植物细胞壁抗降解屏障研究进展与展望

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220329

Abstract

Abstract:

Cellulose is deemed as the most abundant and renewable resource on the earth. Enzymatic saccharification of cellulose to glucose is an ideal bioconversion, but its low efficiency significantly impedes the development of cellulose industrialization. Recognition and deconstruction of different recalcitrant factors and improving enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency are still the vital scientific problems in the high valorization of cellulose. In this article, various recalcitrant factors that impeding the enzymatic hydrolysis were summarized at multidimensional levels, in the aspects of macrostructure, microstructure, ultra-structure, molecule, chemical group, chemical element, chemical bonds and gene. Furthermore, we revealed that recalcitrant factors exhibited typical heterogeneity in specific biomass, high dynamics in different development stage of plant, and complex relation during the pretreatment. Finally, several novel research directions and strategy on recalcitrant barrier were proposed: cell wall interface recalcitrance, modification and valorization of cell wall from a biorefinery concept and saccharification hydrolysis with synergies of multiple enzymes.

Key words: recalcitrance, lignocellulosic biomass, bioconversion&shy, enzymatic hydrolysis

CLC Number:

Yan Lu,Jiaqi Li,Yuxuan Ma,Huiting Xue,Guanhua Li. Recent Progress on Recalcitrance of Biomass[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(3): 160-168.

Figures/Tables 3

Fig.1

Table 1

Table 2

Main gene candidates applicable for plant cell wall modification."

基因/酶 Gene/enzyme	生物质 Plant species	生物学作用 Biological function	参考文献 Reference
GAUT4	柳枝稷Panicum virgatum 美洲黑杨 Populus deltoides 稻Oryza sativa	合成果胶，促进木质素-碳水化合物交联，降低细胞壁糖的可萃取性 Synthesizing pectin, increasing wall calcium and boron, promoting lignin-carbohydrate cross-linkages and decreasing extractability of cell wall sugars	Biswal et al., 2018; Li et al., 2019
OsMYB103L-RNAi	稻Oryza sativa	导致纤维素微纤维破碎无序，降低CrI和DP Leading to a broken and disordered cellulose microfibers and reducing CrI and DP values	Wu et al., 2021
PtoDET2	毛白杨Populus tomentosa	参与木质素合成;提高纤维素CrI和DP；增加半纤维素Xyl/Ara比例 Participating in lignin synthesis; reducing cellulose CrI, DP, hemicellulose Xyl/Ara ratio	Fan et al., 2020a
OsCAD2	稻Oryza sativa	合成木质素；减少H木质素，增加G木质 Synthesizing lignin; reducing H monomer and increasing G monomer levels	Zhang et al., 2021
PtoLAC14	拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana	合成木质素；降低S/G比例 Synthesizing lignin; reducing the proportion of S/G	Qin et al., 2020
CAD	稻Oryza sativa	参与木质素的合成和运输 Participating in lignin synthesis and transportation	Martin et al., 2019
OSSUS3	稻Oryza sativa	促进纤维素和半纤维素沉积 Enhancing cellulose and hemicelluloses deposition	Fan et al., 2020b
AtCESA6	稻Oryza sativa	通过促进细胞生长和次级细胞壁沉积；增加纤维素产量 Increasing cellulose production by enhancing cell growth and secondary cell wall deposition	Ai et al., 2021
COBL2	拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana	增加结晶纤维素的沉积；提高阿拉伯糖和半乳糖的含量 Resulting in the deposition of crystalline cellulose; increasing contents of arabinose and galactose	Ben-Tov et al., 2018
QUA2	拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana	促进果胶的生物合成和管壁积累，增加纤维素在管壁的定向沉积 Promoting the biosynthesis of pectic HG and accumulation in the wall , increasing the aligned deposition of cellulose in the wall	Du et al., 2020
AtCESA1 ^T166A	拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana	增加果胶甲基酯化; 降低纤维素合成/沉积 Causing the increase of pectin methylesterification and defects in cellulose synthesis/deposition	Zhang et al., 2022
OsCESA9	稻Oryza sativa	降低纤维素CrI和DP，降低半纤维素Xyl/Ara比例，提高果胶中糖醛酸的含量 Reducing cellulose CrI and DP values and hemicellulose Xyl/Ara ratio, increasing uronic acids from pectin	Yu et al., 2022
PgGUX	白云杉Picea glauca	引入GlcA修饰半纤维Introducing GlcA to decorate hemicellulose	Lyczakowski et al., 2017

Table 2

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类别 Category	生物质 Plant species	纤维素 Cellulose (%）	半纤维素 Hemicellulose (%)	木质素 Lignin (%)	参考文献 Reference
草本Herbaceous plant	稻Oryza sativa	35.80	21.50	11.90	Mankar et al., 2021
	小麦Triticum aestivum	31.50	22.60	5.30	Holopainen-Mantila et al., 2013
	芦苇Phragmites australis	77.98	23.56	20.01	胡惠仁等，2000
	荻 Miscanthus sacchariflorus	77.42	22.42	22.71	胡惠仁等，2000
	芒Miscanthus sinensis	49.00	32.00	28.00	Hu et al., 2017
	芦竹Arundo donax	28.02	13.89	20.29	Proietti et al., 2017
	甘蔗Saccharum	38.20	27.10	20.20	Karthikeyan et al., 2013
	柳枝稷Panicum virgatum	32.87	29.12	19.03	彭霄鹏等，2019
	毛竹 Phyllostachys edulis	45.30	17.00	27.00	Ling et al., 2022
	龟甲竹Phyllostachys heterocycla	40.40	24.30	31.60	He et al., 2022
	玉米Zea mays	40.00	25.00	17.00	Machado et al., 2016
	高粱Sorghum bicolor	37.00	33.00	20.00	Wei et al., 2021
灌木 Shrub	柠条Caragana korshinskii	42.70	22.24	22.24	Liu et al., 2022
	灌木柳Salix purpurea	48.89	21.08	24.08	Gouker et al., 2021
	藜蒿Grewia flavescens	58.46	15.32	12.51	Tiwari et al., 2022
	岩蔷薇Cistus salvifolius	11.90	10.20	7.91	Bruno-Soares et al., 2011
针叶材Coniferous trees	欧洲云杉Picea abies	44.50	18.30	26.80	Pielhop et al., 2017
	欧洲赤松Pinus sylvestris	55.90	14.18	22.49	Lin et al., 2022
	冷杉Abies pectinata	46.78	19.28	22.49	Lin et al., 2022
阔叶材Broadleaf trees	欧洲水青冈Fagus sylvatica	44.87	33.53	16.75	Lin et al., 2022
	桉Eucalyptus	49.13	17.45	26.17	Rigual et al., 2018
	欧洲黑松Pinus nigra	29.56	41.92	19.99	Gupta et al., 2014
	沼生栎 Quercus palustris	40.40	35.90	24.10	Isikgor et al., 2015

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Recent Progress on Recalcitrance of Biomass

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