子叶切除与苗圃施肥对栓皮栎容器苗造林效果的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20180107

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]探究不同子叶切除强度和苗圃施肥对栓皮栎容器苗造林效果的影响，为丰富苗木质量调控技术提供参考。[方法]采用双因素试验设计，设置3种子叶切除强度（E1/3、E1/2、E2/3）和不切除对照（E0）设置，同时2种苗圃施肥处理（N0、N100），施入相同量的磷钾肥和微量肥料，调查分析生长季末栓皮栎苗高、地径和生物量以及造林1年后苗木形态、养分积累和光合特性。[结果]苗圃不施肥条件下，子叶切除处理均降低造林苗木生物量、养分含量和光合特性。苗圃施肥条件下，E1/3、E1/2处理苗木造林1年后主根生物量较对照（E0）分别增加21.9%、31.7%，侧根生物量分别增加41.4%、45.2%；E1/3、E1/2处理还提高造林苗木根系养分含量和光合特性，促进苗木对光能的利用与碳同化；E1/2处理对单株生物量和养分含量也有显著促进，对光合特性的促进效果比E1/3更佳；而E2/3处理苗木造林后生长受到严重抑制，苗圃施肥并未起到缓解作用，表明子叶自身养分对于苗木发育具有不可替代的地位，苗圃施肥效果有赖于子叶养分丢失程度。从苗圃和造林2个阶段评价子叶切除效应更为可靠；在子叶切除对造林苗木生长的影响评价过程中，苗木光合特性和生物量、养分含量同等反映苗木生长状况，是评价子叶切除效应的有效、便捷指标。[结论]适度切除子叶结合苗圃施肥有利于提高栓皮栎容器苗造林效果，切除1/2子叶结合苗圃施肥（每株100 mg N）培育栓皮栎容器苗造林效果最佳。

关键词: 栓皮栎子叶切除, 苗圃施肥, 苗木生长, 造林效果, 光合特性

Abstract: [Objective] In the present study, we investigated combined effects of cotyledon excision and nursery fertilization on field performance of Quercus variabilis container seedlings in order to provide a theoretical basis in the containerized seedling cultivation.[Method] We used a two-factors experiment design.Three cotyledon excision intensities of E1/3, E1/2, E2/3 with non-excised control (E0) were set and two levels of nursery fertilization of 0 (N0) and 100 mg N·seedling^-1(N100) with equal P, K and microelement fertilizer were applied. Seedling height, RCD and dry mass were determined at the end of growing season and the outplanting season. The nutrients content and photosynthetic characteristics of outplanted seedlings were also determined.[Result] For the condition without nursery fertilization of nitrogen, seedling dry mass, nutrients content and photosynthetic characteristics were consistently decreased when cotyledon was excised. For the condition with nursery fertilization, seedlings from E1/3 or E1/2 excised acorns respectively had greater 21.9% and 31.7%tap root dry mass than control at the end of the first outplanting season, as well as 41.4% and 45.2% greater for lateral root dry mass.E1/3 and E1/2 excision of cotyledon also increased the nutrient content of outplanted seedlings and promoted seedling photosynthetic characteristics, and hence increased light utility efficiency and carbon assimilation.E1/2 cotyledon excision also increased seedling total dry mass, and its advantageous effects on seedling photosynthetic characteristics were greater than that of E1/3. In contrast to E1/3 and E1/2, the growth of outplanted seedlings from E2/3 were severely restrained, and the negative effect could not be remitted by nursery fertilization, indicating that cotyledon nutrients play an irreplaceable role on seedling development and the effect of nursery fertilization is dependent on cotyledon nutrients loss degree. The result also indicated that it is needed to evaluate the effects of cotyledon excision from both nursery and outplanting phases.Seedling photosynthetic characteristics comparably reflected seedling growth with dry mass and nutrients content, thus it can be considered as an effective and convenient indicator for the impact evaluation of cotyledon excision on field performance of Q. variabilis container seedlings.[Conclusion] A moderate cotyledon excision with sufficient nursery fertilization can benefit field performance of Q.variabilis container seedlings, and 1/2 cotyledon excision combined with nursery fertilization (100 mg N·seedling^-1) can obtain satisfactory field performance.

Key words: Quercus variabilis cotyledon excision, nursery fertilization, seedling growth, field performance, photosynthetic characteristics

中图分类号:

S723.9

史文辉, 李国雷, 苏淑钗, 刘勇, 贾黎明, 尚治国. 子叶切除与苗圃施肥对栓皮栎容器苗造林效果的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2018, 54(1): 64-73.

Shi Wenhui, Li Guolei, Su Shuchai, Liu Yong, Jia Liming, Shang Zhiguo. Combined Effects of Cotyledon Excision and Nursery Fertilization on Field Performance of Quercus variabilis Container Seedlings[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2018, 54(1): 64-73.

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