黑缘平翅斑蚜的形态及生物学特性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20250092

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究黑缘平翅斑蚜的形态特征和生物学特性，为预测和科学防控该蚜虫对薄壳山核桃的为害提供科学依据。方法: 在安徽合肥地区，对黑缘平翅斑蚜进行野外调查和室内饲养观察，记述该蚜虫的形态特征、生物学特性、年生活史和产卵位置。结果: 黑缘平翅斑蚜孤雌蚜、两性蚜均为有翅型；若虫4龄，均为无翅；温度25 ℃、湿度75%条件下，若虫历期平均（7.12±0.96）天，生殖前期平均（1.91±0.54）天，成虫寿命平均（22.88±12.87）天，孤雌蚜繁殖量平均（73±45.72）头；在合肥地区，该虫一年发生20~25代，越冬卵于翌年4月上旬开始孵化，之后营孤雌生殖一直延续到10月上旬，10月中旬林间陆续出现雄蚜，两性交尾后，雌蚜将卵产于枝条表面进行越冬；越冬卵77%分布于枝条表面，18%分布于叶痕处，仅5%分布于叶芽上。结论: 黑缘平翅斑蚜生活周期为同寄主全周期型，且孤雌蚜均为有翅型，孤雌生殖时间长，无越夏现象，为害期长，以卵越冬，是合肥地区薄壳山核桃种植区重点防控对象。

关键词: 黑缘平翅斑蚜, 薄壳山核桃, 形态学, 生物学特性, 生活史

Abstract:

Objective: Monellia carylella is one of the critical pests that seriously threatens pecan industry in China. This study aims to provide a vital basis for the prediction and scientific control the pest by investigating its morphological and biological characteristics. Method: In the Hefei area of Anhui Province, a detailed field investigation and indoor feeding observation of M. carylella were carried out to describe its morphological characteristics, biological characteristics, and annual life history. Result: Both the gynoparae and sexual generation of M. carylella are winged. The nymph has four instars all of which are wingless. Under 25°C and 75% humidity, the average duration of nymph was (7.12±0.96) days, the average pre-reproductive period was (1.91±0.54) days, the average lifespan of adults was (22.88±12.87) days, and the average reproductive yield of gynoparae was (73±45.72). In Hefei area, this aphid was able to produce 20–25 generations per year. Overwintering fertilized eggs started to hatch in early April of the following year, and then the gynoparae continued until early October. Male aphids gradually appeared in mid-October. After mating, female aphids always laid their eggs on the surface of the branches for overwintering. Approximately 77% of the fertilized eggs were distributed on the surface of branches, 18% on the leaf scars, and only 5% of the fertilized eggs were laid on the leaf buds. Conclusion: M. carylella is autoecious holocyclic life type with long parthenogenesis period. The gynoparae and sexual generation aphids are all winged. There is no oversummering phenomenon, and the damage lasts long. They overwinter with eggs, and are the key prevention and control target in pecan planting areas of Hefei.

Key words: Monellia caryella, Caray illinoensis, morphology, biology, life history

中图分类号:

S763.3

李银龙,梁志,何小龙,张瑞杰,张龙娃,王士娟. 黑缘平翅斑蚜的形态及生物学特性[J]. 林业科学, 2026, 62(4): 187-193.

Yinlong Li,Zhi Liang,Xiaolong He,Ruijie Zhang,Longwa Zhang,Shijuan Wang. Morphological and Biological Characteristics of Monellia caryella[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2026, 62(4): 187-193.

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世代 Generation	时间Time		累积历时 Accumulate time/d
世代 Generation	范围Range/d	平均时间 Mean time/d	累积历时 Accumulate time/d
1龄若虫1st instar nymph	1.00~2.75	1.76±0.40	1.76
2龄若虫2nd instar nymph	1.00~3.00	1.67±0.34	3.43
3龄若虫3rd instar nymph	0.75~2.75	1.61±0.33	5.04
4龄若虫4th instar nymph	1.75~3.25	2.08±0.36	7.12
生殖前期Pre-reproductive period	1.25~3.75	1.91±0.54	9.03
生殖期Reproductive period	0.00~42.75	22.51±12.87	31.54
成虫期Adult period	0.75~44.00	22.88±13.69	30.00

年份 Year	12月—翌年3月 December to March			4月 April			5月 May			6月 June			7月 July			8月 August			9月 September			10月 October			11月 November
年份 Year	E	M	L	E	M	L	E	M	L	E	M	L	E	M	L	E	M	L	E	M	L	E	M	L	E	M	L
2 0 2 3	?	?	?	?	?																		?	?	?	?	?
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