闽楠群体遗传结构分析与核心种质库构建

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20230138

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 基于SSR分子标记技术研究珍稀濒危保护树种闽楠群体的遗传结构，构建核心种质资源库，为种质资源的科学管理、有效保护和高效利用提供理论依据。方法: 利用33对多态性SSR引物，分析来自福建、江西、湖南、浙江、广西5省（区）27个种源地218个闽楠家系425份种质资源群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构。应用DateTrans1.0联合Popgene32软件计算观测等位基因数(N_a)、有效等位基因数(N_e)、观测杂合度(H_o)、期望杂合度(H_e)、Shannon信息指数(I) 和Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)；运用STRUCTURE 2.3.4软件对9个闽楠群体进行遗传类群划分。采用最小距离逐步取样法构建核心种质库，通过对相关遗传参数的t检验验证核心种质库的有效性。结果: 依据种质来源地的地理分布，218个家系可分成9个群体；种质资源群体的平均有效等位基因数(N_e)、观测杂合度(H_o)、期望杂合度(H_e)均值、Shannon信息指数(I)分别为2.159、0.224、0.477和0.841，表明闽楠种质资源群体具较高遗传多样性；群体遗传结构分析表明，9个群体可划分为3个亚群；425份原始种质经最小距离逐步聚类取样得到85份核心种质和340份保留种质，核心种质占原始种质的20%，其N_a、N_e、H_o、H_e、I和H保留率分别为92.318%、103.803%、116.652%、105.052%、103.341%和104.664%。t检验表明核心种质和原始种质的遗传多样性参数无显著差异，能充分代表原始种质的遗传多样性。结论: 构建的核心种质库在保留原始种质库遗传多样性的基础上，去除遗传冗余，有利于闽楠种质资源的有效保护和科学利用，为进一步育种工作奠定基础。

关键词: 闽楠, 群体结构, SSR分子标记, 遗传多样性, 核心种质库

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to provide a theoretical basis for scientific management, effective protection and efficient utilization of germplasm resources, by investigating population structure of collection germplasm resources of Phoebe bournei with SSR markers, and constructing a core collection of the germplasm resources. Method: A total of 33 pairs of SSR primers were used to investigate the genetic diversity and genetic structure of 425 individual trees of P. bournei belonging to 218 subfamilies collected from 27 provenances of five provinces (autonomous region), including Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang, and Guangxi. Genetic diversity parameters such as number of observed alleles (N_a), effective number of alleles (N_e), observed heterozygosity (H_o), Shannon’s information index (I), Nei’s diversity index (H) were calculated by combined DateTrans1.0 and Popgene32 software. The genetic structure of nine populations was analyzed using STRUCTURE 2.3.4 software. The core collection was constructed by using the method of grouping and stepwise clustering with the minimum distance. The genetic diversity parameters were examined by t-test, to verify the validity of the core collection for P. bournei. Result: According to the geographical distribution of germplasm sources, 218 families can be divided into 9 populations. A total of 130 alleles were detected at 33 SSR loci, and the average number of effective alleles (N_e) was 2.159, the average observed heterozygosity (H_o) was 0.224, the average expected heterozygosity (H_e) was 0.477, and the Shannon information index (I) average value was 0.841, indicating that there was the moderate genetic diversity in the germplasm resources of P. bournei. Genetic structure analysis classified nine populations into three groups. From the 425 original germplasm resources of P. bournei, 85 core germplasms and 340 reserved germplasms were obtained through stepwise cluster sampling. The core germplasms accounted for 20% of the original germplasms, and the retention rates of its N_a, N_e, H_o, H_e, I, and H were 92.318%, 103.803%, 116.652%, 105.052%, 103.341%, and 104.664%, respectively. The t-test analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the genetic diversity parameters between the core germplasm and the original germplasm, indicating that the core germplasm was able to fully represent the genetic diversity of the original germplasm. Conclusion: The core germplasm collection preserves the genetic diversity information of the original collection, which removes the genetic redundancy. The results are beneficial to the effective protection and scientific utilization of P. bournei resources and lay a solid foundation for further breeding in P. bournei.

Key words: Phoebe bournei, germplasm resources, SSR markers, genetic diversity, core collection

中图分类号:

S722.8

张俊红,王洋,周生财,吴小林,吴仁超,杨琪,张毓婷,童再康. 闽楠群体遗传结构分析与核心种质库构建[J]. 林业科学, 2024, 60(1): 68-79.

Junhong Zhang,Yang Wang,Shengcai Zhou,Xiaolin Wu,Renchao Wu,Qi Yang,Yuting Zhang,Zaikang Tong. Genetic Structure Analysis and Core Germplasm Collection Construction of Phoebe bournei Populations[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2024, 60(1): 68-79.

图/表 10

图1

表1

表2

33对SSR引物信息"

引物 Primer	重复基元 Repeat motifs	上游引物 Forward primer sequence (5’-3’)	下游引物 Reverse primer sequence (5’-3’)	预计产物长度 Size/bp
E-MN3	(TGC)6	TTGGTGGTGATAAGGGTGGT	TCAAAGGAAGAAAGCGCAAG	154
E-MN7	(CAA)5	GTAGGGAAGGTGTTGCTGGT	TCTCAAATGCAGATGCCGTA	203
E-MN8	(GTT)6	TTTCCACCACCCAAATTCAT	ATGGTCTCCAAGACGACGAC	217
E-MN11	(ACACAA)4	TAAGCAACGAATCCATGCAA	TCCTTCCATCTGCGTCTTTT	178
E-MN17	(GGCTGG)4	CCATGCGTCTGAGCAGATTA	GGTCCACTGATGCTGGCTAT	241
E-MN19	(TG)7tatc(TATG)5	TGGACATGCACAAACCATCT	GGCAAAGAAAGGCATTGAAG	245
E-MN21	(AAT)6	TCACCAGCCCCATCTTATTC	TGCCAACACTCATCCCATTA	159
E-MN25	(AGTGC)4	ATTCATCGAAGCTGGATTGG	CATCCCATCGTCCCAAATAC	198
E-MN35	(TGT)7	ATCCTCGTCCTCATCCTCCT	GAAATCATCGCAGAAGCACA	250
E-MN46	(ATT)6	TGTCGCGTGTCAAGCACTAT	CCATCTGCAATTCTCGTCAG	225
E-MN47	(AAGGGA)4	TTGTCGGGTCAGACTCAGTG	CTTTCCATTTCCCCCATTCT	154
E-MN54	(TGA)6	CCCCAACATGGTTAGGAAGA	TGTGGAACAGTGGAAGTGGA	189
E-MN58	(TCT)5	CCATCTCTCCACGATCCCTA	TAATTTCAACGAGGGCCAAG	213
E-MN62	(AGA)5	AACAGCGGAAAGAATCAACG	TTTCACTTCGGCTTCGTCTT	229
E-MN66	(GGA)6	CTTGAGGGTTTGTCGTTGGT	TGATGGAGTTTGCTGAGGTG	213
E-MN71	(ACA)5	GGTAAGGCCTCTCCTCTGCT	GTTACTCGGGCGATGACAAT	203
E-MN88	(GCT)5	GCAAACACTCTCCCACCATT	CCCACTCTTGTCTTGCTTCC	202
E-MN89	(GAA)5	GGATCGGAAGGTGAAGATGA	CTCCGAAACGTTCCTATCCA	210
E-MN90	(GAA)5	GAGAACCCATGGTTGGTTTG	TTGCACCCTCGATTCTCTCT	208
G-MN102	(GATAAG)5	TTGCATCGTTGAGGAGCTGT	CAGAGTCGCCAATGTCGTCT	169
G-MN114	(CATT)5	ATGCTGACCGTGGTTCGATT	CATGTGAGCCCATTCCAGGT	208
G-MN120	(CCGGG)5	GGTGTGTCCAAGAGGTGTGT	ACTACCAACCGTGTGCATGT	260
G-MN134	(CATATC)5	TGTGCTGTATTTGGTCGCCT	CGATGGCTGGAACTGTGGAT	256
G-MN140	(TGGTTC)5	TGACCTCGGGAAGACACTCT	ATCTAGTAGGCAGCATGCGC	215
G-MN145	(AAGAGC)6	GAGGGAGCCATCCTTGATCG	TCCCTTGAGGAGACCAGGTT	198
G-MN146	(CCGAA)5	TGCGGTGATGGAGAAAGCAT	TGACAGATCCAAGGCAGCTG	195
G-MN150	(TCA)6	GAGCGATCCAAAGCCAATGC	ACCAAACTGCTCAGGGATCG	211
G-MN157	(AACCG)5	TGAGACCGAAAGCTTGGGAC	ACAACATGCATTTGGTGGGC	242
G-MN161	(GCAC)5	CAGCTCCCACCTCAAAACCT	GCGTCTGACTTGCAACTGTG	227
G-MN168	(ATGAGG)6	GTTGAAGAAGTCGGGGGAGG	GACTCCATTTCGCATTCGGC	165
G-MN174	(CTG)7	ACACCATTACTGCTGCTGCT	AGTACAGCCCATTGTCACCG	207
G-MN186	(CTCCAA)5	GAGCCGCACTTCAACTAGGT	GGAGTGGGAGTTGGAGTTGG	195
G-MN191	(TATCAC)5	GATGGCAGCTTCAACTTGGC	TCCCCAACTAGGTGGGATGT	237

表2

表3

表4

图2

表5

表6

表7

表8

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群体 Population	地理来源 Geographic source	家系 Family	种质数量 Sample size
1 福建北部 Northern Fujian	政和Zhenghe	13, 14, 15, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88	18
	建瓯Jian’ou	10, 29, 30, 31, 32	5
	南平Nanping	124, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208	7
	浦城Pucheng	67, 68, 69	3
	武夷山Wuyishan	2, 89, 90, 91	4
	松溪Songxi	3, 4, 12, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 121, 122, 123	26
2 福建中部 Central Fujian	三明Sanming	5, 6, 7, 196, 197, 198	6
	尤溪Youxi	46	1
	沙县Shaxian	8, 9, 71, 72, 73, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98	12
	泰宁Taining	57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66	10
	将乐Jiangle	47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56	10
	明溪Mingxi	43, 44, 45	3
	永安Yong’an	33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42	10
3 福建南部 Southern Fujian	武平Wuping	199, 200, 201, 202	4
4 广西北部 Northern Guangxi	龙胜Longsheng	21, 22, 229	3
	兴安Xing’an	24, 25, 26, 27, 28	5
	三江Sanjiang	20	1
5 湖南西部 Western Hunan	邵阳Shaoyang	184, 185, 186	3
5 湖南西部 Western Hunan	永州Yongzhou	192, 193, 194, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 228	19
6 湖南东部 Eastern Hunan	炎陵Yanling	181, 182, 183	3
7 江西北部 Northern Jiangxi	上饶Shangrao	168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180	13
8 江西南部 Southern Jiangxi	赣州Ganzhou	156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167	12
	吉安Ji’an	125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155	23
	遂川Suichuan	137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144	8
9 浙江南部 Southern Zhejiang	庆元Qingyuan	191, 225, 226, 227	4
	松阳Songyang	187, 188, 189, 190	4
	泰顺Taishun	209	1

位点 Locus	N_a	N_e	H_o	H_e	I	H	PIC
E-MN3	4.000	2.273	0.351	0.561	0.934	0.560	0.466
E-MN7	3.000	2.417	0.002	0.587	0.986	0.586	0.521
E-MN8	4.000	2.589	0.485	0.614	1.073	0.614	0.535
E-MN11	3.000	1.646	0.181	0.393	0.663	0.392	0.337
E-MN17	3.000	2.142	0.000	0.534	0.821	0.533	0.424
E-MN19	3.000	2.306	0.647	0.567	0.908	0.566	0.470
E-MN21	3.000	2.077	0.000	0.519	0.798	0.519	0.412
E-MN25	4.000	2.980	0.238	0.665	1.202	0.664	0.601
E-MN35	4.000	2.379	0.551	0.580	1.002	0.580	0.510
E-MN46	4.000	2.320	0.320	0.570	0.935	0.569	0.474
E-MN47	4.000	2.234	0.304	0.553	0.905	0.552	0.457
E-MN54	3.000	2.166	0.054	0.539	0.897	0.538	0.466
E-MN58	5.000	2.574	0.454	0.612	1.060	0.612	0.537
E-MN62	3.000	2.950	0.358	0.662	1.090	0.661	0.587
E-MN66	4.000	2.461	0.177	0.594	1.004	0.594	0.523
E-MN71	3.000	2.996	0.424	0.667	1.098	0.666	0.592
E-MN88	3.000	2.633	0.233	0.621	1.029	0.620	0.547
E-MN89	3.000	1.977	0.318	0.495	0.738	0.494	0.385
E-MN90	3.000	2.325	0.332	0.571	0.920	0.570	0.478
G-MN102	4.000	1.329	0.000	0.248	0.543	0.248	0.237
G-MN114	4.000	1.142	0.005	0.124	0.269	0.124	0.118
G-MN120	2.000	1.200	0.000	0.167	0.307	0.167	0.153
G-MN134	10.000	4.677	0.699	0.787	1.774	0.786	0.759
G-MN140	3.000	1.437	0.000	0.305	0.562	0.304	0.275
G-MN145	3.000	1.768	0.285	0.435	0.767	0.434	0.390
G-MN146	4.000	1.643	0.009	0.392	0.765	0.391	0.361
G-MN150	3.000	1.204	0.047	0.170	0.353	0.169	0.160
G-MN157	2.000	1.978	0.000	0.495	0.688	0.494	0.372
G-MN161	3.000	1.191	0.115	0.161	0.347	0.160	0.153
G-MN168	3.000	1.158	0.000	0.136	0.284	0.136	0.129
G-MN174	10.000	1.444	0.268	0.308	0.723	0.307	0.295
G-MN186	9.000	4.090	0.355	0.756	1.623	0.756	0.718
G-MN191	4.000	1.532	0.169	0.348	0.678	0.347	0.319
平均值Mean	3.939	2.159	0.224	0.477	0.841	0.476	0.417

群体Population	N_a	N_e	H_o	H_e	H	I
福建北部 Northern Fujian	3.636	2.049	0.227	0.462	0.460	0.797
福建南部Southern Fujian	2.455	1.968	0.280	0.474	0.444	0.713
福建中部Central Fujian	3.394	1.912	0.233	0.423	0.421	0.723
广西北部Northern Guangxi	2.758	1.830	0.157	0.421	0.409	0.692
湖南东部Eastern Hunan	2.364	1.924	0.263	0.408	0.374	0.623
湖南西部Western Hunan	3.455	2.287	0.248	0.516	0.510	0.892
江西北部Northern Jiangxi	2.242	1.621	0.218	0.313	0.306	0.504
江西南部Southern Jiangxi	2.788	1.957	0.201	0.406	0.404	0.674
浙江南部Southern Zhejiang	3.000	2.155	0.226	0.471	0.458	0.786
平均值Mean	2.899	1.967	0.228	0.433	0.421	0.712

取样比例 Sampling ratio	种质数目 Germplasm number	N_a	N_e	H_o	H_e	I	H
50	213	3.849	2.093	0.242	0.461	0.805	0.459
45	191	3.849	2.102	0.245	0.463	0.809	0.461
40	170	3.849	2.123	0.245	0.467	0.818	0.466
35	149	3.849	2.141	0.249	0.475	0.833	0.474
30	128	3.788	2.172	0.247	0.482	0.844	0.480
25	106	3.758	2.198	0.254	0.491	0.858	0.489
20	85	3.636	2.241	0.261	0.501	0.869	0.498
15	64	3.606	2.168	0.268	0.491	0.846	0.487
10	43	3.606	2.204	0.277	0.497	0.857	0.491

群体 Population	N_a	N_e	H_o	H_e	I	H
原始种质Original germplasms	3.939	2.159	0.224	0.477	0.841	0.476
核心种质Core germplasms	3.636	2.241	0.261	0.501	0.869	0.498
保留率Retention rate(%)	92.318	103.803	116.652	105.052	103.341	104.664
保留种质Reserved germplasms	3.909	2.122	0.215	0.465	0.819	0.465
保留率Retention rate(%)	99.241	98.300	95.804	97.568	97.360	97.647