栎空腔瘿蜂虫瘿内天敌调查及其优势天敌生物学特性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20190214

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]栎空腔瘿蜂（膜翅目：瘿蜂科）危害栓皮栎及麻栎的重要害虫，该虫形成虫瘿并在虫瘿内取食危害，隐蔽性强，导致对其进行化学防治非常困难，而用寄生性天敌进行防治可能成为一种非常有效的方法。本研究旨在明确栎空腔瘿蜂虫瘿内天敌的种类和生物特性，为进一步利用天敌防治栎空腔瘿蜂提供科学依据。[方法]本文通过对栎空腔瘿蜂越冬期和生长期虫瘿进行田间调查和室内解剖，调查虫瘿内天敌种类及其优势天敌生活史和行为特性。[结果]栎空腔瘿蜂虫瘿内主要有3种优势天敌，均以幼虫在无性虫瘿内越冬。长尾小蜂Torymus sp.1年发生2代，越冬成虫5月上旬开始出现，产卵于无性虫瘿内，7月上旬第1代成虫出现；广肩小蜂1年发生2代，越冬成虫5月上旬开始羽化，成虫产卵于无性虫瘿内，6月下旬第1代成虫羽化；金小蜂1年发生3代，越冬成虫4月上旬羽化，成虫产卵于有性虫瘿内，第1代成虫5月上旬羽化，成虫羽化后将卵产于无性虫瘿内，第2代成虫6月下旬开始羽化。[结论]栎空腔瘿蜂虫瘿内主要优势天敌为长尾小蜂、广肩小蜂和金小蜂，可作为栎空腔瘿蜂幼虫生物防治的有效手段。

关键词: 栎空腔瘿蜂, 寄生性天敌, 生物防治, 生物学特性, 森林昆虫

Abstract: [Objective] Trichagalma acutissimae(Hymenoptera:Cynipidae) is one of the important pests harming afforestation plants Quercus variabilis and Q.acutissima(Fagaceae).The pest forms galls and feeds in galls,which is hidden,thus it is very difficult to control the pest by chemical pesticide.However the pest may be effectively controlled by using natural enemies.The present study aimed to determine the species and biological characteristics of natural enemies in the galls of T.acutissimae and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of the gall wasp with natural enemies.[Method] In this study,field investigation and indoor anatomy of the galls during wintering and gall growing period were carried out to investigate the species of natural enemies in the galls and their life history and behavioral characteristics of dominant natural enemies.[Result] There were three dominant natural enemies in the gall of T.acutissimae:Torymus sp.(Hymenoptera:Torymidae),Eurytoma sp.(Hymenoptera:Eurytomidae) and Pteromalus sp.(Hymenoptera:Pteromalidae).They all overwintered with larva in the gall of asexual insects.Torymus sp.had two generations a year.The overwintering adults began to appear in early May and oviposited in the asexual galls.The first generation of adults emerged in early July.Eurytoma sp.occurred two generations yearly,overwintered generation adult emerged in early June and laid eggs in the asexual galls.After those eggs developed,the first generation of adults turned up in middle June.Pteromalus sp.had three generations a year.The overwintered generation began eclosion in early April and laid eggs in gall of sexual generation.The first generation of adults arose in the middle of May,and then laid eggs in gall of asexual generation.Afterwards,the second generation of adults began to appear in late June.[Conclusion] The dominant natural enemies in T.acutissimae are Torymus sp.,Eurytoma sp.and Pteromalus sp.,which can be used as biocontrol agents for biological control of larva of T.acutissimae.

Key words: aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, dummy variable, error-in-variable, simultaneous equations

中图分类号:

S718.7

张元臣, 苏山玉, 刘苹, 张玉晓, 张坤朋, 王景顺. 栎空腔瘿蜂虫瘿内天敌调查及其优势天敌生物学特性[J]. 林业科学, 2019, 55(2): 137-142.

Zhang Yuanchen, Su Shanyu, Liu Ping, Zhang Yuxiao, Zhang Kunpeng, Wang Jingshun. Survey of Natural Enemies in Gall of Trichagalma acutissimae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and Biological of Its Predominant Parasitoids[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2019, 55(2): 137-142.

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