关键词: 林下经济, 土壤养分, 细菌群落, 竹荪, 大球盖菇, 羊肚菌

Abstract:

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the changes in soil nutrient and bacterial community characteristics of Phyllostachys edulis forest soil after edible fungi cultivation, and to provide a basis for the sustainable development of edible fungi cultivation under P. edulis forests afterward. Method: In October 2020, we started the imitating wild cultivation of edible fungi under the P. edulis forest in Yuyao Forestry Farm, and designed four treatments to cultivate three edible fungi, namely Dictyophora indusiata, Stropharia rugosoannulata , Morchella esculenta, and the control ( traditionally operated moso bamboo forest, no edible fungi cultivated in the undergrowth), respectively. The soil after the growth of edible fungi was collected in July 2021, and soil bacterial community diversity was studied using PCR amplification technology. We analyzed the correlation between soil nutrient status and bacterial community α-diversity and to reveal the changing pattern of soil bacterial community. Result: 1) Compared with control treatment, soil nutrients were most enhanced under S. rugosoannulata treatment, with soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen contents, increasing by 13.70%, 6.48%, 380.00%, 100.68%, 33.75%, and 20.75%, significantly(P<0.05). 2) Compared with control treatment, the cultivation of M. esculenta under P. edulis forest could better alleviate soil acidification and significantly increase the content of soil available phosphorus (P<0.05), and nitrate nitrogen by 665.60% and 250.31%, respectively. The α diversity of soil bacteria significantly increased, as well as change in the community composition of soil microorganisms in P. edulis woodland, significantly reduce the relative abundance of the phylum Acidobacteria and increase the relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes (P<0.05) after the cultivation of M. esculenta. 3) The D. indusiata treatment had less effect on soil nutrients in P. edulis forests, and the composition of the dominant bacterial community at the generic level was similar to that of the control treatment, but the bacterial amplification feature sequences were of the most complex origin. 4) The dominant soil bacterial phyla were Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria, respectively (P<0.05). 5) The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium were significantly correlated with the relative abundance of bacterial communities in the treated soil (P<0.05), and there was a positive correlation between the relative abundance of the phylum Acidobacterium and soil available nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and soil organic carbon contents, as well as negatively correlated with soil pH-value. Soil pH-value, available phosphorus, and nitrate nitrogen content were significantly correlated with indices such as Chao1, Shannon-Wiener, and Simpson (P<0.01). Conclusion: The short-term cultivation of S. rugosoannulata in the P. edulis forest has a significant effect on soil nutrient improvement. What’s more, the cultivation of M. esculenta fungi can effectively alleviate soil acidification. In the meanwhile, it has a wide variety of effects on soil bacterial communities, which can be selected for cultivation in production according to field conditions.

Key words: non-timber forest-based economy, soil nutrient, bacterial community, Dictyophora indusiata, Stropharia rugosoannulata, Morchella esculenta