林业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (6): 110-121.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220611
王立轩,杨光*,高佳琪,郑鑫,李兆国,瓮岳太,邸雪颖,于宏洲
收稿日期:
2020-12-28
出版日期:
2022-06-25
发布日期:
2022-09-24
通讯作者:
杨光
基金资助:
Lixuan Wang,Guang Yang*,Jiaqi Gao,Xin Zheng,Zhaoguo Li,Yuetai Weng,Xueying Di,Hongzhou Yu
Received:
2020-12-28
Online:
2022-06-25
Published:
2022-09-24
Contact:
Guang Yang
摘要:
目的: 揭示地表枯落物燃烧性影响因素、层间关系及其变化趋势, 为北方森林火烧迹地燃烧性评估及其生态恢复提供数据支撑。方法: 选取大兴安岭塔河林场不同过火年份兴安落叶松天然林火烧迹地, 研究地表枯落物(未分解层和半分解层)理化性质(灰分含量、脂肪含量、热值)和酶含量(纤维素酶、半纤维素酶、木质素酶)2类指标, 采用单因素方差分析比较各恢复期枯落物燃烧性和酶含量的差异显著性, 采用皮尔森相关性和冗余分析探究各因子的相关关系, 采用配对样本t检验比较各层燃烧性和酶含量时间变化趋势, 采用线性回归方程拟合粗脂肪、灰分含量与热值耦合模型并采用直线斜率显著性检验验证层间斜率一致性。结果: 1) 枯落物层燃烧性随恢复时间不断提升, 在恢复后期粗脂肪含量和高位热值均显著高于对照组而灰分含量显著低于对照组; 半分解层各指标变化较明显。此外枯落物纤维素酶含量>半纤维素酶含量>木质素酶含量, 三者在火后恢复期均呈下降趋势。2) 坡向、坡位是枯落物层燃烧性的重要影响因素, 在阴坡和坡底枯落物层粗脂肪含量和高位热值较高, 灰分含量则与之相反。3) 各时期粗脂肪含量、高位热值未分解层显著高于半分解层; 灰分含量未分解层显著低于半分解层, 二者显著正相关; 未分解层去灰分热值、半纤维素酶、木质素酶、纤维素酶含量高于半分解层; 未分解层纤维素酶含量与半分解层显著正相关。4) 枯落物粗脂肪-热值和灰分-热值存在极显著线性关系, 半分解层粗脂肪-热值线性模型斜率显著高于未分解层, 两层灰分-热值模型斜率相同。结论: 火烧迹地地表枯落物燃烧性在火后16~27年恢复并超过原生境。未分解层燃烧性强于半分解层, 层间差异随恢复时长增加而减小。地形因子对地表枯落物燃烧性产生显著影响, 在探究与评估森林燃烧性时要因地制宜, 综合考量。纤维素酶含量可影响地表枯落物灰分、粗脂肪和热值。地表枯落物灰分含量和高位热值线性模型为y = 21.225 - 0.207 x (y为高位热值, x为灰分含量, P < 0.001, R2 = 0.908)拟合优度良好, 在进一步验证后可作为参考为快速估计地表可燃物热值和燃烧性、林火发生预测预报增添新途径。
中图分类号:
王立轩,杨光,高佳琪,郑鑫,李兆国,瓮岳太,邸雪颖,于宏洲. 兴安落叶松林火烧迹地地表枯落物燃烧性变化[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(6): 110-121.
Lixuan Wang,Guang Yang,Jiaqi Gao,Xin Zheng,Zhaoguo Li,Yuetai Weng,Xueying Di,Hongzhou Yu. Changes in the Flammability of Post-Fire Aboveground Litter of Larix gmelinii[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(6): 110-121.
表1
兴安落叶松天然林火烧迹地基本信息①"
样地代号 Plot code | 火灾时间 Time of fire | 落叶松平均胸径 Mean DBH of L. gmelinii (cm) | 优势灌木 Dominant shrub | 落叶松占比 Percentage of L. gmelinii (%) | 海拔 Altitude/m | 坡度 Slope(°) | 坡向 Aspect(°) |
1990A | 13.63 | Le, Va | 87.2 | 450 | 4 | 315 | |
1990B | 1990-04 | 15.07 | Le | 85.7 | 433 | 3 | 290 |
1990C | 24.37 | Le | 50 | 439 | 4 | 309 | |
1994A | 7.62 | Le, Va | 50 | 654 | 6 | 30 | |
1994B | 1994-07 | 9.74 | Le, Va | 61.9 | 650 | 3 | 107 |
1994C | 12.27 | Le, Va | 70.9 | 672 | 6 | 116 | |
1996A | 11.35 | Le, Va | 88.9 | 473 | 2 | 48 | |
1996B | 1996-08 | 10.08 | Le, Va | 97.1 | 472 | 2 | 64 |
1996C | 11.75 | Le, Va | 87.9 | 486 | 1 | 34 | |
2000A | 17.21 | Le, Va | 90 | 795 | 8 | 86 | |
2000B | 2000-09 | 14.07 | Le, Va | 90 | 778 | 4 | 62 |
2000C | 21.38 | Le, Va | 96.6 | 798 | 9 | 94 | |
2006A | 12.82 | Le, Rh | 64.4 | 519 | 2 | 209 | |
2006B | 2006-09 | 12.94 | Le, Rh | 76.9 | 511 | 3 | 212 |
2006C | 25.05 | Le | 52.4 | 518 | 1 | 200 | |
2010A | 2010-06 | 18.31 | Le | 100 | 837 | 6 | 58 |
2012A | 8.59 | Le, Rh | 79.4 | 448 | 10 | 258 | |
2012B | 2012-04 | 8.48 | Le, Rh | 89.6 | 463 | 9 | 282 |
2012C | 9.53 | Le, Rh | 85.3 | 458 | 10 | 308 | |
2015A | 26.81 | Le, Rh | 86.7 | 660 | 13 | 123 | |
2015B | 2015-07 | 26.75 | Ru | 80 | 669 | 7 | 93 |
2015C | 26.46 | Le、Rh | 82.6 | 661 | 10 | 104 | |
CK A | 9.08 | Le | 100 | 430 | 2 | 15 | |
CK B | 对照组CK | 12.48 | Le, Va | 94.6 | 450 | 2 | 13 |
CK C | 13.28 | Va, Rh | 87.5 | 423 | 1 | 115 |
表2
同时期未分解层与半分解层配对样本t检验①"
配对差值Pairing difference | t | df | P (双尾Two tails) | 相关性 Relevance | 显著性 Significance | |||||
样本 Sample | 平均值 Average | SD | MSD | CID | ||||||
下限 Lower limit | 上限 Upper limit | |||||||||
Fat% | 1.157 17 | 0.884 16 | 0.102 09 | 0.953 75 | 1.360 60 | 11.334 | 74 | 0.000 | 0.219 | 0.059 |
HHV | 1.226 45 | 0.849 15 | 0.098 05 | 1.031 08 | 1.421 82 | 12.508 | 74 | 0.000 | 0.114 | 0.329 |
Ash% | -22.000 60 | 15.554 44 | 1.796 07 | -25.579 35 | -18.421 85 | -12.249 | 74 | 0.000 | 0.362 | 0.001 |
AFCV | 0.112 20 | 0.733 90 | 0.084 74 | -0.056 66 | 0.281 05 | 1.324 | 74 | 0.190 | -0.111 | 0.342 |
HC | 0.075 67 | 0.603 25 | 0.069 66 | -0.063 13 | 0.214 46 | 1.086 | 74 | 0.281 | 0.221 | 0.057 |
L | 0.030 65 | 0.180 76 | 0.020 87 | -0.010 94 | 0.072 24 | 1.469 | 74 | 0.146 | 0.021 | 0.861 |
C | 0.086 60 | 0.846 63 | 0.097 76 | -0.108 19 | 0.281 39 | 0.886 | 74 | 0.379 | 0.360 | 0.002 |
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