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Published in last 1 year |  In last 2 years |  In last 3 years |  All Please wait a minute... For Selected: Download Citations EndNote Reference Manager ProCite BibTeX RefWorks Toggle Thumbnails Select Research Progress of Brassinolide in Regulating Plant Growth and Development Chen Chen,Hong Chen,Ming Ni,Zihan Zhang,Fangyuan Yu Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2022, 58 (7): 144-155.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220715 Abstract （561）   HTML （22）    PDF （1130KB）（237）       Knowledge map    Save As a new plant hormone, brassinolide (BR) has been widely used in agriculture and forestry due to its advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection and wide spectrum. BR can promote the elongation and division of plant cells, enhance the photosynthetic capacity of leaves, and regulate the development of roots, thereby improving plant growth and development, and increasing the yield. BR significantly affects the reproductive growth of plants, by regulating the flowering time of plants, prolonging the flowering period, and increasing the number of flowers. However, a few studies have pointed out that BR has an inhibitory effect on flowering. BR could promote the fruit setting and improve the seed and fruit quality. After the plants are subjected to external stress, the antioxidant system of plants is damaged, and the growth and development of plants are retarded. Spraying BR could increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, reduce the content of malondialdehyde, and enhance the stress resistance of plants. With the innovation of research method and facilities, the mechanism of BR signal transduction, and the functions and mechanisms of BR-related genes are revealed. BR signal transduction is regulated by kinases, receptor proteins, transcription factors and other elements. BRI1/BAK1 can recognize BR molecules on the surface of cell membrane. Under the action of protein kinases (BSK1, BSU1, BIN2, CDG1), transcription factors (BZR1, BES1) are activated to regulate the expression of BR responsive genes. Genes related to BR biosynthesis and signal transduction, such as DAS5, DET2, DWF4, CPD and BAK1 have been identified, cloned, and transformed into different species using transgenic technology, which could improve the growth of transgenic plants and enhance the resistance of plants to adversity. This paper reviews the research progress in the fields of BR regulation of plant vegetative and reproductive growth, the enhancement of plant stress tolerance, and molecular mechanism of BR, discusses the existing problems in BR research, and prospectes the future research direction of BR. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Progress in Studies of Responses to Phosphorus Addition of Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Forest Soil Xiang Zheng,Minmin Cao,Xiaofang Ji,Wanli Fang,Shenglong Liu,Jiang Jiang Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2021, 57 (6): 150-157.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210617 Abstract （398）   HTML （33）    PDF （2127KB）（396）       Knowledge map    Save Rising nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations in the atmosphere have exacerbated global warming. Forest soil plays an important role in regulating atmospheric N2O concentration. Recently,application of phosphate (P) fertilizer was increased for improving forest productivity. However,compared with the well-known effects of nitrogen (N) deposition or N addition on N2O emission from forest soil,how the P addition affects the N2O emission from forest soil is still limited and lacks in-depth understanding. This study presents a review of the responses and mechanism of N2O emissions from forest soils to P addition. Due to the different responses of plant and soil microorganisms (microbial biomass,community composition and microbial activity) to P addition,phosphorus addition can increase,reduce or not change the N2O emission from forest soil. Overall,phosphorus addition alleviated the P-limitation of plants and soil microbes. The effect of P addition on soil N2O emissions was governed by the initial status of soil nutrients (N,P). P addition can promote the absorption of inorganic N by plant roots and/or microbial N immobilization,thus reducing the N2O emission from forest soil,it can also stimulate the activity of nitrification and denitrification bacteria,subsequently promote the N2O emission from forest soil. Furthermore,phosphorus addition may also regulate soil N2O emissions by alleviating soil acidification,affecting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis and litter decomposition,which requires further studies. In the future forest management,the addition of phosphorus can be considered as a strategy for reduction of greenhouse gas emission. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Vibration Damping Performance of Bamboo and Its Application in Bamboo-Based Composite Ge Wang,Shanyu Han,Fuming Chen,Xiaoyu Ma,Xueyong Ren Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2022, 58 (1): 127-137.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220114 Abstract （378）   HTML （14）    PDF （16696KB）（155）       Knowledge map    Save After natural evolution of history, subtle multi-level structure and excellent interface design have been formed inside bamboo. Rigid vascular bundles are gardenly and evenly distributed in flexible parenchymal cells, and a natural "island-chain structure" has been built, which not only offers high strength and toughness, but also enhances energy absorption and damping effect to resist natural disasters (rain, snow and wind), through the deformation of parenchymal cells and void structures, as well as crack deflection of intercellular layer. This paper was conducted to describe the vibration damping performance of bamboo and analyze the action mechanisms of environmental factors (temperature and humidity) upon such performances, from the two aspects of multi-scale structural characteristics (macro-micro) and chemical components (linear cellulose molecular chain-amorphous lignin polymers). Further, the vibration damping mechanisms of bamboo-based composites were summarized. The structure and technological characteristics of bamboo-based damping composites were analyzed, and the effects of four kinds of laminated structures (basic damping, impact damping, lightweight damping and quiet damping) on vibration damping properties of bamboo-based composites were also obtained among the three current widely-used assembly patterns of wood/bamboo, bamboo/plastic, and bamboo fiber/rubber particle. The application prospects of bamboo-based damping composites were discussed in the fields of sports, architecture, transportation and electronic information, according to the integrated design principle of "material-structure-function". The general scientific problems and key technologies those need to be solved urgently were raised in the end of the paper, towards biological vibration damping characteristics of bamboo, regulatory mechanisms of bamboo-based damping composites, research and development of novel intelligent bamboo-based damping material, and product standardization. Bamboo-based damping composites possess the function of energy absorption, energy consumption reduction, anti-vibration and noise reduction, which is of great significance for the prevention of noise and vibration pollution in the fields of construction, transportation and machinery. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress for the Evaluation of Wood Pore Connectivity Zhi Jin,Botao Li,Jiangping Yin,Qian Chen,Yuejin Fu,Bin Lü Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2022, 58 (5): 177-186.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220518 Abstract （373）   HTML （14）    PDF （2882KB）（178）       Knowledge map    Save The interconnected pore network within wood is the main way of water migration and chemical penetration, which plays a decisive role in wood drying, wood impregnation and modification, and is also an important factor to affect the functional properties of wooden products, such as sound absorption, thermal insulation and humidity control. However, at present the main evaluation indexes of wood pore structure are porosity, pore size distribution, pore volume, density, specific surface area, pore morphology and fractal dimension, etc., and no comprehensive and systematic studies have been carried out on the evaluation of pore connectivity. In this paper, the research on the evaluation of wood pore structure and pore connectivity with three types of pore characterization techniques, those are the adsorption analysis method, the nuclear magnetic resonance method as well as the computed tomography three-dimensional imaging method, is reviewed and summarized. Furthermore, scientific problems and prospects are proposed as follows: 1) Construction of wood pore connectivity evaluation system: firstly, to form the evaluation theory basis and research method of wood pore connectivity, that is to evaluate and verify the applicability and accuracy of existing methods, and further modify the theoretical model and optimize the corresponding evaluation method based on wood pore characteristics. Secondly, to facilitate the research on the evaluation scope and evaluation index quantification by combination and complementarity of various characterization technologies for the integrity and comprehensiveness of wood pore connectivity evaluation system. 2) Interpretation of the topological structure of wood pore space: the pore space of wood is a very complex internal topological structure with different pore distributions and pore connectivities in the longitudinal, radial and tangential directions, and greatly distinct pore sizes as well as diverse morphologies which are cross-linked differently. The evaluation of wood pore connectivity will provide a wider perspective on the interpretation of wood pore topological structure. On the basis of the full refining of the characteristic index parameters, and combined with data mining technology, the wood pore topological structure will be comprehensively interpreted through deep analysis for the potential relationships and rules of the characteristic index data, so as to promote the upgrading and optimization of the traditional characterization technology and evaluation system. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress in Mechanism of Xylem Embolism Based on Characteristics of Bordered Pit Membrane Shan Li,Yujun Li,Ya Zhang,Jie Wang,Xianchong Wan,Xiaomei Jiang,Xiyou Sun,Xinjing Zhu,Yafang Yin Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2022, 58 (2): 196-205.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220219 Abstract （351）   HTML （11）    PDF （4530KB）（129）       Knowledge map    Save Xylem embolism refers to the interrupt of plant water transport function caused by external air bubbles entering the xylem water-filled conduits. Bordered pit membrane is the crucial location where xylem embolism, spread and fatigue occur. In recent years, the characteristics of bordered pit membrane have received increasing attention in the study of xylem embolism mechanisms. In order to have more comprehensive and clear understanding of the role of bordered pit membrane in the formation, spread and fatigue of xylem embolism, we firstly discussed the formation mechanism and diffusion pattern of xylem embolism in angiosperms and gymnosperms, based on relevant research on xylem embolism at home and abroad. We elucidated the "air seeding hypothesis" in xylem embolism formation and diffusion, and clarified the crucial role of the bordered pit membrane; we also reviewed the main characteristics of the structural, chemical, physical and micromechanical properties of the bordered pit membrane, as well as the interrelationships between the different characteristics. Then we summarized the important role of bordered pit membranes in different stages of xylem embolism, diffusion and fatigue. We also summarized the recent advances and problems of the key characterization method of bordered pit membrane, such as the construction of three-dimensional structure model, in-situ detection of chemical composition, and mechanical behavior of the bordered pit membrane, microflow quantification and analysis of the single pit membrane. Finally, we proposed three research topics which should be given priority in xylem embolism: 1) changes in the chemical composition, physical and mechanical properties of the bordered membrane under different moisture conditions; 2) the formation and diffusion of air bubbles at the water-solid interface between water and the three-dimensional porous structure of the bordered pit membrane; 3) structural changes of the bordered pit membrane under different moisture conditions and their effects on the efficiency of microflow. Meanwhile, it is urgent to break through the technical bottleneck of the accurate in-situ characterization of the three-dimensional structure of the bordered pit membrane, and the construction and optimization of biological models. The further investigation of the structural, chemical, physical, mechanical properties and microflow behavior of the bordered pit membrane to reveal the influences of the characteristics of the bordered pit membrane on xylem embolism would be helpful to understand the mechanisms of xylem embolism, to provide scientific basis for exploring the drought-resistant mechanisms of xylem and breeding excellent drought-tolerant germplasm resources. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Advances in Wood Plastic Deformation Fixation by Hygro-Thermal Treatments and the Fixation Mechanisms Rongfeng Huang Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2022, 58 (2): 206-216.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220220 Abstract （269）   HTML （15）    PDF （6208KB）（174）       Knowledge map    Save Permanent fixation of wood plastic deformation has been one of the key scientific and technologic issues for wood modifications such as densification and bending. This paper reviews plastic deformation fixation via hygro-thermal treatments from the perspectives of mechanisms for plastic deformation formation and set recovery. Recent research on fixation of solid wood plastic deformation, especially the advances and challenges in wood plastic deformation fixation by hygro-thermal techniques and the associated mechanisms, are overviewed, with the objective of providing a reference for breaking through the bottleneck of hygro-thermal treatment techniques scale-up to industrial level for wood deformation fixation. Hygro-thermal treatment is the main technique to fix plastic deformation by releasing wood interior stress. Depending on the treatment method, hygro-thermal treatments are categorized into heat treatment under atmospheric pressure and heated treatment under pressurized conditions. Currently, hygrothermal treatment requires the heating temperature to reach to over 180 ℃ for the permanent fixation of wood plastic deformation. Thus, to accelerate the heat transfer rate and heat wood center to 180 ℃ can effectively shorten the time required for wood plastic deformation fixation. Research on permanent fixation of wood plastic deformation is generally carried out by hygrothermal treatment in forms of heat treatment and saturated steam treatment, and was explained by the relationships between wood internal stress release and chemical changes. Three mechanisms for hygro-thermal treatment based permanent fixation of plastic deformation have been widely acknowledged. The first one is stabilized structures caused by the intercrossing of matrix molecules, the second one refers to molecular chains scission caused relaxation of stress in microfibril and matrix, the third is that polymerization of hydrophilic wood cell wall components especially hemicellulose and the resultant retardancy of the hydrophilic wood cell wall components to re-softening. However, research on hygro-thermal treatments for wood plastic deformation fixation is actually limited to two extreme conditions: one is the heat treatment under dry conditions, by applying elevated heating temperatures and extended heating time for internal stress release; the other is the heat treatment under almost water saturated conditions, by employing saturated steam at high temperatures under high pressure, to release wood interior stress. Neither of these involves processing variables/parameters of heat and mass transfer affecting wood plastic deformation fixation and wood properties, causing a contradiction between permanent fixation of wood deformation and wood properties deterioration. Even though permanent fixation of wood fixation has been theoretically realized by hygro-thermal treatment, it has not been completely applied in industry. The main reason for this is the immaturity of theories and technology system supporting hygro-thermal treatment based permanent fixation of wood deformation. To solve the application issues in hygro-thermal treatment based permanent fixation of wood deformation, more attention should be paid to how to make the hygro-thermal treatment conditions applicable rather the conditions themselves. Thus, research on hygro-thermal treatment for permanent fixation of wood deformation from the perspectives of functions of water and heat, oxidation and their interaction, as well as wood interior stress relaxation during hygro-thermal treatment should be carried out. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Development of Shrinkage and Swelling of Wood with Multi-Scale Structures Fangyu Yin,Bai Ouyang,Jiali Jiang,Zhu Li,Jianxiong Lü Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2023, 59 (7): 145-154.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20210727 Abstract （263）   HTML （18）    PDF （1260KB）（408）       Knowledge map    Save Shrinkage and swelling of wood are critical characteristics that impact its processing and utilization. This is closely link to the dimensions and stability of wood products. The complexities of shrinkage and swelling are closely correlated with the multi-scale hierarchical structure of wood, varying from macro- to micro-scales. The shrinkage and swelling behavior of wood is investigated across macro-, meso-, and micro-scales to establish an organic relationship between them. This contributes significantly to a better understanding of the occurrence and evolution mechanism and has important theoretical and practical implications for in-depth comprehension of wood properties and its rational utilization. In this paper, the wood shrinkage/swelling behavior and its hysteresis phenomena under macroscopic scale (clear wood sample), mesoscopic scale (growth ring) and microscopic scale (wood cells) were reviewed. This paper summarized the occurrence and evolution of the shrinkage and swelling behavior of wood at three scales, as well as the test methods and technical means employed to measure these phenomena in wood with multi-scale structures. Meanwhile, some suggestions for future research about the shrinkage and swelling behavior of wood with multi-scale structures are proposed: 1) To conduct a systematic investigation into the shrinkage and swelling behavior of softwood and hardwood at the meso- and micro-scales, utilizing growth rings and wood cells, in order to establish the structure-activity relationship between multi-scale structures and their shrinkage and swelling performance. 2) To reveal the differential responsive law and interaction mechanisms of the shrinkage/swelling behavior of wood induced by anisotropy, heterogeneity, and the diversity of cell types. 3) To illuminate the time hysteresis and strain hysteresis phenomena of the shrinkage and swelling behavior. 4) To introduce the related theoretical models, such as the application of finite element method, with the aims to build a visual element finite of the free shrinkage and swelling of wood with multi-scale structures. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The Development in Manufacture and Application Technology of Bamboo Scrimber Yue Qi,Jiangyuan Wu,Dinghua Ren,Wenji Yu,Yahui Zhang Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2023, 59 (6): 159-168.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20210665 Abstract （253）   HTML （10）    PDF （1868KB）（426）       Knowledge map    Save Bamboo scrimber is a kind of biomass composite material, which is prepared from bamboo fiber mat (as matrix) and resin (as reinforcement). It is one of the effective ways to achieve the efficient and high-valued utilization of bamboo, and has become to main products of bamboo industry in China. The bamboo scrimber performed great physical and mechanical properties, which developed in both applications of indoor and outdoor, including floor, bamboo furniture, cement template, wind-power blades, weather resistance landscape and architecture structural materials. However, the basic scientific issue, key innovative technologies and applied engineering technologies were still need to be studied together. In this study, the technical connotation, cross-response mechanism and manufacturing regulatory mechanism of bamboo unit, heat treatment, resin impregnation, drying and modeling process were classified according to the published reports that discussed and summarized the performance evaluation and functional application of bamboo scrimber. The improvement of product and application techniques was put forward, basing on the analysis of the scientific issues and results of composite, porous materials and biomass materials. Moreover, the upgrade of equipment and the enhancement effect of bamboo scrimber was defined to provide theoretical and technical support of scientific application. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Dynamics and Prospect of Studies on Pathways of Reduction of Post-Harvest Carbon Emission from Forest Xiaobiao Zhang,Fei Lu,Hongqiang Yang,Zhiyun Ouyang Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2022, 58 (8): 182-196.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220819 Abstract （252）   HTML （15）    PDF （16076KB）（187）       Knowledge map    Save Objective: Worldwide studies on pathways of post-harvest carbon emission reduction in recent 30 years are reviewed to provide a theoretical basis for China-specific studies and the utilization of post-harvest carbon emission reduction to improve forestry's capacity to mitigate climate change. Method: We summarized major pathways of post-harvest carbon emission reduction worldwide and analyzed the life-cycle material flow and substitution categories of harvested wood products (HWP), the backbone of post-harvest carbon emission reduction, in 24 and 15 countries/regions, respectively. We also investigated the country-specific features in life-cycle material flows and summarized the displacement factors of major substitution categories in the above-mentioned countries. Furthermore, we provided a prospect of possible future research needs based on the literature review. Result: First, the studies in recent 30 years reported three major pathways of post-harvest carbon emission reduction, including HWP carbon storage, HWP substation benefit, and the optimized forest management considering both pre- and post-harvest carbon emission reduction. Among them, the HWP substitution benefit has been a frontier of the relevant research fields and provided new insights in forest management considering pre- and post-harvest carbon emission reduction. Second, the studies in developed countries have comprehensively analyzed domestic life-cycle material flows whereas the studies in developing countries were relatively weak, and very few modeling analyses based on the Tier-3 method recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) are available. We also found that the material flows driven by international trade are a common research gap in the studies in all these countries, which undermines the linkage of the countries involved in an HWP life cycle and restricts effective policy design to improve carbon emission reduction potential of global forestry. Third, the HWP substitution studies, which are mainly in European countries, reported that the five major substitution categories, namely, substitution in construction, energy, furniture, other products, and the material substitution without dividing specific end uses, have an average displacement factor of 1.32 t·t-1 (n=50), 0.70 t·t-1 (n=40), 1.03 t·t-1 (n=21), 1.13 t·t-1 (n=8), and 1.13 t·t-1 (n=37), respectively. However, the displacement factors differ significantly among studies and countries. Conclusion: First, as the major developing country and the largest HWP producing and consuming countries in the world, China should improve existing IPCC Tier-2 method-based life-cycle material modeling and analysis to an IPCC Tier-3 method-based one to provide a high-quality example for other developing countries. Second, the analysis of international material flow is an important future research need, providing an opportunity for China, the largest HWP exporting and importing country in the world. Lastly, there is still large research potential in the field of HWP substitution benefit. Especially, the highly subjective fundamental assumptions and substitution scenarios have led to unreliable displacement factors, which has large room for improvement. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress on the Interaction among Termites, Clay, and Ecological Environments Zhengya Jin,Chenyu Qian,Chengju Du,Tao Ma,Xiujun Wen,Cai Wang Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2023, 59 (1): 143-150.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20210686 Abstract （243）   HTML （20）    PDF （972KB）（244）       Knowledge map    Save There are complicated interactions among termites, clay, and ecological environment.Many studies have focused on the impact of higher termites on clay distribution and their ecological role in recent decades.The clay mineralogy is a restriction factor for determining the geographical distribution of some higher termites in the family of Termitidae.Meanwhile, termite activities can change the distribution of clay particles and accelerate the weathering process of clay minerals.Some higher termites transport large amounts of clay from the deep layer of soil to the surface for constructing termite hills or mounds.Clay not only improves the structural robustness of the hill but also creates suitable microhabitats with moisture and near-constant temperature conditions that ensure the growth of termite symbiotic fungi.In addition, the clay relocated by termites can be washed into surrounding soil by rain and promote the circulation of soil particles, significantly improving soil fertility and water retention and thus creating a favorable environment for the growth of vegetation and the development of animal communities.In arid or semiarid areas in tropical regions, the termite mounds rich in clay can improve heterogeneity of ecosystems and drought resistance, thus helping ecosystems to confront the challenge of global climate changes.In some developing countries, the clay collected from termite hills can be used as construction materials and cultivation substrates.Also, high proportions of women (especially pregnant women) in rural areas of Africa widely eat the clay-enrich soil collected from termite mounds.Some latest studies have also showed interactions of clay and lower termites in the family of Rhinotermitidae.Some lower termites usually transport large amounts of clay to construct mud tubes or sheetings, or use clay to fill the voids of food.Clay induces feeding activities of these lower termites by moistening wood fibers as well as providing structural supports.In addition, some clay minerals trigger the aggregation behaviors of subterranean termite pests and can be used as bait attractants, providing new ideas for the control of harmful termites. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The State of Art of the Archaeological Wood Ships Finishing and Nanocellulose Related Applications Yun Lu,Huiqing Wang,Li Luo,Yue Chen,Zhiguo Zhang,Xingxia Ma Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2022, 58 (2): 182-195.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220218 Abstract （242）   HTML （10）    PDF （3592KB）（246）       Knowledge map    Save With the continuous development of archaeological technology in modern society, the number of ancient ships excavated is increasing gradually. It is important and necessary to conserve these archaeological wood artifacts timely and effectively, which are precious records of human civilization. To promote proactively the development of ancient ship conservation technology, there is a growing trend to constantly seek excellent wood finishing materials, and explore more effective and efficient wood finishing method in the practice, thereby trying to protect the important information like runes or artistic ornamentation carried by ancient ships and to avoid damaging human historical resources. At present, many wood finishing materials or method have been applied to the reinforcement and conservation of ancient ships. Under this situation, by sorting out the relevant literature of traditional and conventional method, the main aim of this study is to summarize the merits and demerits of various wood finishing method, after comparing with finishing effect. Nanocellulose, a unique and promising natural material extracted from native cellulose, has gained much attention for its utilization as an archaeological wood finishing material. At present, nanocellulose has been applied in the restoration and conservation of archaeological wood artifacts. Furthermore, there have been some exploratory studies on the finishing and reinforcement of ancient ships. Nanocellulose is a good candidate for finishing and strengthening materials of ancient ships, because of its remarkable physical properties, special surface chemistry and excellent biodegradability. Particularly, owing to working wonderfully on the wood surface, the effects of nanocellulose remaining the original appearances of ancient ships are extremely prominent. Thus, using nanocellulose to strengthen and conserve ancient ships can not only improve their stability but also remain the original appearances as much as possible, which provide a new approach to strengthen ancient ships. Nowadays, with the rapid technological development of heritage conservation, there are many research aspects about ancient ships finishing needing to be developed in the future: 1) In-depth study of the anti-oxidation, anti-corrosion and moth-proof mechanisms of the traditional treatments such as tung oil coating and lacquer coating to reveal the interactions between tung oil and urushiol polymer and the chemical components of the cell wall, and further explore the modification and technological innovation of traditional natural finishing materials. 2) The development of the anti-bacterial and anti-mildew protection of ancient wooden ships, to enhance the adaptation of ancient ships to exhibition environments. The water-soluble protective agent is urgently needed to improve the biological resistance of the ancient ships. 3) The cutting-edge research result of nanocellulose are highly inspired to ancient wood finishing. The systematical study on the sealing performances and the long-term stability of nanocellulose on different reinforced wooden substrates is needed to comprehensively evaluate the role of nanocellulose in wood coating. Especially the performance improvement of nanocellulose-modified traditional materials, such as tung oil and raw lacquer, on mechanical properties, weather resistance and pollution resistance should be focused on, and the novel necessary function of nanocellulose-based wood finishing materials, like capturing the abundant Fe3+ in ancient wooden ships might be futher developed. Thus, the development of nanocellulose in wood cultural relics protection should be expanded. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Advances and Prospects of Target Recognition Techniques for Forest Pest Control at Home and Abroad Jiaqiang Zheng,Youlin Xu,Huichun Zhang,Hongping Zhou,Qiujie Li Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2023, 59 (3): 152-166.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20210996 Abstract （230）   HTML （12）    PDF （2680KB）（211）       Knowledge map    Save The trees, as the skeleton of the terrestrial forest ecosystem, suffer from the stresses of forest pests for a long time, which endangers the normal growth of trees, even causes the death of trees, and poses a serious threat to the sustainable development of forestry. It is necessary to recognize and obtain the features of forest pests for realizing the rapid and accurate targets detection and monitoring of forest pests and pest damaged areas. This paper focuses on the analyses of the main features of direct targets of the biological stresses, such as plant diseases, plant insects, rats and rabbits, harmful plants etc. and indirect targets, and summarizes and reviews the research status of techniques and equipments for recognizing and identifying targets for forest pests control through different ways at home and abroad. It is recommended to establish interdisciplinary forces to constantly explore and study the target recognition technology and equipment for forest pest control and integrated control intelligent systems based on the early warning with the target recognition of the plant stresses and the cooperative defense control with the sensor network. This paper looks forward to the future development of passive/active sensing technologies focusing on target identification of forest pests control, and proposes to conduct research on the passive sensing technologies of control targets, including the machine vision, the odor-sensitive, the force-sensitive, the thermal-sensitive and the acoustic-sensitive according to the physical and chemical characteristics of forest plants under biological stresses. The active sensing technologies, such as LiDAR scanning, the photoacoustic effect active attraction and the electronic insects and odoriferous active attraction, would be applied to sense some specific pest targets which the passive sensing technologies are difficult to sense. It is also proposed that the design and development of new sensors such as the biology, the magnetic-sensitive, the humidity-sensitive and the thermal-sensitive sensors, and the multi-sensor fusion technologies for ultrasound, LiDAR, radiation and satellite images, so as to improve the accuracy of forest pest targets recognition. Finally, the paper proposes corresponding research recommendations for target perception and recognition technology around specific targets such as plant roots, wild mammals, terrestrial termites, and harmful plants. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Development of Environmentally Friendly and Efficient Bamboo Fiber Processing Wenting Li,Mingpeng Li,Haitao Cheng,Jihe Chen,Ge Wang Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2022, 58 (11): 160-173.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20221115 Abstract （192）   HTML （11）    PDF （10965KB）（103）       Knowledge map    Save With an ever-increasing consumption of non-renewable resources, the construction of green cycle and low-carbon economy has become the top priority of the sustainable development of all walks of life throughout the world. The bamboo industry is one of the major industries that are very unique to China. With the implementation of three low-carbon emission reduction policies of "carbon peak, carbon neutralization and carbon trading" and the "plastic ban" policy, bamboo fiber, as a type of natural green fiber, is seeing resurgence in interests leading it to becoming a current research hotspot. Bamboo fiber has the characteristics of high strength, low density, good elasticity, wear resistance, breathability, renewable, and degradable. Compared with glass fiber and carbon fiber, it is easy to degrade and has less degradable carbon emissions. It can be used as a reinforcing phase of composite materials to partly replace plastics and has huge economic potential. However, the current preparation method used to produce bamboo material and bamboo fiber do result in a lot of pollution, so that bamboo fiber loses its environmental advantages; there are also still many problems in the preparation of bamboo fiber, such as lignin residues, short fiber length, hairiness, uneven thickness and so on. These processing issues restrict the high value-added application of bamboo fiber in textile and composite materials. Based on a large number of scientific studies, this paper focus on the development of environmentally friendly bamboo fiber preparation method. The basic properties of these method were compared and the advantages, disadvantages and key technical difficulties of various method were analyzed. Thus, the preparation of bamboo fiber was prospected. The innovation of new environmentally friendly preparation technology and the upgrade of high-efficiency automation equipment are important development directions for realizing the integrated development of raw materials, equipment and processes, improving the performance of bamboo fibers, reducing product costs, and expanding the development of high value-added products of bamboo fibers. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select A Review of Recent Progress in Fire Management of Wildland-Urban Interface Xiaorui Tian,Xuezheng Zong,Mingyu Wang Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2023, 59 (6): 149-158.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220265 Abstract （187）   HTML （3）    PDF （1045KB）（236）       Knowledge map    Save The urbanization process and living environment improvement have led to more and more expansion of wildland-urban interface (WUI) areas throughout the world, and most WUIs face severe fire risks. The impact of WUI fires on ecosystem and society has attracted worldwide attention, and fire management in WUI area has become a challenge for current regional development. Over the last 30 years, WUI fire research has become an important research hot topic. WUI fires have also occurred frequently in China in recent years, but there is little research on such fires. This paper systematically introduces the research achievements on WUI fire from three aspects, such as the definition of WUI and its fire regime, fire risk assessment, and risk mitigation measures. Fire risk assessment of WUI area especially emphasizes the exposure and vulnerability of fires, and the fire impact on the environment and society. The risk mitigation strategy needs to be developed based on the fire risk assessment results, which includes reducing the potential fire intensity and exposure of WUI area through fuel management, improving the construction materials and design of houses and other infrastructure, enhancing fire resistance capacity, heightening the fire awareness and fire resistance capacity of residents, and improving the fire fighting ability and comprehensive disaster resistance capacity of the community. The future research trend is to develop WUI fire spread model, smoke transmission and economic loss model, fuel management technology in WUI area, and WUI planning and relevant management standards. It is needed to carry out interdisciplinary and international research. The research achievements will provide reliable fire risk assessment methods and mitigation technologies, which should provide the supports for formulating corresponding management strategy and risk mitigation schemes for WUI areas with different characteristics. China also needs to improve the fire adaptability of WUI community by formulating relevant technical standards and procedures for WUI fire management, and make targeted fire management plans according to reliable fire risk assessment method and mitigation technology. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Stem Fluid Flow of Bamboo Plants: Methods, Characteristics, and Influencing Factors Zhiying Tang,Junhong Gao,Zanqing Zeng,Miaomiao Wang,Lianghua Qi Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2022, 58 (9): 157-164.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220916 Abstract （186）   HTML （9）    PDF （1273KB）（327）       Knowledge map    Save Objectives: The objectives are to select appropriate methods to measure stem fluid flow to reveal its dynamic changes and influencing factors according to the unique biological characteristics and anatomical structure of bamboo plants. It is conducive to in-depth elucidating their physiological and ecological processes and mechanisms, and providing scientific basis for accurate management, efficient utilization and ecological management of water and nutrients in bamboo forests. Method: The methods for measuring stem sap flow in bamboo plants was originated from woody plants, including heat pulse method, heat dissipation probe method and stem heat balance method.Among them, the heat pulse method is not limited by environmental conditions such as terrain, but the measurement results are uncertain under the condition of low transpiration; the cost of the heat dissipation probe method is relatively low, but the sensor is prone to measurement errors caused by the radial gradient formed by the flow density, which needs to be verified and calibrated; the stem heat balance method does not require probe drilling, andthe instrument wraps the bamboo stem to obtain real-time data, but the basic assumptions of stable flow conditions and constant temperature need to be met. Usually, the three assay methods are combined and mutually validated to obtain more reliable flow measurement results. Result: The stem flow of bamboo plants has a relatively common patterns in daily variation, night dynamics and seasonal scales, showing a similar "peak" curve. The daytime flow of bamboo plants starts in the early morning, then increases continuously, reaches a peak in the afternoon, and then continues to decrease, reaching the lowest value after nightfall; the flow changes in sunny weather generally show a "single-peak" curve, and the rainy weather shows a "multi-peak" curve. The nocturnal flow generally maintains a low flow, significantly lower than the daytime flow under different seasons and environmental conditions, and the variation is small. On the seasonal scale, the liquid flow is the lowest in spring, the highest in late summer and early autumn, from winter to summer, the time when the flow begins to rise and the peak is gradually advanced, and the reverse is reversed from summer to winter. There are also differences in the flow pattern of bamboo plants at different growth stages.Factors influencing changes in the flow of bamboo plants include physiological anatomy different from those of woody plants and environmental factors. Among them, the hollow stem and underground whiplash root system of bamboo plants are the biological basis for influencing fluid flow. Environmental factors have a strong correlation between air temperature, saturated water vapor pressure difference and solar radiation and changes in stem flow by influencing transpiration and plant root pressure. Different measurement methods, such as the length of probe and the specific location of measurement, will also affect the measurement results. Conclusion: To put forward prospects for measuring the stem flow of bamboo plants in the future, it is theoretically necessary to explore the influencing mechanisms, and develop statistical and verification models; technically, the existing measuring methods should be integrated and improved, and suitable methods and technologies should be developed to improve the measurement accuracy; in the application of results, it is appropriate to set parameters based on differences in region, climate, terrain conditions and bamboo species to obtain a widely applicable model of measurements. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progresses on the Dynamics of Microbial Community Establishment in Woody Debris Zhao Zhuqi, Hu Zhenhong, He Xian, Huang Zhiqun Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2024, 60 (2): 106-117.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220472 Abstract （72）   HTML （7）    PDF （7305KB）（122）       Knowledge map    Save The decomposition of woody debris is an important part of the forest carbon cycle, and microorganisms are the key factor influencing its decomposition rate. In recent years, the mechanisms of microbial community building in woody debris have gradually become an important topic in the study of carbon cycling in forest ecosystems. However, current microbial research on woody debris is fragmented. Hence, this paper reviews the formation mechanism of woody debris microbial communities. 1) Microorganisms maintain a dynamic balance of communities by continuously colonising woody debris. The microbial sources of woody debris mainly stem from the debris itself, the atmosphere and the soil. The colonization process occurs at all stages of decomposition and consists mainly of competition and resource capture that occurs when microorganisms colonizing the substrate. 2) Soil, properties of woody debris and climate are three important factors influencing the formation of microbial communities of woody debris, all of which act on the microbial sources and the colonisation process. 3) The soil environment affects the soil microbial community and changes the properties of the debris with which it comes into contact. Differences in woody debris properties affect the availability of resources and thus the microbial community. As decomposition proceeds, microbial community assembly changes from an initial dominance of stochastic processes to a dominance of deterministic processes. Climate affect the soil and woody debris through both temperature and humidity climate factors, mainly in the form of macroclimate, microclimate and global climate change. Finally, the paper summarised the issues that need to be addressed in future research in this area and identifies the need to: 1) focus on the impact of early colonizers and soil microorganisms at different stages of decomposition on the microbial community of woody debris; 2) strengthen the study of changes in woody debris resources and the function of the dominant species in the corresponding microbial community; 3) link woody debris decomposition to global climate change and nutrient cycling; 4) select more precise techniques for the decomposition of woody debris. In summary, this paper summarised the basic ideas, framework and prospects for the study of microbial community formation mechanisms in forest woody residues, providing certain scientific references for forest biodiversity conservation, maintenance of biogeochemical cycle functions and forest carbon sequestration. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Research Progress of Cellulose Self-Healing Hydrogels Zhang Yongyue, Shi Jiangtao, Fu Zongying, Lu Yun Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2024, 60 (2): 128-138.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220297 Abstract （69）   HTML （5）    PDF （2211KB）（126）       Knowledge map    Save Hydrogels are 3D network structure material formed by physical or chemical cross-linking of hydrophilic polymers. It usually has the characteristics of hydrophilicity, viscoelasticity, biocompatibility, etc., and is widely used in bioengineering, flexible electronics and other fields. Traditional hydrogels generally use fossil-based polymers as raw materials, and there are potential threats to the human body and the environment during the use of hydrogels and the recycling of waste hydrogels. At the same time, the traditional hydrogel will be damaged due to the action of mechanical external force after a long time of use, and its structural integrity and performance will be affected. Hydrogels with self-healing ability can recover to almost the same mechanical properties as the initial state after breakage using supramolecular interactions or reversible covalent interactions, which is of great significance for prolonging the service life of hydrogels. Cellulose is a kind of natural organic polymer, with non-toxic, harmless, good biocompatibility and other advantages, mainly from natural materials such as trees in nature, in line with the concept of green environmental protection, has broad application prospects. The abundant oxygen-containing groups in cellulose chain can form hydrogen bond network with water, which is conducive to the preparation of hydrogels with self-healing ability. And by chemically modifying cellulose to obtain cellulose derivatives, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, etc., its application in the field of hydrogels can be expanded. This paper comprehensively introduces a class of self-healing hydrogels using cellulose and cellulose derivatives as raw materials, analyzes the shortcomings of traditional self-healing hydrogels, and proposes related modification strategies. Cellulose is difficult to dissolve in water due to its own crystal structure and internal supramolecular interactions, so cellulose hydrogels are generally prepared by using a dispersion system or a dissolving system. By regulating the three-dimensional structure of the hydrogel, reversible covalent interactions (acylhydrazone bond, disulfide bond exchange, etc.) and non-covalent interactions (hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, host-guest interaction, etc.) are used to endow the hydrogel with self-healing ability. Due to the existence of such reversible cross-linking, the general mechanical properties of traditional cellulose self-healing hydrogels are poor. At the same time, the functional development of cellulose self-healing hydrogels is relatively simple at present, which limits its application in various fields. Therefore, by introducing the construction of intelligent network structure, biomimetic natural biological wound healing mechanism and functional modification methods, this paper proposed a new multi-functional intelligent cellulose self-healing hydrogel construction method. Finally, combined with the relevant research results of self-healing hydrogels, the problems that still need to be solved at the present stage of cellulose self-healing hydrogels are put forward, and the application prospect of cellulose self-healing hydrogels in the fields of bioengineering, electronic materials and intelligent materials is forecasted. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Molecular Archaeology of Wood: Progress and Prospect Jiao Lichao, Lu Yang, Guo Yu, Yin Yafang Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2024, 60 (2): 118-127.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230034 Abstract （62）   HTML （5）    PDF （1558KB）（121）       Knowledge map    Save Wood archaeology research is an important basis to promote the natural and historical information mining, protection and restoration of wood relics. In recent years, with the rapid development of ancient DNA hybridization capture and sequencing technologies, it has become possible to obtain sequence information of highly degraded DNA fragments from woody remains. On the basis of wood anatomy, the innovative research on wood molecular archaeology with ancient DNA as the core has gradually become the focus and frontier of attention in wood archaeology. Therefore, this paper firstly reviews the research of the wood molecular archaeology, and then summarizes the research progress and problems of wood ancient DNA from three aspects: preservation and degradation, acquisition, data processing and sequence analysis. It also points out that the high degradation, low concentration, and chemical damage of ancient DNA make it difficult to extract and analyze. Then it summarizes the main applications of wood molecular archaeology in interpreting the ways of ancient people’s cognition and utilization of forest resources, restoring regional forest vegetation types and species diversity in historical periods, and reconstructing the microevolutionary responses of ancient trees to climate and habitat changes. Finally, we proposed three research topics which should be given priority in future: 1) establishment of the specimen collections of archeological woods and the corresponding DNA database. 2) Studying the laws of wood ancient DNA damage and its changes in different spatial and temporal dimensions. 3) Development of the stable and efficient technical system for extracting and analyzing wood ancient DNA. By further strengthening the interdisciplinary research of wood molecular archaeology, the application of new theories, methods and technologies in the field of wood science and archaeology is promoted, so as to provide scientific basis for the species identification, protection and utilization of wood cultural relics, and the reconstruction of the coupling relationship between forest vegetation, environmental climate and human activities in the historical period. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Pretreatment Technology on Bamboo for Monosaccharides Production under Enzymatic Hydrolysis: A Review Tengfei Ma,Yue Liu,Yawei Zhan,Meixin Wang,Zhiqiang Li Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2024, 60 (3): 150-159.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220357 Abstract （48）   HTML （3）    PDF （775KB）（68）       Knowledge map    Save Saccharides are the basic nutrients and important components for living organisms, while sugar based platform compounds are essential chemicals derived from sugars through biological or chemical transformation and can be further transformed into high-value bio-based chemicals or materials. Bamboo, which has a large biomass resource and short growth cycle, is a potential source for development of a series of biomass-based sugar platform compounds. The process of preparing monosaccharides from bamboo by enzymatic hydrolysis is green and sustainable, where the most critical step is pretreatment, which requires reasonable cost, easy and environmentally friendly spent liquid treatment process and effective utilization of lignin. This paper reviews the influence of pretreatment methods on enzymatic hydrolysis for the preparation of monosaccharides from bamboo in the last decade, and summarizes the advantages and shortcomings of pretreatment methods including physical, chemical, physicochemical, eutectic solvent, organic solvent and other methods, compares the perspectives of each reaction mechanism, substrate yield, cellulose content in substrate, enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency and sugar degradation to generate fermentation inhibitors. To reach the goal of green and efficient conversion utilization, the pretreatment process, enzymes, bamboo species and age, lignin utilization should be taken into account. The future research of bamboo biorefinery technology are proposed: 1) due to the hardness of bamboo materials, it is necessary to explore low energy consumption crushing method; 2) to develop pretreatment process which not only has green chemicals, simple process, low degradation byproduct, but also adaptive the specific structural characteristics of bamboo; 3) research on techniques for high-value utilization of bamboo lignin, and promote the utilization of the whole chemical components of bamboo raw materials. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Recent Progress on Recalcitrance of Biomass Yan Lu,Jiaqi Li,Yuxuan Ma,Huiting Xue,Guanhua Li Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2024, 60 (3): 160-168.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220329 Abstract （46）   HTML （5）    PDF （1067KB）（53）       Knowledge map    Save Cellulose is deemed as the most abundant and renewable resource on the earth. Enzymatic saccharification of cellulose to glucose is an ideal bioconversion, but its low efficiency significantly impedes the development of cellulose industrialization. Recognition and deconstruction of different recalcitrant factors and improving enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency are still the vital scientific problems in the high valorization of cellulose. In this article, various recalcitrant factors that impeding the enzymatic hydrolysis were summarized at multidimensional levels, in the aspects of macrostructure, microstructure, ultra-structure, molecule, chemical group, chemical element, chemical bonds and gene. Furthermore, we revealed that recalcitrant factors exhibited typical heterogeneity in specific biomass, high dynamics in different development stage of plant, and complex relation during the pretreatment. Finally, several novel research directions and strategy on recalcitrant barrier were proposed: cell wall interface recalcitrance, modification and valorization of cell wall from a biorefinery concept and saccharification hydrolysis with synergies of multiple enzymes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Role of Seed Traits in Plant Communities Assembly Process on Roadcut Slope Kunrong Qin,Hua Qin,Li Lin,Haiyang Wang Scientia Silvae Sinicae    2024, 60 (3): 141-149.   DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220145 Abstract （42）   HTML （0）    PDF （730KB）（69）       Knowledge map    Save Roadcut slopes are artificially created habitats constantly affected by human disturbance. The revegetation of these slopes has long challenged forestry managers due to the dual constraints of seed availability and harsh conditions. Despite advancements in slope revegetation techniques, resulting plant communities often lack naturalness and sustainability. A key reason for this lies in the oversight of current restoration techniques, neglecting the formation patterns and potential roles of plant traits in the community assembly process. Functional trait analysis of plants is now a fundamental tool for understanding ecological processes and patterns in plant communities. However, the significance of seed functional traits, particularly those closely tied to community assembly processes like seed dispersal, deposition, and germination, is frequently underestimated. To enhance our understanding of the role of seed traits in community assembly, this paper reviews existing research based on the biotic and abiotic characteristics of roadside slope environments and their associated ecological constraints. The analysis identifies key factors influencing plant colonization on roadcut slopes under natural conditions from a trait perspective. Additionally, the paper outlines the potential of seed traits in predicting community assembly and selecting suitable restoration plants. In general, seed traits related to dispersal, persistence, and germination play a crucial role in the successful colonization of plants on roadcut slopes. During the early stages of succession, source scarcity and harsh abiotic environments emerge as primary factors influencing the establishment of plant communities on slopes. Plants adapted to slope environments often employ unique ecological strategies in seed dispersal, deposition, and germination to cope with erosive runoff, arid conditions, and infertile environments. Summarizing these findings contributes to a deeper understanding of the assembly processes and patterns of early plant communities on roadcut slopes from the perspective of seed traits. This sheds light on the significant role and potential of seed traits in this process, providing theoretical support for research and practices in the revegetation of roadcut slopes, especially in sensitive areas. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics