林业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (7): 63-72.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220707
李敏,赵熙州,王好运,卢中科,丁贵杰*
收稿日期:
2021-06-27
出版日期:
2022-07-25
发布日期:
2022-11-03
通讯作者:
丁贵杰
基金资助:
Min Li,Xizhou Zhao,Haoyun Wang,Zhongke Lu,Guijie Ding*
Received:
2021-06-27
Online:
2022-07-25
Published:
2022-11-03
Contact:
Guijie Ding
摘要:
目的: 探究干旱胁迫下接种不同外生菌根真菌对马尾松幼苗根系生长、形态、根系分泌物及根际土壤酶活性的影响,为阐明不同外生菌根菌促生抗逆的策略提供参考。方法: 采用棚内盆栽试验,分析正常浇水和干旱胁迫条件下,接种橙黄硬皮马勃(Sc)、琥珀乳牛肝菌(Sp)和未接菌(CK)马尾松幼苗的地上和地下生长、根系分泌物及根际土壤酶活性差异。结果: 1) 干旱胁迫抑制马尾松生长和根系活力,但接种Sc和Sp均能促进马尾松幼苗生长、生物量积累和根系活力,改善根系形态,以接种Sc效果更佳。2) 在根系分泌物中共检测出酸类、酮类、萜类、酯类、醇类和醛类6大类有机物质,共28种化合物。分泌物组成和相对含量受接菌和干旱胁迫调控,其中,接种Sc和Sp分别使分泌物种类增加和降低;无论是否接菌,分泌物种类均在干旱胁迫下增加;各类分泌物相对含量对干旱和接菌处理响应明显且存在差异,变化幅度和方向与分泌物种类有关;接种菌根菌能改变干旱胁迫下各类分泌物相对含量的变化,主要表现在抑制萜类相对含量、增加醛类相对含量,同时,酸类物质相对含量下降程度更大。菌根菌对同一组分不同化合物相对含量也有显著影响。3) 马尾松幼苗接种Sp后通过提高根际土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶促进植物生长,抵御干旱胁迫;接种Sc后通过维持较高的酸性磷酸酶和脲酶活性抵御干旱胁迫。结论: 马尾松幼苗接种Sp和Sc通过改善根系形态、提高根系活力和维持较高的土壤酶活性等方式促进生长和缓解干旱胁迫,以接种Sc缓解干旱胁迫的效果最佳。不同菌根菌接种处理后根系性状及其在干旱胁迫下的变化复杂且存在差异。
中图分类号:
李敏, 赵熙州, 王好运, 卢中科, 丁贵杰. 干旱胁迫及外生菌根菌对马尾松幼苗根系形态及分泌物的影响[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(7): 63-72.
Min Li, Xizhou Zhao, Haoyun Wang, Zhongke Lu, Guijie Ding. Effects of Drought Stress and Ectomycorrhizal Fungi on the Root Morphology and Exudates of Pinus massoniana Seedlings[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(7): 63-72.
表1
不同接菌处理马尾松幼苗在不同水分条件下生长变化①"
处理 Treatments | 苗高净增长量 Growth of height/cm | 地径净增长量 Growth of stem diameter/mm | 根生物量 Dry weight of root/(g·plant-1) | 地上生物量 Dry biomass of aboveground/ (g·plant-1) | 总生物量 Dry biomass/(g·plant-1) | 根冠比 Root aboveground ratios | 侵染率 Infection rate (%) |
CKW | 5.13±0.18b | 1.54±0.02b | 0.7±0.05Ab | 4.24±0.43Ab | 4.95±0.94Ab | 0.17±0.02 | 3.17±0.65e |
CKD | 1.93±0.07d | 0.5±0.01d | 0.33±0.04Bb | 1.67±0.14Bb | 2.00±0.38Bb | 0.20±0.02 | 1.07±0.12e |
SpW | 5.63±0.14a | 1.65±0.01a | 1.26±0.12Aa | 5.57±0.66Aa | 6.83±1.54Aa | 0.23±0.01 | 63.98±1.72b |
SpD | 2.13±0.09d | 0.53±0.02d | 0.57±0.08Bab | 2.57±0.60Bab | 3.15±0.63Bab | 0.25±0.08 | 41.39±1.70d |
ScW | 5.67±0.24a | 1.67±0.01a | 1.49±0.21Aa | 6.50±0.98Aa | 7.99±1.07Aa | 0.24±0.04 | 68.52±1.60a |
ScD | 3.17±0.39c | 0.64±0.02c | 0.72±0.13Ba | 3.10±0.42Ba | 3.82±0.44Ba | 0.25±0.06 | 49.26±0.91c |
接菌ECM | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.228 | < 0.001 |
干旱Drought(D) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.56 | < 0.001 |
ECM×D | < 0.001 | 0.041 | 0.232 | 0.744 | 0.579 | 0.97 | < 0.001 |
表2
不同处理下根系生长差异"
处理 Treatments | 根长 Length/cm | 根表面积 Surfale area/cm2 | 平均直径 Avgrage diam/mm | 根体积 Root volume/cm3 | 根尖数 Tips | 分支数 Forks |
CKW | 697.92±12.54b | 105.23±4.87b | 2.23±0.08d | 1.60±0.06c | 6 626.75±466.16c | 12 614.00±353.02c |
CKD | 232.86±18.60cd | 56.80±3.23c | 4.23±0.34c | 0.81±0.08d | 2 168.33±205.85e | 6 643.33±367.73c |
SpW | 1454.13±78.76a | 252.68±16.82a | 7.36±0.61b | 3.62±0.17b | 14 155.33±485.14b | 36 551.00±1 031.20b |
SpD | 248.91±30.44d | 52.65±7.45c | 1.22±0.11e | 0.90±0.07d | 5 789.33±283.58cd | 10 349.00±610.07c |
ScW | 1456.40±116.87a | 251.00±15.92a | 7.77±0.28b | 5.16±0.21a | 27 409.33±2 303.59a | 73 145.33±4 766.79a |
ScD | 490.67±17.46c | 89.57±2.18b | 10.06±0.29a | 1.69±0.14c | 2 991.67±234.52e | 8 395.67±327.10c |
接菌ECM | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.033 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
干旱Drought(D) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
ECM×D | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
表3
根系分泌物组成情况①"
类别 Category | 种类数Number of kind | |||||||
CK | Sc | Sp | ||||||
浇水Watering | 干旱Drought | 浇水Watering | 干旱Drought | 浇水Watering | 干旱Drought | |||
萜类Terpenoids | 3.65(3) | 4.22(3) | 2.14(3) | 1.40(2) | 5.80(2) | 2.16(2) | ||
酯类Esters | 1.32(2) | 0.54(2) | 1.15(2) | 1.06(2) | 0 | 0.56(1) | ||
醛类Aldehyde | 3.25(4) | 2.47(4) | 1.91(4) | 1.97(4) | 1.42(4) | 3.11(4) | ||
酸类Acids | 86.55(14) | 85.37(15) | 88.26(15) | 84.99(15) | 86.04(14) | 77.67(13) | ||
酮类Ketones | 0.47(1) | 0.56(1) | 0.20(1) | 0.57(1) | 0.78(1) | 1.13(1) | ||
醇类Alcohol | 0.85(1) | 0.71(1) | 0.60(1) | 0.65(1) | 0 | 0 | ||
其他Other | 3.91(3) | 6.12(4) | 5.73(4) | 9.35(6) | 5.96(4) | 15.37(6) | ||
小计(种)Total(Species) | 28 | 30 | 30 | 31 | 25 | 27 |
表4
不同处理中根系分泌物化学组分相对含量"
类别 Category | 物质名称 Name of substances | 分子式 Molecular formula | 分子量 Molecular weight | 相对含量Relative content (%) | |||||||
CK | Sc | Sp | |||||||||
浇水 Watering | 干旱 Drought | 浇水 Watering | 干旱 Drought | 浇水 Watering | 干旱 Drought | ||||||
萜类Terpenoids | 柠檬烯Limonene | C10H16 | 136 | 0.32 | 0.119 | 0.095 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
β-水芹烯β-Phellandrene | C10H16 | 136 | 0.64 | 0.45 | 0.34 | 0.45 | 0.58 | 0.62 | |||
长叶烯Longifolene | C15H24 | 204 | 2.69 | 3.65 | 1.71 | 0.95 | 5.22 | 1.55 | |||
酯类Esters | 丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate | C11H20O2 | 184 | 0.62 | 0.22 | 0.94 | 0.73 | 0 | 0 | ||
癸酸甲酯Methyl caprate | C11H22O2 | 186 | 0.69 | 0.32 | 0.21 | 0.33 | 0 | 0.56 | |||
醛类Aldehyde | 安息香醛Benzaldehyde | C7H6O | 106 | 1.74 | 0.93 | 0.62 | 0.70 | 0.20 | 0.88 | ||
5-甲基糠醛 5-methyl-2- furancarboxaldehyde | C6H6O2 | 110 | 0.23 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.22 | |||
3, 5-二甲基苯甲醛 3, 5-dimethyl-benzaldehyde | C9H10O | 134 | 0.79 | 0.39 | 0.79 | 0.56 | 0.48 | 0.40 | |||
香草醛Vanillin | C8H8O3 | 152 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 0.43 | 0.61 | 0.59 | 1.61 | |||
酸类Acids | 丙酸Propanoic acid | C3H6O2 | 74 | 1.70 | 1.14 | 0.20 | 0.31 | 0.03 | 0.19 | ||
2- 甲基丙酸 2-methyl-propanoic acid | C4H8O2 | 88 | 0.36 | 0.57 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0 | 0 | |||
丁酸Butanoic acid | C4H8O2 | 88 | 0.56 | 0.09 | 0.76 | 0.83 | 0.30 | 0.28 | |||
3-甲基丁酸 3-Methyl-butanoic acid | C5H10O2 | 102 | 0.82 | 1.18 | 0.59 | 0.32 | 0 | 0.47 | |||
丁烯酸Isocrotonic acid | C4H6O2 | 86 | 0.76 | 1.91 | 0.72 | 1.65 | 0.68 | 1.87 | |||
辛酸Octanoic acid | C8H16O2 | 144 | 0 | 0.29 | 0 | 0 | 0.59 | 0 | |||
壬酸Nonanoic acid | C9H18O2 | 158 | 0.19 | 0.28 | 0.37 | 0.19 | 0.50 | 0.40 | |||
(E)-2-辛烯酸 (E)-2-octenoic acid | C8H14O2 | 142 | 0 | 0 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0 | 0 | |||
正癸酸n-Decanoic acid | C10H20O2 | 172 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.47 | 0 | |||
苯甲酸Benzoic acid | C7H6O2 | 122 | 0.43 | 0.50 | 0.49 | 0.55 | 0.76 | 0.72 | |||
月桂酸Dodecanoic acid | C12H24O2 | 200 | 0.78 | 0.67 | 0.47 | 0.77 | 1.24 | 0.81 | |||
苯乙酸Benzeneacetic acid | C8H8O2 | 136 | 1.35 | 5.79 | 1.27 | 4.13 | 2.04 | 5.99 | |||
十四烷酸Tetradecanoic acid | C14H28O2 | 228 | 1.30 | 2.05 | 2.97 | 3.30 | 9.25 | 12.30 | |||
十五烷酸Pentadecanoic acid | C15H30O2 | 242 | 1.11 | 1.20 | 2.63 | 2.17 | 3.16 | 4.65 | |||
十六烷酸n-hexadecanoic acid | C16H32O2 | 256 | 49.82 | 40.75 | 45.98 | 40.04 | 36.85 | 26.66 | |||
硬脂酸Octadecanoic acid | C18H36O2 | 284 | 25.40 | 23.70 | 26.16 | 24.30 | 20.12 | 14.92 | |||
油酸Oleic acid | C18H34O2 | 282 | 1.97 | 5.25 | 5.52 | 6.19 | 10.07 | 8.40 | |||
醇类Alcohol | 苯甲醇Benzyl alcohol | C7H8O | 108 | 0.85 | 0.71 | 0.60 | 0.65 | 0 | 0 | ||
酮类Ketones | 六氢法尼基丙酮 Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone | C18H36O | 268 | 0.47 | 0.56 | 0.20 | 0.57 | 0.78 | 1.13 |
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