寒温带冻土区火烧木管理方式对土壤呼吸及其组分的影响

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210802

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究大兴安岭冻土区兴安落叶松林火烧迹地不同火烧木管理方式对土壤呼吸速率及组分的影响，探讨土壤呼吸与土壤温度和含水率的相关性，旨在为火烧后森林恢复与重建提供理论依据。方法: 以寒温带冻土区兴安落叶松林2009年火烧迹地为对象，使用LI-8100土壤呼吸速率测定系统，于2016和2017年生长季观测土壤呼吸速率，同时测定10 cm深处土壤温度和含水率季节变化，比较不同火烧木管理样地（火烧木皆伐，2009C；火烧木择伐，2009S；火烧木未伐，2009N）与对照样地（未火烧未采伐，2009CK）的土壤温度和含水率变化对土壤呼吸速率的影响。结果: 观测期内，4类样地土壤呼吸速率（R_S）与土壤异养呼吸速率（R_H）表现为2009S>2009N>2009CK>2009C；土壤自养呼吸速率（R_A）2016年表现为2009N>2009S>2009CK>2009C，2017年表现为2009CK>2009N>2009S>2009C。4类样地均呈土壤异养呼吸速率贡献率（C_H）大于自养呼吸速率贡献率（C_A）。C_A在对照样地最大（23.75%），在火烧木皆伐样地最小（16.04%），表现为2009CK>2009N>2009S>2009C。4类样地R_S及其组分与10 cm深处土壤温度（T₁₀）极显著正相关（P < 0.01）。火干扰降低了R_S及其组分与10 cm深处土壤温度的敏感系数。结论: 在冻土区兴安落叶松林，火烧增加了R_S与R_H，火烧木择伐进一步增加了R_S和R_H（P > 0.05）。火烧木皆伐会降低R_S及其组分，且2009C样地的土壤R_A显著低于2009CK（P < 0.05）。火干扰降低了土壤自养呼吸速率贡献率，火烧木采伐对此进一步降低，且采伐强度越大时降低越多。4类样地土壤呼吸速率及其组分与10 cm深处土壤温度显著正相关（P < 0.01）。3类火烧木管理样地的土壤呼吸速率及其组分对温度的敏感度均低于对照样地。火烧迹地土壤呼吸速率及其组分与10 cm深处土壤含水率的正相关性不显著。

关键词: 兴安落叶松林, 火烧迹地, 火烧木管理, 土壤呼吸, 土壤呼吸组分

Abstract:

Objective: The effects of different management methods of burned wood on soil respiration and its composition in the burned area of Larix gmelinii forest in the Daxing'anling permafrost region were investigated to understand the relations of soil respiration to soil temperature and moisture content, and to provide a theoretical basis for the restoration and reconstruction of the burned forest. Method: The burned area of L. gmelinii forest in 2009 in the cold temperate zone permafrost region were investigated using LI-8100 soil respiration measurement system to detect soil respiration rate in 2016 and 2017, while the seasonal variation of soil temperature and moisture content were also measured at the same time. The effects of soil temperature and moisture content changes on soil respiration rate were investigated and made a comparison among the sample plots of burned wood management (2009C for clear-cutting of burned wood, 2009S for selective cutting, and 2009N for no-cutting) and the control plots (2009CK for no-fire and no-cutting). Result: During the observation period, soil respiration rate (R_S) and soil heterotrophic respiration rate (R_H) in four models of sample plots were ranked as 2009S > 2009N > 2009CK > 2009C. In 2016, soil autotrophic respiration rate (R_A) was ranked from large to small as 2009N > 2009S > 2009CK > 2009C. In 2017, it was 2009CK > 2009N > 2009S > 2009C. Four types of sample plots displayed that the soil heterotrophic respiration contribution ratio (C_H) was larger than the soil autotrophic respiration contribution ratio (C_A). The greatest C_A was in the control plot (23.75%), while the minimum was in 2009C (16.04%), with a rank of 2009CK > 2009N > 2009S > 2009C. Soil respiration and its components were positively correlated with T₁₀ in four sample plots (P < 0.01). Fire interference reduced the sensitivity coefficient of soil respiration and its components to the temperature. Conclusion: In the L. gmelinii forest in the Daxing'anling permafrost region, burning increased soil respiration rate, and soil heterotrophic respiration rate, which were further increased by selective cutting. However, all the increases were not significant (P > 0.05). Cutting the burned wood restricted the soil respiration rate and its components, and the soil autotrophic respiration rate of the 2009C significantly decreased from 2009CK (P < 0.05). Burning interference also diminished the contribution ratio of soil autotrophic respiration rate and cutting of the burned wood further reduced the C_A, the higher the cutting intensity, the greater the decrease. The soil respiration and its components in the four types of sample plots revealed strongly significant positive correlation with 10 cm soil temperature (P < 0.01). The sensitivity of soil respiration and its components to soil temperature in the three sample plots of burned wood was lower than that in the control plots. There were no significant positive relations between soil respiration with its components and the 10 cm soil moisture content in the burned area of L. gmelinii forest permafrost region (P > 0.05).

Key words: Larix gmelinii forest, burned area, management of burned wood, soil respiration, soil respiration components

中图分类号:

S762.1

王梓璇,王鼎,赵鹏武,张岐岳,杨磊,周梅. 寒温带冻土区火烧木管理方式对土壤呼吸及其组分的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(8): 13-23.

Zixuan Wang,Ding Wang,Pengwu Zhao,Qiyue Zhang,Lei Yang,Mei Zhou. Effects of Management Methods of Burned Wood on Soil Respiration and Its Components in the Permafrost Region of Cold Temperate Zone[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(8): 13-23.

图/表 6

表1

图1

表2

图2

表3

不同样地类型土壤呼吸速率及其组分与土壤温度(T10)和土壤含水率(W10)的回归模型"

因子Factor	样地类型 Sample types	土壤呼吸组分 Soil respiration component	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	P
T₁₀	2009C	R_S	R_S=0.903 9e^{0.101 3 T₁₀}	0.73	< 0.01
		R_H	R_H=0.762 2e^{0.100 8 T₁₀}	0.71	< 0.01
		R_A	R_A =0.141 8e^{0.104 3 T₁₀}	0.65	< 0.01
	2009S	R_S	R_S=1.205 4e^{0.105 2 T₁₀}	0.77	< 0.01
		R_H	R_H=0.947 8e^{0.107 6 T₁₀}	0.76	< 0.01
		R_A	R_A =0.258 5e^{0.095 6 T₁₀}	0.65	< 0.01
	2009N	R_S	R_S=1.385 4e^{0.102 8 T₁₀}	0.78	< 0.01
		R_H	R_H=1.066 2e^{0.104 9 T₁₀}	0.80	< 0.01
		R_A	R_A =0.319 9e^{0.096 0 T₁₀}	0.57	< 0.01
	2009CK	R_S	R_S=1.055 6e^{0.127 3 T₁₀}	0.80	< 0.01
		R_H	R_H=0.801 3e^{0.126 0 T₁₀}	0.83	< 0.01
		R_A	R_A =0.254 1e^{0.132 5 T₁₀}	0.66	< 0.01
W₁₀	2009C	R_S	R_S=0.000 9W₁₀²-0.077 4W₁₀+3.596 2	0.14	>0.05
		R_H	R_H=0.000 8W₁₀²-0.064 2W₁₀+2.861 2	0.17	>0.05
		R_A	R_A =0.000 1W₁₀²-0.013 2W₁₀+0.735 0	0.02	>0.05
	2009S	R_S	R_S=0.000 9W₁₀²-0.065 6W₁₀+3.772 8	0.14	>0.05
		R_H	R_H=0.000 6W₁₀²-0.043 2W₁₀+2.761 1	0.13	>0.05
		R_A	R_A =0.000 2W₁₀²-0.022 3W₁₀+1.011 7	0.15	>0.05
	2009N	R_S	R_S=-0.000 4W₁₀²+0.093 5W₁₀-1.050 4	0.13	>0.05
		R_H	R_H=-0.000 2W₁₀²+0.067 8W₁₀-0.781 4	0.16	>0.05
		R_A	R_A =-0.000 1W₁₀²+0.025 7W₁₀-0.269 0	0.05	>0.05
	2009CK	R_S	R_S=-0.000 03W₁₀²+0.045 7W₁₀+0.206 1	0.14	>0.05
		R_H	R_H=0.000 04W₁₀²+0.027 6W₁₀+0.296 1	0.15	>0.05
		R_A	R_A =-0.000 07W₁₀²+0.018 1W₁₀-0.090 1	0.09	>0.05
T₁₀×W₁₀	2009C	lnR_S	lnR_S= -0.043 9+0.105 8T₁₀-0.003 6W₁₀+0.000 1T₁₀W₁₀	0.83	< 0.01
		lnR_H	lnR_H= -0.223 1+0.093 4T₁₀-0.003 4W₁₀+0.000 3T₁₀W₁₀	0.81	< 0.01
		lnR_A	lnR_A= -1.866 4+0.160 5T₁₀-0.004 6W₁₀-0.000 6T₁₀W₁₀	0.84	< 0.01
	2009S	lnR_S	lnR_S= -0.346 8+0.126 9T₁₀+0.003 0W₁₀+0.000 05T₁₀W₁₀	0.88	< 0.01
		lnR_H	lnR_H= -0.388 3+0.115 9T₁₀-0.000 8W₁₀+0.000 3T₁₀W₁₀	0.87	< 0.01
		lnR_A	lnR_A= -2.860 7+0.183 8T₁₀+0.018 7W₁₀-0.001 1T₁₀W₁₀	0.74	< 0.01
	2009N	lnR_S	lnR_S= -0.132 7+0.154 8T₁₀+0.001 7W₁₀-0.000 3T₁₀W₁₀	0.85	< 0.01
		lnR_H	lnR_H= -0.427 2+0.150 7T₁₀+0.001 7W₁₀-0.000 2T₁₀W₁₀	0.85	< 0.01
		lnR_A	lnR_A= -1.487 3+0.165 8T₁₀+0.000 3W₁₀-0.000 6T₁₀W₁₀	0.71	< 0.01
	2009CK	lnR_S	lnR_S= -1.349 8+0.267 1T₁₀+0.018 8W₁₀-0.001 9T₁₀W₁₀	0.85	< 0.01
		lnR_H	lnR_H= -1.542 3+0.253 7T₁₀+0.017 5W₁₀-0.001 7T₁₀W₁₀	0.85	< 0.01
		lnR_A	lnR_A=-3.049 1+0.308 2T₁₀+0.022 1W₁₀-0.002 3T₁₀W₁₀	0.77	< 0.01

表3

表4

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样地类型 Sample types	郁闭度 Canopy density	海拔 Altitude/m	有机碳含量 Organic carbon content/(g·kg^-1)	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/(g·kg^-1)	C/N
2009C	0	817	81.40±1.93 b	4.40±0.28 a	18.55±1.47 a
2009S	0.2	821	66.00±2.69 c	4.48±0.32 a	14.79±1.22 b
2009N	0.5	819	65.65±1.71 c	4.20±0.08 a	15.66±0.66 b
2009CK	0.9	823	92.33±2.40 a	4.59±0.07 a	20.10±0.35 a

样地类型 Sample types	2016		2017		2016—2017
样地类型 Sample types	C_A	C_H	C_A	C_H	C_A	C_H
2009C	16.40±8.34 a	83.60±8.34 a	15.72±6.90 a	84.28±6.90 a	16.04±7.58 a	83.96±7.58 a
2009S	20.00±10.29 ab	80.00±10.29 ab	19.50±7.70 ab	80.50±7.70 ab	19.74±8.97 ab	80.26±8.97 ab
2009N	21.72±9.56 b	78.28±9.56 b	22.21±11.82 b	77.79±11.82 b	21.98±10.77 ab	78.02±10.77 ab
2009CK	23.43±10.95 b	76.57±10.95 b	24.04±8.09 b	75.96±8.09 b	23.75±9.50 b	76.25±9.50 b

样地类型Sample types	R_S	R_H	R_A
2009C	2.73	2.71	3.13
2009S	2.86	2.93	2.60
2009N	2.80	2.85	2.61
2009CK	3.57	3.52	3.72

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