太白山次生锐齿栎林地上生物量影响因素

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20211015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 分析和比较物种多样性（物种丰富度、物种Shannon-Wiener指数和物种均匀度）、结构多样性（胸径Shannon-Wiener指数、胸径均匀度、胸径变异系数和胸径基尼系数）以及环境因素对秦岭太白山北坡锐齿栎林地上生物量的影响，为促进秦岭生物多样性保护和森林生态系统功能协调发展提供理论依据。方法: 以秦岭太白山北坡锐齿栎林为对象，基于1.5 hm²固定监测样地中所有胸径≥1 cm木本植物调查数据，利用多元线性回归分析物种多样性和结构多样性与地上生物量的相关性。通过构建结构方程模型并结合环境因素，比较物种多样性和结构多样性对地上生物量的作用效应。结果: 线性回归模型和结构方程模型的分析结果均显示：表示物种多样性的3个指标与地上生物量均无显著相关性，表示结构多样性的指标中，只有胸径均匀度与地上生物量呈显著负相关性，但胸径均匀度对地上生物量变异的解释能力却很低。环境因子对地上生物量的影响同时存在直接和间接效应，但直接效应起到主要作用。结论: 群落结构是影响太白山锐齿栎林地上生物量的重要因素；但结构多样性对地上生物量的作用效应是抑制而非促进，说明增加群落结构的复杂性反而不利于地上生物量的累积。环境因素直接影响地上生物量，但对物种多样性和结构多样性与地上生物量的关系无显著影响。本研究证实了群落结构对森林地上生物量的重要性，但这并不能说明群落结构是影响太白山次生锐齿栎林地上生物量的主导因素。

关键词: 锐齿栎林, 物种多样性, 群落结构, 地上生物量

Abstract:

Objective: The impacts of species diversity (species richness, species Shannon-Wiener index and species evenness), structure diversity (DBH Shannon-Wiener index, DBH evenness, coefficient of DBH variation, and DBH gini index) and environmental factors on aboveground biomass of the forests of Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata in the north slope of Taibai Mountain of Qinling Mountains were investigated to provide a theoretical basis for biodiversity conservation and harmonization of forest ecosystem functions. Method: Q.aliena var. acutiserrata forests in the north slope of Taibai mountain of Qinling Mountains were studied. The effects of species diversity and structural diversity on the aboveground biomass were analyzed based on inventory data (diameter at breast height ≥ 1 cm) and environmental factors in the permanent observation plots (100 m×150 m). The correlation between species diversity and aboveground biomass was determined by multivariate regression. Coupling with environmental factors, the structural equation modeling was conducted to compare the effects of species diversity and structural diversity on aboveground biomass. Result: The linear regression and structural equation modeling showed no significant correlation between the 3 indices of species diversity with the aboveground biomass. Among the structure diversity indices, a significant negative correlation was obtained between DBH pielou and aboveground biomass. However, a low percentage of aboveground biomass variation can be explained by the diameter pielou. Environmental factors had direct and indirect effects on aboveground biomass, while direct effects were more prominent. Conclusion: Community structure was an important factor for the aboveground biomass of Q. aliena var. acutiserrata forests. However, structural diversity was an inhibiting factor rather than promoting factor on aboveground biomass, indicating that the increased complexity of community structure did not benefit the accumulation of aboveground biomass. Environmental factors directly affected aboveground biomass; however, no significant effect was found on the correlations of aboveground biomass with species diversity or structure diversity. Although the importance of community structure to the aboveground biomass was proved in this study, community structure may not be the dominant factor for aboveground biomass of Q. aliena var. acutiserrata forests.

Key words: Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata forests, species diversity, community structure, aboveground biomass

中图分类号:

S718.5

庞荣荣,彭潔莹,闫琰. 太白山次生锐齿栎林地上生物量影响因素[J]. 林业科学, 2021, 57(10): 157-165.

Rongrong Pang,Jieying Peng,Yan Yan. Factors Influencing Aboveground Biomass in the Secondary Forest of Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata in Taibai Mountain[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2021, 57(10): 157-165.

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环境因子 Environmental factors	均值 Mean	范围 Range	标准差 Standard deviation
土壤pH Soil pH	5.874	4.530~7.035	0.599
土壤全磷含量Soil total phosphorus content/(g·kg^-1)	0.427	0.235~0.761	0.110
土壤全钾含量Soil total potassium content/(g·kg^-1)	18.948	15.612~26.823	2.945
土壤全氮含量Soil total nitrogen content/(g·kg^-1)	4.246	2.133~6.231	0.994
土壤速效钾含量Soil available potassium content/(mg·kg^-1)	233.138	144.600~327.200	60.029
土壤速效磷含量Soil available phosphorus content/(mg·kg^-1)	16.651	10.650~20.925	2.707
土壤碱解氮含量Soil alkali hydrolyzes nitrogen content/(mg·kg^-1)	238.460	143.010~314.510	41.163
土壤有机质含量Soil organic carbon content/(g·kg^-1)	80.706	47.184~111.248	16.229
样方海拔Quadrat elevation /m	1 404.749	1 369.242~1 439.481	20.038
地表凹凸度Intensive degree	1.271	-3.488~8.122	2.893
坡度Slope/(°)	36.459	12.838~57.322	10.321

指数Index	计算公式Formula	均值Mean	范围Rang
物种丰富度 Species richness(S)	S=N_S	13.310	5.000~17.000
物种香农威纳指数 Species Shannon-Wiener index(H_S)	$H_{\mathrm{S}}=-\sum\limits_{i=1}^{N_{\mathrm{S}}} \frac{n_{i}}{N} \times \ln \left(\frac{n_{i}}{N}\right)$	2.151	1.112~2.551
物种均匀度 Species Pielou(E_S)	E_S=H_S/ln(N_S)	0.836	0.691~0.931
胸径香农威纳指数 DBH Shannon-Wiener index(H_d)	$H_{\mathrm{d}}=-\sum\limits_{j=1}^{N_{\mathrm{d}}} \frac{n_{j}}{N_{\mathrm{d}}} \times \ln \left(\frac{n_{j}}{N_{\mathrm{d}}}\right)$	2.479	1.802~2.875
胸径均匀度 DBH Pielou(E_d)	E_d=H_d /ln(H_d)	0.801	0.585~0.940
胸径变异系数 Coefficient of DBH variation(V_d)	$V_{\mathrm{d}}=100 \% \times \frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{N}\left(\mathrm{DBH}_{m}-\mu\right)^{2}}}{\mu}$	116.131	87.426~171.505
胸径基尼系数 DBH Gini index(G_d)	$G_{d}=\frac{\sum_{m=2}^{N}(2 \times m-N-1) \times \mathrm{BA}_{m}}{\sum_{m=2}^{N}(N-1) \times \mathrm{BA}_{m}}$	0.820	0.697~0.916

树种(组) Tree species (group)	生物量模型 Biomass models
锐齿栎Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata	W_T=0.094DBH ^2.546 (DBH≥5 cm); W_T =0.205DBH ^2.062 (DBH < 5 cm)
油松Pinus tabuliformis	W_S =0.145DBH ^2.158; W_B =0.067DBH ^1.978; W_L =0.060DBH^1.933
华山松Pinus armandii	W_S=0.079DBH ^2.282; W_B =0.027DBH ^2.366; W_L =0.005DBH^2.554
其他树种Other species	W_S =0.114DBH ^2.154; W_B =0.014DBH ^2.538; W_L =0.016DBH ^2.065 (DBH < 10 cm)
	W_S =0.103DBH ^2.199; W_B =0.013DBH ^2.557; W_L =0.016DBH^2.070 (10 cm≤DBH≤20 cm)
	W_S=0.095DBH ^2.225; W_B =0.013DBH ^2.570; W_L =0.015DBH ^2.076 (DBH > 20 cm)

解释变量Explanatory variables	a₁	a₂	R²	AIC
S+H_d	0.141	0.171	0.043	104.833
H_S+ H_d	-0.008	0.155	0.024	105.539
E_S+ H_d	-0.254	0.191	0.087	103.199
S+ E_d	0.023	-0.364^*	0.137	101.291
H_S+ E_d	-0.034	-0.373^*	0.138	101.129
E_S+ E_d	-0.158	-0.338^*	0.161	100.252
S+ V_d	0.074	0.195	0.050	104.577
H_S+ V_d	-0.028	0.216	0.046	104.738
E_S+ V_d	-0.209	0.193	0.088	103.153
S+G_d	0.155	-0.220	0.062	104.160
H_S+ G_d	0.016	-0.198	0.039	105.013
E_S+ G_d	-0.214	-0.180	0.084	103.324

环境变量 Environment variables	物种均匀度 Species Pielou	胸径均匀度 DBH Pielou	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass
土壤pH Soil pH	0.208	0.098	-0.616^**
土壤全磷含量Soil total pHosphorus content	0.219	0.184	-0.501^**
土壤全钾含量Soil total potassium content	0.288	-0.383^*	-0.657^**
土壤全氮含量Soil total nitrogen content	0.057	-0.125	-0.434^**
土壤速效钾含量Available potassium content	0.263	-0.396^*	-0.493^**
土壤速效磷含量Available phosphorus content	0.215	0.004	-0.502^**
土壤碱解氮含量Alkali hydrolyzes nitrogen content	-0.093	-0.271	-0.186
土壤有机质含量Organic carbon content	-0.077	-0.268	-0.321
样方海拔Quadrat elevation content	-0.126	-0.175	-0.433^**
地表凹凸度Intensive degree	0.159	0.220	-0.081
坡度Slope	0.307	0.294	-0.290