樟子松人工林自然更新过程中断的机制及可能调控途径

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240077

林业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (12): 158-167.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20240077

樟子松人工林自然更新过程中断的机制及可能调控途径

党宏忠^1,²,陈帅^3,*(),钟鹏¹,韩辉⁴,张日升⁴,张学利⁴,石长春⁵

1. 中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所　北京 100091
2. 三北工程研究院　北京 100091
3. 中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院　北京 100193
4. 辽宁省沙地治理与利用研究所　辽宁章古台科尔沁沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站　阜新 123000
5. 陕西省治沙研究所　陕西榆林毛乌素沙地荒漠生态系统国家定位观测研究站　榆林 719000

收稿日期:2024-02-07 出版日期:2024-12-25 发布日期:2025-01-02
通讯作者: 陈帅 E-mail:.cs1008@126.com
基金资助:
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2022SY043)；国家自然科学基金项目(32371968)。

Mechanism and Possible Regulatory Approaches of Interruption in the Natural Regeneration Process of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Plantations in China

Hongzhong Dang^1,²,Shuai Chen^3,*(),Peng Zhong¹,Hui Han⁴,Risheng Zhang⁴,Xueli Zhang⁴,Changchun Shi⁵

1. Institute of Ecosystem Conservation and Restoration，Chinese Academy of Forestry　Beijing 100091
2. Institute of Great Green Wall　Beijing 100091
3. College of Land Science and Technology，China Agricultural University　Beijing 100193
4. Institute of Sandyland Governance and Utilization of Liaoning Zhanggutai Horqin Sandyland Ecosystem National Station　Fuxin 123000
5. Shaanxi Institute of Sand Control Mu us Sandy Land Ecosystem National Observation Station　Yulin 719000

Received:2024-02-07 Online:2024-12-25 Published:2025-01-02
Contact: Shuai Chen E-mail:.cs1008@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

樟子松是中国北方生态防护林的重要树种，其天然林主要分布于大兴安岭北坡和呼伦贝尔沙地一带，而引种营建的人工林则已遍布中国北方，成为“三北”工程建设的主要常绿乔木树种。樟子松天然林自然更新良好，但大部分樟子松人工固沙林自然更新不良或失败，全球气候持续变化更加剧了其自然更新的不确定性，成为威胁三北工程行稳致远的重大隐患。本文梳理了有关樟子松及其原种欧洲赤松自然更新的国内外研究成果，分析了母树特征、生境特征和干扰等关键因子影响自然更新过程的效应与原理。基于与天然林更新过程的比较，划分了樟子松人工林自然更新的5个关键阶段，并明确了各阶段受非生物和生物类因子联合影响的机制。最后，针对改变林地的地下、地表和地上环境条件，分别提出了破土整地、地表火烧、伞护庇荫人工促进更新措施建议，对于推进“三北”工程区樟子松固沙林的世代更新具有积极意义。

关键词: 樟子松, 人工林, 自然更新, 干旱, 人工促进

Abstract:

Mongolian Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) is an important tree species for ecological protection forests in China. Its natural forests are mainly distributed on the northern slopes of the Greater Khingan Mountains and the Hulunbuir Sandy Land. The introduced plantations have spread nearly the whole northern China, becoming the main evergreen and arbor tree species for the construction of windbreak and sand-fixing plantations in the Three-North Project of China. The natural Mongolian Scots pine forests are well naturally regenerated, but most of the artificial forests planted for sand-fixation generally have poor or totally failed natural regeneration. Moreover, the continuous global climate changes have exacerbated the uncertainty for the natural regeneration, which has become the threat and the major hidden danger to the stability and long-term services of the Three-North Project in China. This article systematically summarizes the domestic and foreign research results on the natural regeneration of both Mongolian Scots pine and its original species, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and analyzes the effects and principles of key factors such as seed tree characteristics, habitat characteristics and natural interference that affect the natural regeneration process. Based on the comparison with the natural forest regeneration process, the five key stages of natural regeneration of Mongolian Scots pine plantations are divided, and the mechanism by which abiotic factors and biotic factors at each stage jointly affect the natural regeneration process are clarified. Finally, in response to changing the underground, surface, and above ground environmental conditions of forest land, three measures, including soil preparation, surface burning, and umbrella protection, are respectively proposed to regulate the progress of natural regeneration through artificial intervention. The study provides a new perspective for promoting the generational renewal of the Mongolian Scots pine plantations in the Three-North Project of China.

Key words: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, plantation, natural regeneration, drought, artificial promotion

中图分类号:

S754.5

党宏忠,陈帅,钟鹏,韩辉,张日升,张学利,石长春. 樟子松人工林自然更新过程中断的机制及可能调控途径[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(12): 158-167.

Hongzhong Dang,Shuai Chen,Peng Zhong,Hui Han,Risheng Zhang,Xueli Zhang,Changchun Shi. Mechanism and Possible Regulatory Approaches of Interruption in the Natural Regeneration Process of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Plantations in China[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(12): 158-167.

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樟子松人工林自然更新过程中断的机制及可能调控途径

Mechanism and Possible Regulatory Approaches of Interruption in the Natural Regeneration Process of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Plantations in China

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