重庆缙云山马尾松和润楠径向生长的酸雨响应

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探究南方典型酸雨区树木生长的酸雨响应，为明晰酸雨对森林生态系统的影响提供科学依据。方法: 以重庆缙云山优势树种马尾松和润楠为研究对象，采用树轮气候学方法，分别采集马尾松40株和润楠35株建立树轮宽度年表，计算胸径断面积增长量，分析马尾松和润楠的生长趋势及其对酸雨因子的响应。结果: 1）马尾松和润楠标准年表的样本总体代表性分别为0.942和0.869，马尾松标准年表的样本总体代表性、平均敏感度、一阶自相关和第一主成分解释量均大于润楠；2） 1961—2020年马尾松和润楠生长均曾受酸雨抑制，其中马尾松生长受抑制时间长于润楠，但均在2010年后出现生长恢复；3）缙云山酸雨类型从硫酸型过渡到硫酸-硝酸混合型，平均气温和降水量不是近20年树木生长的主要限制因子；马尾松和润楠径向生长与降雨pH呈显著正相关（P<0.05），与降雨中SO₄^2?浓度呈显著负相关（P<0.05）；润楠径向生长与降雨中NO₃^?浓度呈显著负相关（P<0.05），马尾松径向生长与降雨中NH₄⁺浓度呈显著负相关（P<0.05）；4）多元线性逐步回归模型表明，年尺度的降雨SO₄^2?浓度和NO₃^?浓度分别对马尾松和润楠径向生长有极显著负面影响（P<0.01），分别可解释65.5%和29.5%的生长变异。结论: 酸雨中SO₄^2?和NO₃^?浓度是缙云山地区树木生长的主要限制因子，利用树轮研究酸雨对树木生长的影响具有很大潜力。

关键词: 酸雨, 马尾松, 润楠, 树轮, 硫酸根, 生长抑制

Abstract:

Objective: Acid rain caused by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions harms the growth of trees in southern China, it is imperative to elucidate the long-term effects of acid rain in these southern acid rain areas on the radial expansion of various tree species. Method: In this study, Pinus massoniana and Machilus nanmu, the dominant tree species in Jinyun Mountain, were investigated with tree ring climatology 40 and 35 cores of Pinus massoniana and Machilus nanmu were collected respectively. The chronology of tree whorl width was established. And calculate the basal area lncrement. The chronology of tree ring width was established, and the increase of DBH cross-sectional area was calculated. The changes of tree growth and the response relationship between tree growth and acid rain factors in recent 20 years were analyzed. Result: 1) The overall representativeness of Pinus massoniana and Machilus nanmu standard chronology samples are 0.942 and 0.869 respectively. The overall representativeness, average sensitivity, first-order autocorrelation and interpretation of the first principal component of Pinus massoniana standard chronology are larger than those of Machilus nanmu. 2) Between 1961 and 2020, both Pinus massoniana and Machilus nanmu experienced growth inhibition, and the growth inhibition time of Pinus massoniana was longer than that of Machilus nanmu, but they all recovered after 2010. 3) The type of acid rain in the Jinyun Mountain gradually changed from sulfuric acid type to mixed sulfuric acid-nitric acid rain. Average temperature and precipitation are not the main limiting factors of tree growth in Jinyun Mountain in the past 20 years. The radial growth of Pinus massoniana and Machilus nanmu was significantly positively correlated with rainfall pH (P<0.05), significantly negatively correlated with rainfall SO₄^2? (P<0.05). Rainfall NO₃^? was significantly negatively correlated with the radial growth of Machilus nanmu (P<0.05), and rainfall NH₄⁺ was significantly negatively correlated with the radial growth of Pinus massoniana (P<0.05). 4) Multiple linear regression model shows that annual-scale rainfall SO₄^2? concentration and NO₃^? concentration had highly significant negative effects (P<0.01) on radial growth of Sargasso pine and Runner's briar, respectively, explaining 65.5% and 29.5% of the growth variance, respectively. which is the main limiting factor of tree growth in Jinyun Mountain. Conclusion: Acid rain SO₄^2? and NO₃^? are the main limiting factors for tree growth in the Jinyun Mountain area. There is great potential to use tree rings to study the effects of acid rain on tree growth.

Key words: acid rain, Pinus massoniana, Machilus nanmu, tree rings, sulfate, growth inhibition

中图分类号:

P467

郑永林,王云琦,徐晓晓,王玉杰,李耀明. 重庆缙云山马尾松和润楠径向生长的酸雨响应[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(1): 58-67.

Yonglin Zheng,Yunqi Wang,Xiaoxiao Xu,Yujie Wang,Yaoming Li. The Acid Rain Response of Radial Growth of Pinus massoniana and Machilus nanmu in Jinyun Mountains of Chongqing[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(1): 58-67.

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树种 Tree species	树龄 Age/a	胸径 DBH/cm	树高 Tree height/m	数量 Quantity
马尾松 P. massoniana	66.8±5.74	48.85±5.55	15.72±1.48	40
润楠 M. nanmu	59.5±8.21	38.81±6.31	20.33±3.42	35

统计特征 Statistic character	马尾松 P. massoniana	润楠 M. nanmu
序列长度 Time span	1949—2020	1971—2020
平均敏感度 Mean sensitivity	0.157	0.149
标准差 Standard deviation	0.207	0.240
信噪比 Signal-to-noise ration	16.203	8.034
样本总体代表性 Express population signal	0.942	0.889
第一主成分方差解释量 Variance in first eigenvector（%）	34.71	29.40
一阶自相关系数 First order autocorrelation	0.553	0.512

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