林业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (4): 22-34.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20200403
任玉连1,陆梅1,*,曹乾斌1,李聪1,冯峻2,王志胜3
收稿日期:
2018-06-22
出版日期:
2020-04-25
发布日期:
2020-05-26
通讯作者:
陆梅
基金资助:
Yulian Ren1,Mei Lu1,*,Qianbin Cao1,Cong Li1,Jun Feng2,Zhisheng Wang3
Received:
2018-06-22
Online:
2020-04-25
Published:
2020-05-26
Contact:
Mei Lu
摘要:
目的: 研究土壤酶活性对环境因子沿海拔梯度变化的响应,为理解南滚河国家级自然保护区不同海拔水热条件-植被-土壤理化性质与土壤酶活性之间的相互作用过程和机制提供数据支撑。方法: 选取南滚河国家级自然保护区3种不同海拔梯度典型植被带(沟谷雨林、半常绿季雨林和中山湿性常绿阔叶林),研究不同海拔不同土层森林土壤酶活性的变化特征,采用冗余分析和蒙特卡洛检验,分析环境因子沿海拔梯度变化对土壤酶活性的影响。结果: 年均降水量和Simpson指数随海拔升高呈增加趋势,而植物群落多样性(Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数)、年均气温和土壤温度随海拔升高呈下降趋势;土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、水解性氮、有效磷和速效钾含量及含水量随海拔升高呈上升趋势,土壤密度和pH随海拔升高呈降低趋势,土壤C/N随海拔升高呈先增后降趋势;土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性随海拔升高呈增加趋势,土壤多酚氧化酶活性随海拔升高呈下降趋势;随土层深度增加,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性逐渐降低,过氧化氢酶活性逐渐增加;样地微气候、植被和土壤理化性质沿海拔梯度变化对土壤酶活性具有重要影响,年均气温、年均降水量、土壤温度、植物多样性指数和土壤理化性质与土壤酶活性不同程度地相关,单一环境因子对土壤酶活性影响的重要性排序为全磷含量>含水量> pH >有机碳含量>年均气温>土壤温度>水解性氮含量>年均降水量>全氮含量>全钾含量> Margalef丰富度指数>土壤密度>速效钾含量>有效磷含量> Shannon-Wiener多样性指数> Pielou均匀度指数> C/N > Simpson指数。结论: 水热条件(年均气温、年均降水量、土壤温度和含水量)、植物多样性和土壤化学性质(pH、有机碳、水解性氮、全氮、全钾和全磷)存在明显的梯度变化,可调控不同海拔梯度内的土壤酶活性,其中土壤磷、水分、pH、碳、氮和钾是调控土壤酶活性海拔响应的关键因素。
中图分类号:
任玉连,陆梅,曹乾斌,李聪,冯峻,王志胜. 南滚河自然保护区森林土壤酶活性对海拔升高的响应[J]. 林业科学, 2020, 56(4): 22-34.
Yulian Ren,Mei Lu,Qianbin Cao,Cong Li,Jun Feng,Zhisheng Wang. Response of Forest Soil Enzyme Activities to Elevation in Nangunhe Natural Reserve[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2020, 56(4): 22-34.
表1
样地基本情况"
植被带 Vegetation zones | 海拔 Elevation/m | 经纬度 Latitude and longitude | 优势植物 Dominant plant | 郁闭度 Canopy density | 土壤类型 Soil type |
沟谷雨林 Ravine rainforest(RF) | 543 | 98°59′19.32″E, 23°13′32.52″N | 千果榄仁Terminalia myriocarpa、绒毛番龙眼Pometia tomentosa、皮孔葱臭木Dysoxylum lenticellatum、黄棉木Metadina trichotoma、滇印杜英Elaeocarpus varunua | 0.93 | 砖红壤 Latosol |
半常绿季雨林 Half evergreen monsoon forest(HF) | 1 260 | 98°57′56.88″E, 23°15′29.16″N | 白花羊蹄甲Bauhinia variegata、四数木Tetrameles nudiflora、常绿榆Ulums lanceaefolia、顶果木Acrocarpus fraxinifolius | 0.88 | 赤红壤 Lateritic red soil |
中山湿性常绿阔叶林 Mid-montane humid evergreen broad-leaved forest(MF) | 2 176 | 99°12′39.60″E, 23°19′11.64″N | 山杜英Elaeocarpus sylvestris、硬斗石砾Lithocarpus hancei、红花木莲Manglietia insignis、瓦山栲Castanopsis ceratacantha | 0.86 | 黄壤 Yellow soil |
表4
不同海拔梯度植被带的土壤理化性质①"
植被带 Vegetation zone | 土层 Soil layer | 含水量 Water content(%) | 密度 Density/(g·cm-3) | pH | 有机碳含量 Organic carbon content/(g·kg-1) | C/N | 全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/(g·kg-1) | 全磷含量 Total phosphorus content/(g·kg-1) | 全钾含量 Total potassium content/(g·kg-1) | 水解性氮含量 Hydrolysable nitrogen content/(mg·kg-1) | 有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content/(mg·kg-1) | 速效钾含量 Available potassium content/(mg·kg-1) |
RF | 0~20 cm | 42.19±3.41Ab | 1.28±0.04Ba | 5.17±0.05Ba | 13.11±0.83Ac | 4.62±0.14Bb | 2.84±0.94Ab | 0.85±0.09Ac | 5.76±0.57Ab | 76.04±4.19Ab | 17.43±2.30Ac | 141.62±12.51Ac |
20~40 cm | 39.24±1.71Ab | 1.41±0.07Aa | 5.62±0.04Aa | 9.50±0.22Bb | 7.57±0.46Aa | 1.28±0.66Bb | 0.41±0.04Bc | 5.84±0.46Ab | 32.39±2.32Bb | 5.58±1.02Bc | 144.21±10.64Ab | |
40~60 cm | 40.70±1.82Ab | 1.47±0.02Aa | 5.81±0.09Aa | 3.86±0.06Cc | 3.64±0.16Bb | 1.06±0.34Bb | 0.37±0.02Bc | 3.99±0.25Bc | 7.57±1.24Cc | 4.80±0.89Bc | 133.77±11.62Bc | |
均值Mean | 40.71 | 1.38 | 5.53 | 8.83 | 5.28 | 1.73 | 0.54 | 5.20 | 38.67 | 9.27 | 139.87 | |
HF | 0~20 cm | 48.02±2.73Ab | 0.92±0.03Bb | 5.00±0.03Aa | 19.76±1.82Ab | 6.07±0.64Ba | 3.36±0.58Ab | 1.27±0.76Ab | 14.46±1.71Aa | 71.39±5.08Ab | 39.33±3.47Ab | 287.85±8.05Ab |
20~40 cm | 46.43±1.94Aab | 1.18±0.02Ab | 5.12±0.09Aab | 11.54±1.09Bb | 7.13±0.10ABab | 1.62±0.19Bb | 0.96±0.03Bb | 15.10±0.96Aa | 29.03±2.47Bb | 7.76±1.00Bb | 289.65±9.16Aa | |
40~60 cm | 43.35±2.46Ab | 1.22±0.01Ab | 5.26±0.06Aab | 8.15±0.17Cb | 8.81±0.53Aa | 0.94±0.06Cb | 0.54±0.01Cb | 8.30±0.71Bb | 12.21±1.44Cb | 5.97±0.69Cb | 159.16±5.47Bb | |
均值Mean | 45.93 | 1.11 | 5.13 | 13.15 | 7.34 | 1.97 | 0.92 | 12.62 | 37.54 | 17.69 | 245.55 | |
MF | 0~20 cm | 60.00±3.76Aa | 0.91±0.02Bb | 3.91±0.07Bb | 89.79±2.98Aa | 5.86±0.19Ba | 15.36±1.24Aa | 1.92±0.08Aa | 17.60±2.03Aa | 221.24±8.63Aa | 61.73±7.16Aa | 305.17±16.30Aa |
20~40 cm | 58.23±2.34Aa | 1.13±0.05Ab | 4.23±0.03ABb | 48.13±1.85Ba | 6.14±0.21Bb | 7.88±0.89Ba | 1.78±0.09Aa | 15.66±1.02ABa | 133.79±10.21Ba | 14.28±3.07Ba | 290.29±11.08ABa | |
40~60 cm | 56.55±4.20Aa | 1.16±0.04Ab | 4.50±0.04Ab | 35.61±1.17Ba | 8.28±0.16Aa | 4.32±0.44Ca | 1.62±0.03Aa | 13.69±0.75Ba | 74.24±4.76Ca | 10.43±1.33Ca | 260.10±10.22Ba | |
均值Mean | 58.26 | 1.06 | 4.22 | 57.85 | 6.76 | 9.19 | 1.77 | 15.65 | 143.09 | 28.81 | 285.19 |
表5
土壤酶活性RDA排序的特征值及累积解释量"
排序轴 Sorting axis | 第Ⅰ轴 First axis | 第Ⅱ轴 Second axis | 第Ⅲ轴 Third axis | 第Ⅳ轴 Fourth axis |
土壤酶活性特征解释量Interpretation of soil enzyme activity characteristics (%) | 98.8 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
土壤酶活性特征与环境因子相关Correlation of soil enzyme activity characteristics and environmental factors | 0.997 | 0.935 | 0.893 | 0.891 |
土壤酶活性特征累计解释量Cumulative interpretation of soil enzyme activity characteristics (%) | 98.8 | 99.4 | 99.4 | 99.4 |
土壤酶活性特征-环境因子关系累计解释量Soil enzyme activity characteristics-cumulative interpretation of environmental factors (%) | 99.4 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
典范特征值Canonical eigenvalue | 1.000 | |||
总特征值Total eigenvalue | 0.994 |
图2
土壤酶活性与环境因子的冗余度分析 Ure:脲酶Urease;Suc:蔗糖酶Sucrase;Acp:酸性磷酸酶Acid phosphatase;Ppo:多酚氧化酶Polyphenol oxidase;Cat:过氧化氢酶Catalase;WC:含水量Water content;SD:土壤密度Soil density;SOC:土壤有机碳Soil organic carbon;C/N:碳氮比Carbon to nitrogen ratio;TN:全氮Total nitrogen;TP:全磷Total phosphorus;TK:全钾Total potassium;HN:水解性氮Hydrolysable nitrogen;AP:有效磷Available phosphorus;AK:速效钾Available potassium;R:丰富度指数Margalef index;H:Shannon-Wiener多样性指数Shannon-Wiener index;D:Simpson指数Simpson index;J:Pielou均匀度指数Pielou index;AT:年均气温Average annual air temperature;AR:年均降水量Average annual precipitation;ST:土壤温度Soil temperature.下同The same below."
表6
环境因子变量解释的重要性排序和显著性检验结果"
环境因子 Environmental factor | 重要性排序 Order of importance | 解释量 Interpretation(%) | F | P |
全磷Total phosphorus | 1 | 93.0 | 330.96 | 0.002 |
含水量Water content | 2 | 91.5 | 269.08 | 0.002 |
pH | 3 | 88.5 | 192.56 | 0.002 |
土壤有机碳Soil organic carbon | 4 | 83.2 | 123.93 | 0.002 |
年均气温Average annual air temperature | 5 | 79.7 | 98.10 | 0.002 |
土壤温度Soil temperature | 6 | 78.2 | 89.93 | 0.002 |
水解性氮Hydrolysable nitrogen | 7 | 77.4 | 85.78 | 0.002 |
年均降水量Average annual precipitation | 8 | 75.4 | 76.43 | 0.002 |
全氮Total nitrogen | 9 | 75.1 | 75.50 | 0.002 |
全钾Total potassium | 10 | 72.1 | 64.71 | 0.002 |
Margalef丰富度指数Margalef index | 11 | 63.9 | 44.27 | 0.002 |
土壤密度Soil density | 12 | 53.3 | 28.49 | 0.002 |
速效钾Available potassium | 13 | 46.4 | 21.68 | 0.002 |
有效磷Available phosphorus | 14 | 41.1 | 17.42 | 0.002 |
Shannon-Wiener多样性指数Shannon-Wiener index | 15 | 41.0 | 17.36 | 0.004 |
Pielou均匀度指数Pielou index | 16 | 39.2 | 16.10 | 0.004 |
C/N | 17 | 1.7 | 0.43 | 0.528 |
Simpson指数Simpson index | 18 | 0.5 | 0.13 | 0.844 |
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