大兴安岭地区森林火险变化及FWI适用性评估

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20100521

林业科学 ›› 2010, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 127-132.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20100521

大兴安岭地区森林火险变化及FWI适用性评估

田晓瑞¹,Douglas J. McRae²,Jin Jizhong²,舒立福¹,赵凤君¹,王明玉¹

1.中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所国家林业局森林保护学重点实验室北京100091；2.Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service Ontario P6A2E5

收稿日期:2008-10-13 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2010-05-25 发布日期:2010-05-25

Changes of Forest Fire Danger and the Evaluation of the FWI System Application in the Daxing’anling Region

Tian Xiaorui¹;Douglas J. McRae²;Jin Jizhong²;Shu Lifu¹;Zhao Fengjun¹;Wang Mingyu¹

1.Key Open Laboratory of Forest Protection of State Forestry Administration Research Institute of Forest Ecology,Environment and Protection,CAF Beijing 100091;2.Natural Resources Canada,Canadian Forest Service Ontario P6A2E5

Received:2008-10-13 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2010-05-25 Published:2010-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据研究区内及附件气象站每日气温、相对湿度、24小时降水和风速计算1987-2006年大兴安岭每日的加拿大林火天气指数系统（FWI）各组分值。利用空间插值方法，获得1987-2006年所有森林火灾发生日的FWI系统各组分值。大兴安岭林区森林火灾主要发生在落叶针叶林（61.3%）、草地（23.9%）和落叶阔叶林（8.0%），主要火源是雷击火（占57.1%）。4-6月份森林火灾发生时的FWI、FFMC和ISI平均值高。根据1987—2006年FWI组分指数的分布和火发生情况，对森林火险指数进行了分级，低、中、高、很高和极高火险的FWI取值范围分别为 0～2.5，2.6～10.0，10.1～18.0，18.1～31.0，≥31.1。FWI对大兴安岭地区森林火险有显著的指示意义，FFMC和ISI对预测火灾的发生与蔓延有较好的指示作用。1987-2001年每年明显有春季和秋季2个火险期，但2002-2006年火险期显著延长。春季火险严重度指数（SSR）波动幅度比较大，夏季SSR和春季SSR有相反的波动趋势，2000-2006年秋季火险严重度明显升高。

关键词: 加拿大林火天气指标系统, 大兴安岭, 森林火险

Abstract:

Fire danger rating systems are a crucial tool in modern forest fire management decisionmaking.This paper calculated the fuel moisture codes and fire behavior indices for Daxinganling region based on the local fire weather data used to assess forest fire danger during the 1987-2006 fire seasons.Maps of all The Canadian Forest Fire Weather Indexes (FWI) System values were created for days when fires occurred by using interpolation methodology to obtain FWI values for each fire site.Fire distributions on spatial and temporal were analyzed.The results showed that the forest fires in the Daxing’anling region occured mainly in deciduous coniferous forest (61.3%),grass (23.9%) and deciduous broad-leaved forest (8.0%).lightning was a main resource to light the fires for Daxing’anling region,accounting for 57.1% of the total fires.Most fires occured from April to June with high fire danger weather,such as high values of FWI,fine fuel moisture codes (FFMC) and initial spread index (ISI).The FWI classes of fire danger (i.e.,low to extreme) were reassessed for conditions found in China based on the comparison of the values found on fires.FWI ranges for low,moderate,high,very high,and extreme high fire danger classes were assigned as follows:0-2.5，2.6-10.0，10.1-18.0，18.1-31.0 and ≥31.1,respectively.The FWI System reflects the regional fire danger and can be effectively used in wildfire management.In 1987-2002 there were two fires seasons in spring and autumn respectively.However,the fire period merged into one continunous season from the spring to autumn in 2002-2006,probably due to the impact of climate change.Spring seasonal severity rating (SSR) showed a great fluctuation in 1987-2006,and summer SSR had an opposite trend of fluctuation to spring SSR.Monthly severity rating of October increased significantly from 2000 to 2006.

Key words: Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System, Daxing'anling Region, forest fire danger

田晓瑞;Douglas J. McRae;Jin Jizhong;舒立福;赵凤君;王明玉. 大兴安岭地区森林火险变化及FWI适用性评估[J]. 林业科学, 2010, 46(5): 127-132.

Tian Xiaorui;Douglas J. McRae;Jin Jizhong;Shu Lifu;Zhao Fengjun;Wang Mingyu. Changes of Forest Fire Danger and the Evaluation of the FWI System Application in the Daxing’anling Region[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2010, 46(5): 127-132.

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大兴安岭地区森林火险变化及FWI适用性评估

Changes of Forest Fire Danger and the Evaluation of the FWI System Application in the Daxing’anling Region

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