0.976	3.068	1.327
遂昌县 Suichang County	CCE	0.798	1.066	0.952	1.078	1.170	4.213	0.313	1.031	2.314	1.437
	Pech	1.035	0.801	1.004	0.951	1.198	1.838	0.714	1.079	0.733	1.039
	Sech	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.990	1.010	1.000	0.981	0.979	1.029	0.999
	Tech	0.771	1.331	0.948	1.145	0.967	2.293	0.447	0.976	3.068	1.327
松阳县 Songyang County	CCE	0.887	2.247	0.948	2.122	1.707	2.227	0.347	0.674	5.702	1.873
	Pech	0.998	1.000	1.003	0.998	0.403	2.704	0.399	2.294	1.114	1.213
	Sech	0.960	1.092	0.941	1.189	2.630	1.078	0.979	0.455	2.240	1.285
	Tech	0.926	2.060	1.005	1.788	1.610	0.764	0.890	0.646	2.285	1.330
云和县 Yunhe County	CCE	0.456	1.454	0.967	3.114	0.409	1.776	1.449	0.398	4.702	1.636
	Pech	0.972	1.063	1.010	1.106	0.905	1.033	1.135	0.854	1.066	1.016
	Sech	0.873	1.004	1.044	2.355	0.478	1.090	1.973	0.487	1.285	1.177
	Tech	0.538	1.363	0.916	1.196	0.947	1.576	0.647	0.958	3.432	1.286
庆元县 Qinyuan County	CCE	0.429	1.345	0.974	1.499	1.059	2.504	0.920	1.577	3.568	1.542
	Pech	1.083	1.084	1.040	0.976	1.281	3.154	0.389	3.306	0.252	1.396
	Sech	1.001	0.944	0.984	1.190	0.902	0.387	2.850	0.450	1.926	1.182
	Tech	0.396	1.315	0.952	1.290	0.916	2.053	0.829	1.059	7.358	1.796
景宁县 Jingning County	CCE	0.366	0.622	2.068	1.325	1.069	2.896	0.288	1.024	7.040	1.855
	Pech	0.964	0.417	2.513	0.860	1.176	1.006	0.789	1.240	4.862	1.536
	Sech	0.998	1.230	0.867	1.052	0.921	1.054	1.020	0.902	0.291	0.926
	Tech	0.381	1.212	0.949	1.465	0.987	2.732	0.358	0.916	4.972	1.552
龙泉市 Longquan City	CCE	0.678	0.915	0.933	0.988	1.347	5.054	0.806	1.783	1.723	1.581
	Pech	4.042	0.252	0.983	0.863	1.455	3.688	0.951	1.463	0.286	1.554
	Sech	0.382	2.805	1.000	0.933	1.027	1.043	0.96	0.981	0.667	1.089
	Tech	0.439	1.293	0.949	1.227	0.901	1.314	0.883	1.243	9.043	1.921

表3

表4

表5

表6

表7

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指标类型 Indicator type	一级指标 First-level	二级指标 Second-level	计算方法 Calculation method
投入指标 Input indicators	森林生态资本(X₁) Forest ecological capital(X₁)	固碳释氧价值 Carbon sequestration oxygen release value/ 100 million yuan	市场价值法、影子价值法和统计法 Market value method、shadow value method and statistical method
		水源涵养价值 Water conservation value/100 million yuan
		土壤保持价值 Soil retention value/100 million yuan
		气候调节价值 Climate regulation value/ 100 million yuan
	物质资本(X₂) Physical capital	林业固定资产投资 Investment in fixed assets of forestry / 100 million yuan	统计法 Statistical method
	劳动力(X₃) Labor(X₃)	有效劳动力 Effective labor / 10 000 people
	林地面积(X₄) Forest area(X₄)	林地面积 Forest area/ hm²
产出指标 Output indicators	区域经济(Y) Regional economy(Y)	第一产业产值 Output value of the primary industry / 100 million yuan	统计法 Statistical method
		第二产业产值 Output value of the secondary industry /100 million yuan
		第三产业产值 Output value of the tertiary industry /100 million yuan

影响因素 Influencing factor	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	样本量 Sample size
年降雨量Annua precipitation	1 630.636	259.544	81
地区开放度Regional openness	0.151	0.061	81
人均可支配收入Per capita disposable income	33 795.84	12 201.56	81
环境污染Environmental pollution	1 467.019	1 239.739	81
产业结构Industrial structure	28.828	21.583	81

变量名 Variable name	OLS模型 OLS model
变量名 Variable name	系数Coefficient	T
lnX₁	0.076^*	0.52
lnX₂	0.235^**	2.59
lnX₃	-0.296^***	-4.36
lnX₄	-0.311^***	-6.82
常数项Constant	-1.405	-0.042
R²	0.490
F	18.29
P	0.000

变量名 Variable name	固定效应模型Fixed effect model		随机效应模型Random effect model
变量名 Variable name	系数Coefficient	T	系数Coefficient	Z
年降雨量Annual precipitation	0.001 350^**	2.58	0.001 316^***	2.76
地区开放度Regional openness	3.762 069^*	1.18	3.517 612	1.61
人均可支配收入Per capita disposable income	0.000 045^***	2.86	0.000 042^***	3.35
环境污染Environmental pollution	-0.000 043	-0.18	-0.000 108	-1.03
产业结构Industrial structure	-0.024 258	-1.11	-0.019 345^***	-2.74
常数项Constant	-2.727 463^**	-2.44	-2.530 710^**	-2.53
F	4.47		26.93
R²	0.49		0.59
P	0.001		0.000

地区Regions	解释变量Explanatory variables
地区Regions	年降雨量 Annual precipitation	地区开放度 Regional openness	人均可支配收入 Per capita disposable income	环境污染 Environmental pollution	产业结构 Industrial structure
莲都区Liandu District	-0.000 031	-1.711 021^*	0.000 007^**	0.000 092^**	-0.013 194^***
青田县Qingtian County	0.000 149	-2.014 573	0.000 009	0.000 007	-0.022 753^***
缙云县Jinyun County	-0.000 277	-1.154 854	0.000 008^*	0.000 095^*	-0.009 504^**
遂昌县Suichang County	0.001 757^***	1.538 620^*	0.000 013^*	-0.000 195^**	-0.042 503^***
松阳县Songyang County	0.000 558^***	-1.044 129^***	0.000 011^***	-0.000 145^***	-0.016 354^***
云和县Yunhe County	0.000 558	-1.044 129^*	0.000 011^***	-0.000 145	-0.016 354^***
庆元县Qingyuan County	0.000 131	3.108 327^***	0.000 062	-0.000 058	-0.009 972^*
景宁县Jingning County	-0.000 477^***	-2.125 191	0.000 068^***	0.000 695^***	0.002 375^**
龙泉市Longquan City	0.002 673^***	21.138 824^***	-0.000 253^***	-0.000 230^***	0.820 900^***