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林业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (10): 10-18.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20191002

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

薄壳山核桃果实假果皮的光合特性

张韵1,刘涛2,张涛1,谢乐添1,黄坚钦1,王正加1,胡渊渊1,*   

  1. 1. 浙江农林大学 省部共建亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室 杭州 311300
    2. 杭州市原种场 杭州 311115
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-30 出版日期:2019-10-25 发布日期:2019-11-22
  • 通讯作者: 胡渊渊
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31600547);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY15C160003);浙江省科技厅重大研发专项(2018C02004);浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2016C02052-13);中央财政林业科技推广项目(〔2018〕TS 08号);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD1000604)

Photosynthetic Characteristics of Pseudo-peel of Pecan Fruits

Yun Zhang1,Tao Liu2,Tao Zhang1,Letian Xie1,Jianqin Huang1,Zhengjia Wang1,Yuanyuan Hu1,*   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300
    2. Hangzhou Raw Seed Growing Farm Hangzhou 311115
  • Received:2019-05-30 Online:2019-10-25 Published:2019-11-22
  • Contact: Yuanyuan Hu
  • Supported by:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31600547);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY15C160003);浙江省科技厅重大研发专项(2018C02004);浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2016C02052-13);中央财政林业科技推广项目(〔2018〕TS 08号);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD1000604)

摘要:

目的: 通过研究薄壳山核桃不同发育时期果实的外观形态和光合特性参数,并结合DCMU抑制果实光合作用对其果实干质量的影响,探讨薄壳山核桃果实假果皮光合作用对果实干物质积累的重要贡献,为充分挖掘薄壳山核桃假果皮光合增产潜力和优势,进一步提高产量的技术途径提供参考。方法: 以薄壳山核桃果实为研究对象,在果实发育的关键时期授粉后80和120天测定果实的干/鲜质量、表面积、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数及假果皮叶绿素(Chl)含量、RuBPC(1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶)和PEPC(磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶)活性的变化,并从7月15日(相当于75DAP)开始用DCMU对果实光合作用进行抑制处理,每周处理1次,直至9月12日果实收获时,分析DCMU处理对果实果长/果横径、果仁干/鲜质量和含油率的影响作用。结果: 1)从授粉后80~120天,薄壳山核桃果实鲜质量、干质量和表面积分别增加了579.33%、447.74%和227.39%(P < 0.01);2)从授粉后80~120天,PAR=1 300 μmol·m-2s-1时薄壳山核桃果实表观光合速率(Pg)显著降低了24%,但其气孔导度(Gs)与胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)未发生显著变化(P>0.05);3)薄壳山核桃果实假果皮叶绿素含量显著降低63.15%(P < 0.05),其RuBPC与PEPC活性分别显著降低56.25%和48.78%(P < 0.05),而其可溶性蛋白含量未发生显著变化(P>0.05);4)PAR=1 801 μmol·m-2s-1时,薄壳山核桃果实假果皮最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学量子效率(Y(Ⅱ))、光化学猝灭系数(qP)和电子传递速率(ETR)未发生显著变化(P>0.05);5)DCMU处理薄壳山核桃后,其果实果长和果横径分别减少5.07%和4.56%(P < 0.05),果仁干质量和鲜质量分别减少12.29%和14.97%(P < 0.05),含油率减少2.48%(P < 0.05)。结论: 随果实发育进程,薄壳山核桃果实假果皮光合能力明显降低。从授粉后80~120天,果实假果皮叶绿素含量、RuBPC酶和PEPC酶活性明显降低是Pg显著下降的原因;而叶绿素荧光参数未发生显著变化,表明果实发育期间其假果皮光合机构稳定。DCMU处理后果实大小以及果实品质明显下降,薄壳山核桃果实光合作用对其果实干物质积累具有重要的作用。

关键词: 果实发育, 薄壳山核桃, 假果皮, 光合特性, 干物质积累

Abstract:

Objective: In this study we measured the morphology and photosynthetic parameters of Carya illinoinensis at different development stages. Furthermore, DCMU, an inhibitor of photosynthesis, was applied to detect the effect of photosynthesis inhibitionon the fruit dry weight. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of photosynthesis of Pecan pseudo-peel on the fruit dry matter accumulation, which could lay a foundation for further study on potential and advantage of photosynthesis of pseudo-peel of pecan, and provide atechnical basis for further improving the yield of pecans. Method: In this study, pecan fruits were used as the experimental material.The dynamic changes in dry/fresh mass, surface area, chlorophyll content, the activity of RuBPC (ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase) and PEPC (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) of pecan fruits were investigated at the critical stage of fruit development.In addition, DCMU was applied once a week from July 25th (75DAP)to the fruits harveston September 12th to inhibitthe fruit photosynthesis, and the dynamic changes in fruit length/width, fresh/dry weight of nutlet, and oil content weremeasured to detect the effect of DCMU treatment on fruit dry matter.Result: 1) From 80 to 120 DAP, fresh weight, dry weight and surface area of pecan fruits increased by 579.33%, 447.74% and 227.39%, respectively (P < 0.01). 2)From 80 to 120 DAP, the photosynthetic rate (Pg) decreased by 24%with PAR of 1 300 μmol·m-2s-1, however, there was no significant change in stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) (P>0.05).3)The chlorophyll content of the pseudo-peel of pecan fruit was significantly reduced by 63.15% (P < 0.05).The activity of RuBPC and PEPC decreased by 56.25% (P < 0.05) and 48.78% (P < 0.05), respectively, while the content of soluble protein did not change significantly (P>0.05).4) The maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), the actual photochemical quantum efficiency (Y (Ⅱ)), the ratio of the PSⅡ reaction centers (qP)and the electron transfer rate (ETR)in the pseudo-peel of pecanfruits were not significantly changed (P>0.05)at PAR of 1 801 μmol·m-2s-1. 5) After DCMU treatment, the fruit length and width decreased by 5.07% (P < 0.05) and 4.56% (P < 0.05), the dry weight and fresh weight of nutlet decreased by 12.29% (P < 0.05)and 14.97% (P < 0.05), respectively, and the oil content decreased by 2.48% (P < 0.05). Objective: The results indicated that with the growth of fruits, the photosynthetic capacity of pseudo-peel of pecan fruits was significantly reduced. From 80 to 120 DAP, the decrease in Pg might be due to the decreased chlorophyll content, RuBPC enzyme and PEPC enzyme activity of the pecan fruits' pseudo-peel. However, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters did not change significantly, and the photosynthetic apparatus of the pseudo-peel was stable. The fruit size and quality decreased significantly after DCMU treatment. Photosynthesis of the pseudo-peel plays an important role in dry matter accumulation of Pecan fruits.

Key words: fruit development, pecan fruits, pseudo-peel, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation

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