环保高效制备竹纤维研究进展

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20221115

Abstract

Abstract:

With an ever-increasing consumption of non-renewable resources, the construction of green cycle and low-carbon economy has become the top priority of the sustainable development of all walks of life throughout the world. The bamboo industry is one of the major industries that are very unique to China. With the implementation of three low-carbon emission reduction policies of "carbon peak, carbon neutralization and carbon trading" and the "plastic ban" policy, bamboo fiber, as a type of natural green fiber, is seeing resurgence in interests leading it to becoming a current research hotspot. Bamboo fiber has the characteristics of high strength, low density, good elasticity, wear resistance, breathability, renewable, and degradable. Compared with glass fiber and carbon fiber, it is easy to degrade and has less degradable carbon emissions. It can be used as a reinforcing phase of composite materials to partly replace plastics and has huge economic potential. However, the current preparation method used to produce bamboo material and bamboo fiber do result in a lot of pollution, so that bamboo fiber loses its environmental advantages; there are also still many problems in the preparation of bamboo fiber, such as lignin residues, short fiber length, hairiness, uneven thickness and so on. These processing issues restrict the high value-added application of bamboo fiber in textile and composite materials. Based on a large number of scientific studies, this paper focus on the development of environmentally friendly bamboo fiber preparation method. The basic properties of these method were compared and the advantages, disadvantages and key technical difficulties of various method were analyzed. Thus, the preparation of bamboo fiber was prospected. The innovation of new environmentally friendly preparation technology and the upgrade of high-efficiency automation equipment are important development directions for realizing the integrated development of raw materials, equipment and processes, improving the performance of bamboo fibers, reducing product costs, and expanding the development of high value-added products of bamboo fibers.

Key words: bamboo fiber, preparation method, degumming process, environmental protection, efficient

Wenting Li,Mingpeng Li,Haitao Cheng,Jihe Chen,Ge Wang. Development of Environmentally Friendly and Efficient Bamboo Fiber Processing[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(11): 160-173.

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性能 Performance	竹纤维 Bamboo fiber	棉纤维 Cotton fiber	苎麻纤维 Ramie fiber	粘胶纤维 Viscose fiber
横截面 Cross section	腰圆形或椭圆形中腔，有裂纹 Waist round or oval cavity with cracks	腰圆形，有中腔 Round waist with middle cavity	腰圆形或椭圆形，有中腔及裂缝 Waist round or oval, with middle cavity and cracks	锯齿形皮芯结构 Zigzag skin-core structure
纵截面 Longitudinal section	有横节凹槽 With transverse groove	天然转曲 Natural curl	有横节竖纹 There are horizontal and vertical lines	平直有沟槽 Straight and grooved
线密度Linear density/dtex	1.65	1.65~1.95	6.3~7.5	1.7
密度Density/(g·cm^-3)	0.68	1.54~1.55	1.54~1.55	1.50~1.52
断裂强度 Breaking strength/(cN/dtex)	3.49	2.0~2.4	4.33	1.6~2.7
初始模量 Initial modulus/(cN/dtex)	55~90	60~82	170~210	35~52
断裂伸长率 Elongation at break(%)	17~22	7~9	3.77	16~22
回潮率Moisture regain(%)	12	8.5	13	13
吸水率Water absorption(%)	90~120	45~60	—	90~110

方法 Method	纤维细度 Fiber fineness/tex	纤维白度 Fiber whiteness(%)	断裂强度 Breaking strength/(cN/dtex)	残胶率 Residual glue rate(%)	木质素含量 Lignin content (%)	参考文献 References
气态臭氧 Gaseous ozone	3.13	72.13	2.470	27.42	4.12	吕明霞，2008
气态臭氧+NaOH Gaseous ozone + NaOH	2.33	79.61	2.500	18	4.72	吕明霞，2008
液态臭氧+H₂O₂ Liquid ozone + H₂O₂	3.25	—	—	17.86	2.66	刘孟峦，2012

方法 Method	纤维细度 Fiber fineness/tex	断裂强力 Breaking strength/(cN/dtex)	半纤维素去除率 Hemicellulose removal rate(%)	木质素去除率 Lignin removal rate (%)	残胶率 Residual glue rate (%)	参考文献 References
臭氧Ozone	2.33	2.50	—	61.9	18	吕明霞，2008
过氧化氢 Hydrogen peroxide	0.56	6.18	77.6~86.4	72.2~99.01	4.56	Li et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2020
Fenton试剂 Fenton reagent	0.74	—	38.84~64.71	15.23~46.85	—	吴凯等，2017； Jung et al., 2015

试剂 Reagent	处理时间 Processing time/h	处理温度 Processing temperature/℃	助剂 Additives	断裂强度 Breaking strength/(cN/dtex)	拉伸强度 Tensile strength/MPa	参考文献 References
20 g·L^-1NaOH	2	室温 Room temperature	振荡 Oscillation	1.77	161.07	楼利琴等, 2010
9 g·L^-1NaOH	2	90	自制复配新型助剂 Self-made compound additives	1.16	105.56	蔡艳蓉, 2012
8 g·L^-1NaOH	3	100±5	Na₂SO₃、尿素、JFC渗透剂 Na₂SO₃, Urea, JFC penetrant	5.40	491.40	王春红等, 2005
6.0 g·L^-1NaOH+H₂O₂	1	100	—	3.96	360.36	Li et al., 2011
5%NaOH	2	90	Na₂SO₃	5.44	479.00	黄慧，2018
5%NaOH	24	室温 Room temperature	Na₂SO₃	8.26	751.70	Hu et al., 2020
1%NaOH	10	室温 Room temperature	—	4.34	395.00	Phong et al., 2012
0.5%NaOH	一定时间 Certain time	100	JFC渗透剂 JFC penetrant	4.24	386.25	林天扬等，2018

方法 Method	纤维细度 Fiber fineness/tex	断裂强度 Breaking strength/(cN/dtex)	半纤维素去除率 Hemicellulose removal rate(%)	木质素去除率 Lignin removal rate(%)	参考文献 References
氧化法Oxidation	0.56	6.18	77.60~86.40	72.2~99.01	Li et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2020
有机溶剂法Organic solvent	0.87~2.03	2.70	—	61.93	唐志云，2014
碱法Alkaline	10.05~18.28	1.16~7.34	38.84~64.71	48.63	蔡艳蓉, 2012；黄慧, 2018
离子液体法Ionic liquid	—	1.20	—	85.26	Muhammad et al., 2011

Development of Environmentally Friendly and Efficient Bamboo Fiber Processing

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方法 Method	分离度 Degree of separation(%)	平均长度 Average length/mm	平均直径 Average diameter/μm	拉伸强度 Tensile Strength/MPa	拉伸模量 Tensile modulus/GPa	得率 Obtain yield(%)
梳解法Combing	95	38.4	129.8	257±78	23.6±7.8	64.1
挤压弯曲法 Squeeze and bend	88	75.4	169.5	356±64	31.4±6.1	74.2
碾压法Rolling	85	121.4	183.1	372±58	30.5±5.8	73.0

方法 Method	处理温度 Processing temperature/℃	酶浓度 Enzyme concentration/(g·L^-1)	处理时间 Processing time/h	细度 Fineness/ dtex	断裂强度 Breaking strength/(cN/dtex)	细度变化率 Fineness change rate (%)	参考文献 References
单种酶处理 Single enzyme treatment	纤维素酶Cellulase	50	4	0.83	—	2.97	20.52	陈建平等，2014
	漆酶1 Laccase 1	65	20	1	11.26	2.88	32.95	楼利琴等，2010
	漆酶2 Laccase 2	55	0.35	8	5.67	—	—	刘孟峦，2012
	精炼酶Refining enzyme	55	20	48	10.42	2.84	38	楼利琴等，2010
	半纤维素酶Hemicellulase	50	3	7	6.02	—	—	刘孟峦，2012
多种酶复配处理 Multiple enzyme compound treatment	一步法(果胶酶+纤维素酶) One step(pectinase+cellulase)	50	4+4	2.5+0.83	4.43	3.19	45.11	丁伟，2014
	二步法(果胶酶+纤维素酶) Two steps(pectinase+cellulase)	50	4+4	2.5+0.83	—	—	46.29	丁伟，2014
	三步法(纤维素酶→果胶酶+木聚糖酶→漆酶) Three steps(cellulase→pectinase+ xylanase→laccase)	60	4+(4+12)+6	3+(2.25+3)+2.25	2.37	1.12	54.42	蔡艳蓉，2012
	木聚糖酶+果胶酶+纤维素酶 Xylanase+pectinase+ cellulase	50+60	2+4	1+0.67	—	—	—	吕橄等，2019

方法 Method	断裂强度 Breaking strength/(cN/dtex)	细度 Fineness/dtex
化学法Chemical method	1.16~7.34	5.6~18.28
物理-法Physical method	2.28~5.5	12.66~46.08
生物酶法Biological enzymatic method	1.12~5.09	2.37~11.26

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