落叶松枯梢病罹病叶及病梢真菌多样性

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230386

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探明落叶松针叶和梢的内生真菌多样性和群落结构的差异与落叶松枯梢病发病的关系，为落叶松枯梢病的防控提供参考。方法: 基于高通量测序技术，通过OTU数量、鉴定类群、多样性指数和FUNGuild营养型预测等方法，分析无病斑和染病的针叶和松梢的内生真菌群落结构、多样性和功能营养型的差异。结果: 针叶样品中共计1 091个OTU，梢样品中共计1 083个OTU；针叶样本间差异显著（P<0.05），全无病斑的针叶内生真菌多样性显著高于染病最重的针叶，无病斑梢与感病梢内生真菌多样性无显著差异；针叶和梢中的优势菌门为子囊菌门，无病斑的针叶内生真菌优势菌目和属为刺盾炱目和Arthrocatena，染病后针叶优势真菌为葡萄座腔菌目和新壳梭孢属，梢中优势为真菌目和属为煤炱目和小叠孢属。 LefSe分析表明，在针叶和梢中真菌群落中共54个显著性差异类群。PCoA分析进一步证实，无病斑与染病针叶的内生真菌群落差异显著（anosim R=0.695，P<0.05）。针叶真菌营养型以病理-腐生营养型真菌为主，染病后病理营养型真菌占优势，梢中真菌营养型以病理-腐生营养型真菌为主。结论: 相较于落叶松梢，针叶内生真菌群落结构变化更显著，病原菌在针叶中富集，进而促进落叶松枯梢病的发展。

关键词: 落叶松枯梢病, 针叶, 梢, 内生真菌, 群落结构

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between the differences in the diversity and community structure of endophytic fungi in the needles and shoots of Larix olgensis (larch) infected by Botryosphaeria laricina, and the incidence of larch dieback, so as to provide reference for the prevention of larch dieback. Method: Based on high-throughput sequencing technology, the differences in community structure, diversity and functional nutrient types of endophytic fungi between asymptomatic and diseased larch needles and shoots were analyzed by means of OTU number, identification group, diversity index and FUNGuild prediction. Result: The sequencing results showed that there were 1091 OTUs in needle samples and 1083 OTUs in shoot samples. The diversity of endophytic fungi in asymptomatic needles was significantly higher than that in the heavily infected needles, and there was no significant difference in endophytic fungal diversity between the asymptomatic and infected shoots. The dominant fungal phylum in needles and shoots was Ascomycetes, and the dominant order and genus in asymptomatic needles were Chaetothyriales and Arthrocatena, respectively. After infection with by B. laricina, the dominant order and genus in needles were Botryosphaeriales and Neofusicoccum, respectively, while Capnodiales and Microcyclosporella were the dominant fungal order and genus in shoots, respectively. LefSe analysis indicated that there were a total of 54 significant differential groups in fungal communities in needles and shoots. PCoA analysis further confirmed that the endophytic fungal communities of asymptomatic needles were significantly different from those of infected needles (anosim R=0.695, P < 0.05). The fungal nutritional types in needles were mainly pathological and saprophytic, and the pathological fungi were dominated after infection. The nutritional types of fungi in the shoots were mainly pathological and saprophytic. Conclusion: Compared with the shoots of L .olgensis, the endophytic fungal community structure in needle changes more significantly after infection by B. laricina, and the pathogen is enriched in the needles, thereby promoting the development of larch dieback.

Key words: Botryosphaeria laricina, needles, shoots, endophytic fungi, community structure

中图分类号:

S763.15

谢宪,邓勋,宋丽文,梁军. 落叶松枯梢病罹病叶及病梢真菌多样性[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(10): 76-85.

Xian Xie,Xun Deng,Liwen Song,Jun Liang. Endophytic Fungal Diversity in the Needles and Shoots Infected with Dieback of Larix olgensis[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(10): 76-85.

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处理 Treatment	丰富度指数 Chao1	多样性指数 Shannon	覆盖率 Coverage
无病斑针叶 Asymptomatic needles（AN）	660.96±31.21a	6.08±0.10a	0.99
染病较轻针叶 Lightly infected needles（LIN）	500.50±61.86ab	4.76±0.46ab	0.99
染病较重针叶 Heavily infected needles（HIN）	477.54±48.93b	3.90±0.49b	0.99

处理 Treatment	丰富度指数 Chao1	多样性指数 Shannon	覆盖率 Coverage
无病斑梢 Asymptomatic shoots（AS）	644.55±65.17a	4.34±0.40a	0.99
染病较轻梢 Lightly infected shoots（LIS）	571.50±33.98a	4.44±0.52a	0.99
染病较重梢 Heavily infected shoots（HIS）	503.71±38.09a	4.21±0.41a	0.99

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