林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (10): 157-165.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20211015
庞荣荣1,彭潔莹1,闫琰1,2,*
收稿日期:
2020-05-20
出版日期:
2021-10-25
发布日期:
2021-12-11
通讯作者:
闫琰
基金资助:
Rongrong Pang1,Jieying Peng1,Yan Yan1,2,*
Received:
2020-05-20
Online:
2021-10-25
Published:
2021-12-11
Contact:
Yan Yan
摘要:
目的: 分析和比较物种多样性(物种丰富度、物种Shannon-Wiener指数和物种均匀度)、结构多样性(胸径Shannon-Wiener指数、胸径均匀度、胸径变异系数和胸径基尼系数)以及环境因素对秦岭太白山北坡锐齿栎林地上生物量的影响,为促进秦岭生物多样性保护和森林生态系统功能协调发展提供理论依据。方法: 以秦岭太白山北坡锐齿栎林为对象,基于1.5 hm2固定监测样地中所有胸径≥1 cm木本植物调查数据,利用多元线性回归分析物种多样性和结构多样性与地上生物量的相关性。通过构建结构方程模型并结合环境因素,比较物种多样性和结构多样性对地上生物量的作用效应。结果: 线性回归模型和结构方程模型的分析结果均显示:表示物种多样性的3个指标与地上生物量均无显著相关性,表示结构多样性的指标中,只有胸径均匀度与地上生物量呈显著负相关性,但胸径均匀度对地上生物量变异的解释能力却很低。环境因子对地上生物量的影响同时存在直接和间接效应,但直接效应起到主要作用。结论: 群落结构是影响太白山锐齿栎林地上生物量的重要因素;但结构多样性对地上生物量的作用效应是抑制而非促进,说明增加群落结构的复杂性反而不利于地上生物量的累积。环境因素直接影响地上生物量,但对物种多样性和结构多样性与地上生物量的关系无显著影响。本研究证实了群落结构对森林地上生物量的重要性,但这并不能说明群落结构是影响太白山次生锐齿栎林地上生物量的主导因素。
中图分类号:
庞荣荣,彭潔莹,闫琰. 太白山次生锐齿栎林地上生物量影响因素[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(10): 157-165.
Rongrong Pang,Jieying Peng,Yan Yan. Factors Influencing Aboveground Biomass in the Secondary Forest of Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata in Taibai Mountain[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(10): 157-165.
表1
样方环境因子数据"
环境因子 Environmental factors | 均值 Mean | 范围 Range | 标准差 Standard deviation |
土壤pH Soil pH | 5.874 | 4.530~7.035 | 0.599 |
土壤全磷含量Soil total phosphorus content/(g·kg-1) | 0.427 | 0.235~0.761 | 0.110 |
土壤全钾含量Soil total potassium content/(g·kg-1) | 18.948 | 15.612~26.823 | 2.945 |
土壤全氮含量Soil total nitrogen content/(g·kg-1) | 4.246 | 2.133~6.231 | 0.994 |
土壤速效钾含量Soil available potassium content/(mg·kg-1) | 233.138 | 144.600~327.200 | 60.029 |
土壤速效磷含量Soil available phosphorus content/(mg·kg-1) | 16.651 | 10.650~20.925 | 2.707 |
土壤碱解氮含量Soil alkali hydrolyzes nitrogen content/(mg·kg-1) | 238.460 | 143.010~314.510 | 41.163 |
土壤有机质含量Soil organic carbon content/(g·kg-1) | 80.706 | 47.184~111.248 | 16.229 |
样方海拔Quadrat elevation /m | 1 404.749 | 1 369.242~1 439.481 | 20.038 |
地表凹凸度Intensive degree | 1.271 | -3.488~8.122 | 2.893 |
坡度Slope/(°) | 36.459 | 12.838~57.322 | 10.321 |
表2
物种多样性和结构多样性指数计算公式及结果①"
指数Index | 计算公式Formula | 均值Mean | 范围Rang |
物种丰富度 Species richness(S) | S=NS | 13.310 | 5.000~17.000 |
物种香农威纳指数 Species Shannon-Wiener index(HS) | 2.151 | 1.112~2.551 | |
物种均匀度 Species Pielou(ES) | ES=HS/ln(NS) | 0.836 | 0.691~0.931 |
胸径香农威纳指数 DBH Shannon-Wiener index(Hd) | 2.479 | 1.802~2.875 | |
胸径均匀度 DBH Pielou(Ed) | Ed=Hd /ln(Hd) | 0.801 | 0.585~0.940 |
胸径变异系数 Coefficient of DBH variation(Vd) | 116.131 | 87.426~171.505 | |
胸径基尼系数 DBH Gini index(Gd) | 0.820 | 0.697~0.916 |
表3
不同树种生物量模型①"
树种(组) Tree species (group) | 生物量模型 Biomass models |
锐齿栎Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata | WT=0.094DBH 2.546 (DBH≥5 cm); WT =0.205DBH 2.062 (DBH < 5 cm) |
油松Pinus tabuliformis | WS =0.145DBH 2.158; WB =0.067DBH 1.978; WL =0.060DBH1.933 |
华山松Pinus armandii | WS=0.079DBH 2.282; WB =0.027DBH 2.366; WL =0.005DBH2.554 |
其他树种Other species | WS =0.114DBH 2.154; WB =0.014DBH 2.538; WL =0.016DBH 2.065 (DBH < 10 cm) |
WS =0.103DBH 2.199; WB =0.013DBH 2.557; WL =0.016DBH2.070 (10 cm≤DBH≤20 cm) | |
WS=0.095DBH 2.225; WB =0.013DBH 2.570; WL =0.015DBH 2.076 (DBH > 20 cm) |
表4
物种多样性和结构多样性指数与地上生物量构成的线性回归模型评价①"
解释变量Explanatory variables | a1 | a2 | R2 | AIC |
S+Hd | 0.141 | 0.171 | 0.043 | 104.833 |
HS+ Hd | -0.008 | 0.155 | 0.024 | 105.539 |
ES+ Hd | -0.254 | 0.191 | 0.087 | 103.199 |
S+ Ed | 0.023 | -0.364* | 0.137 | 101.291 |
HS+ Ed | -0.034 | -0.373* | 0.138 | 101.129 |
ES+ Ed | -0.158 | -0.338* | 0.161 | 100.252 |
S+ Vd | 0.074 | 0.195 | 0.050 | 104.577 |
HS+ Vd | -0.028 | 0.216 | 0.046 | 104.738 |
ES+ Vd | -0.209 | 0.193 | 0.088 | 103.153 |
S+Gd | 0.155 | -0.220 | 0.062 | 104.160 |
HS+ Gd | 0.016 | -0.198 | 0.039 | 105.013 |
ES+ Gd | -0.214 | -0.180 | 0.084 | 103.324 |
表5
环境变量相关性检验①"
环境变量 Environment variables | 物种均匀度 Species Pielou | 胸径均匀度 DBH Pielou | 地上生物量 Aboveground biomass |
土壤pH Soil pH | 0.208 | 0.098 | -0.616** |
土壤全磷含量Soil total pHosphorus content | 0.219 | 0.184 | -0.501** |
土壤全钾含量Soil total potassium content | 0.288 | -0.383* | -0.657** |
土壤全氮含量Soil total nitrogen content | 0.057 | -0.125 | -0.434** |
土壤速效钾含量Available potassium content | 0.263 | -0.396* | -0.493** |
土壤速效磷含量Available phosphorus content | 0.215 | 0.004 | -0.502** |
土壤碱解氮含量Alkali hydrolyzes nitrogen content | -0.093 | -0.271 | -0.186 |
土壤有机质含量Organic carbon content | -0.077 | -0.268 | -0.321 |
样方海拔Quadrat elevation content | -0.126 | -0.175 | -0.433** |
地表凹凸度Intensive degree | 0.159 | 0.220 | -0.081 |
坡度Slope | 0.307 | 0.294 | -0.290 |
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