百山祖中山常绿阔叶林不同垂直层次优势种空间分布格局及关联性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240556

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究百山祖国家公园中山常绿阔叶林不同高度层次优势物种的空间分布格局及关联性，以理解群落垂直结构中各层次的生存策略、竞争机制，加深对区域群落构建和多样性维持机制的理解。方法: 基于百山祖国家公园中山常绿阔叶林群落1 hm²监测样地调查数据，通过树高划分，对各高度层次中重要值排名前3位的优势种个体进行分析，采用成对相关函数g(r)以及基于胸径的标记相关函数k_mm(r)分析各高度层次优势种群空间分布格局及层间关联性，采用Spearman秩相关系数分析各层次种群数量分布与地形因子的相关性。结果: 群落优势种群受环境因素影响，其个体数量分布与地形因子呈现正相关；群落各层次优势种群的空间分布格局呈现由低尺度的聚集分布转变为高尺度的随机或均匀分布的趋势，去除生境异质性影响后，聚集分布的尺度范围降低；上层与中层、下层优势种群在低尺度负关联；基于胸径的标记点格局分析中，中层、下层个体在层内及层间于低尺度存在一定负关联。结论: 百山祖国家公园中山常绿阔叶林群落优势种群呈现低尺度聚集分布、高尺度随机或均匀分布的空间格局，上层种群对近距离中层、下层个体生长发育产生限制，中层、下层种群存在低尺度上个体间的资源竞争现象。

关键词: 群落结构, 空间分布格局, 空间关联性, 标记相关函数, 中山常绿阔叶林

Abstract:

Objective: To explore the spatial distribution pattern and correlation of dominant species at different height levels in the mid-mountain evergreen broad-leaved forest of Baishanzu National Park, so as to understand the survival strategies and competition mechanisms of each level in the vertical structure of the community, and to deepen the understanding of the construction and diversity maintenance mechanisms of the regional community. Method: Based on the survey data of 1 hm² monitoring plot of mid-mountain evergreen broad-leaved forest community in Baishanzu National Park, analyze the individuals of the top three dominant species in terms of importance value at each high level by tree height division. The pair correlation function g(r) and the marked correlation function k_mm(r) based on diameter at breast height were used to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of dominant species at each height level and the correlation between the layers. Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between population number distribution and topographic factors at each level. Result: The dominant species in the community are affected by environmental factors, and their individual number distribution is positively correlated with topographic factors; the spatial distribution pattern of dominant species in each level of the community showed a trend of changing from low-scale aggregation to high-scale random or uniform distribution, and after removing the influence of habitat heterogeneity, the scale range of aggregation distribution was reduced; the upper layer dominant species showed low-scale negative correlation with those in the intermediate and lower layers; in the marked point pattern analysis based on the diameter at breast height, there was some negative correlation among individuals within and between the intermediate and lower layers at the low scale. Conclusion: The dominant species of mid-mountain evergreen broad-leaved forest community in Baishanzu National Park exhibit a spatial pattern of aggregation at a low scale and random or uniform distribution at a high scale. The upper layer restricted the growth and development of individuals in the intermediate and lower layers at close distance, and there was resource competition between individuals in the intermediate and lower layers at low scale.

Key words: community structure, spatial distribution pattern, spatial correlation, marker correlation function, mid-mountain broadleaf evergreen forest

中图分类号:

S718.54

程子翰,张金池,姜姜,孟苗婧,李珈印,罗梅,方向华. 百山祖中山常绿阔叶林不同垂直层次优势种空间分布格局及关联性[J]. 林业科学, 2025, 61(3): 72-85.

Zihan Cheng,Jinchi Zhang,Jiang Jiang,Miaojing Meng,Jiayin Li,Mei Luo,Xianghua Fang. Spatial Distribution Pattern and Correlation of Dominant Species at Different Vertical Levels in Baishanzu Mid-Mountain Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2025, 61(3): 72-85.

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高度层次 Height level	树高划分 Tree-height division/m	优势种 Dominant species	物种数 Species numbers	平均胸径 Mean DBH/cm	平均树高 Mean tree height/m
上层 Upper layer	H ＞ 10	光皮桦+木荷+甜槠 Betula luminifera + Schima superba + Castanopsis eyrei	62	17.06	17.40
中层 Intermediate layer	5 ＜ H ≤ 10	鹿角杜鹃+木荷+甜槠 Rhododendron latoucheae + S. superba + C. eyrei	95	5.38	6.92
下层 Lower layer	H ≤ 5	鹿角杜鹃+木荷+马银花 R. latoucheae + S. superba + Rhododendron ovatum	93	3.10	3.51

物种 Species	多度 Abundance	平均胸径 Mean DBH/cm	相对多度 Relative abundance(%)	相对频度 Relative frequency(%)	相对显著度 Relative dominance(%)	重要值 Importance value(%)
木荷Schima superba	910	5.30	15.24	3.26	10.92	9.81
甜槠Castanopsis eyrei	498	6.96	8.34	3.26	10.22	7.27
鹿角杜鹃Rhododendron latoucheae	750	4.03	12.56	2.99	3.68	6.41
光皮桦Betula luminifera	107	20.53	1.79	2.34	11.73	5.29
马银花Rhododendron ovatum	576	3.72	9.65	2.86	2.14	4.88
格药柃Eurya muricata	494	3.55	8.27	3.13	2.18	4.53
石栎Lithocarpus glaber	145	12.47	2.43	2.60	8.53	4.52
青冈Quercus glauca	236	7.56	3.95	2.47	6.63	4.35
鹅耳枥Carpinus turczaninowii	162	9.52	2.71	2.99	5.19	3.63
蓝果树Nyssa sinensis	45	22.74	0.75	1.56	6.73	3.02

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