林业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (10): 10-18.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20191002
张韵1,刘涛2,张涛1,谢乐添1,黄坚钦1,王正加1,胡渊渊1,*
收稿日期:
2019-05-30
出版日期:
2019-10-25
发布日期:
2019-11-22
通讯作者:
胡渊渊
基金资助:
Yun Zhang1,Tao Liu2,Tao Zhang1,Letian Xie1,Jianqin Huang1,Zhengjia Wang1,Yuanyuan Hu1,*
Received:
2019-05-30
Online:
2019-10-25
Published:
2019-11-22
Contact:
Yuanyuan Hu
Supported by:
摘要:
目的: 通过研究薄壳山核桃不同发育时期果实的外观形态和光合特性参数,并结合DCMU抑制果实光合作用对其果实干质量的影响,探讨薄壳山核桃果实假果皮光合作用对果实干物质积累的重要贡献,为充分挖掘薄壳山核桃假果皮光合增产潜力和优势,进一步提高产量的技术途径提供参考。方法: 以薄壳山核桃果实为研究对象,在果实发育的关键时期授粉后80和120天测定果实的干/鲜质量、表面积、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数及假果皮叶绿素(Chl)含量、RuBPC(1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶)和PEPC(磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶)活性的变化,并从7月15日(相当于75DAP)开始用DCMU对果实光合作用进行抑制处理,每周处理1次,直至9月12日果实收获时,分析DCMU处理对果实果长/果横径、果仁干/鲜质量和含油率的影响作用。结果: 1)从授粉后80~120天,薄壳山核桃果实鲜质量、干质量和表面积分别增加了579.33%、447.74%和227.39%(P < 0.01);2)从授粉后80~120天,PAR=1 300 μmol·m-2s-1时薄壳山核桃果实表观光合速率(Pg)显著降低了24%,但其气孔导度(Gs)与胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)未发生显著变化(P>0.05);3)薄壳山核桃果实假果皮叶绿素含量显著降低63.15%(P < 0.05),其RuBPC与PEPC活性分别显著降低56.25%和48.78%(P < 0.05),而其可溶性蛋白含量未发生显著变化(P>0.05);4)PAR=1 801 μmol·m-2s-1时,薄壳山核桃果实假果皮最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学量子效率(Y(Ⅱ))、光化学猝灭系数(qP)和电子传递速率(ETR)未发生显著变化(P>0.05);5)DCMU处理薄壳山核桃后,其果实果长和果横径分别减少5.07%和4.56%(P < 0.05),果仁干质量和鲜质量分别减少12.29%和14.97%(P < 0.05),含油率减少2.48%(P < 0.05)。结论: 随果实发育进程,薄壳山核桃果实假果皮光合能力明显降低。从授粉后80~120天,果实假果皮叶绿素含量、RuBPC酶和PEPC酶活性明显降低是Pg显著下降的原因;而叶绿素荧光参数未发生显著变化,表明果实发育期间其假果皮光合机构稳定。DCMU处理后果实大小以及果实品质明显下降,薄壳山核桃果实光合作用对其果实干物质积累具有重要的作用。
中图分类号:
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