不同生长时期核桃叶片中挥发性有机物的GC-IMS分析

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220209

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 探索不同生长时期核桃叶片中挥发性有机物特征，明确核桃叶片的挥发性成分；比较不同时期核桃叶片中挥发性成分差异，构建不同生长时期核桃叶片的挥发性有机物气味指纹图谱，为开展核桃种质资源叶片利用提供参考依据。方法: 采用气相色谱?离子迁移谱法（GC-IMS）对4个不同生长时期（5、6、7和8月）8个核桃品种叶片的挥发性物质成分进行检测；利用GC-IMS二维谱图、指纹图谱结合主成分分析（PCA）比较不同生长时期核桃叶片的挥发性成分差异。结果: GC-IMS对4个生长时期8个核桃品种叶片共检测出102种挥发性成分，包括萜烯类12种、酯类30种、醛类24种、醇类19种、酮类9种、其他类8种，其中32种挥发性物质是4个生长时期核桃叶片共同检测到的组分，包括芳香醇、壬醛、桉叶油醇、桉叶油醇二聚体、正己酸乙酯、正己酸乙酯二聚体、乙酸戊酯、正乙醇、2-已烯醛、正己醛、庚醛、异丁酸乙酯、丙酸乙酯、2-甲基丁醛、异戊醛、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、异戊酸乙酯、3-甲基-1-戊醇、1-戊醇、丁酸己酯、丁酸丙酯。核桃叶片生长程度对其挥发性组分影响很大，‘温185’、‘新新2’、‘纸皮’、‘美国红核桃’、和‘紫金’核桃的挥发性物质总含量5—8月呈先增长后下降的趋势，6月挥发物质含量达到最高；‘山核桃’、‘美国东部黑核桃’和‘小果黑核桃’的挥发性物质总含量5—7月呈上升趋势，7—8月呈下降趋势，7月挥发性物质含量达到最高。不同生长时期核桃叶片挥发性物质种类和含量变化明显，部分挥发性物质随核桃叶片生长逐步减少。结论: 不同生长时期核桃叶片挥发性成分在物质种类上差异较小，但相对含量存在较大差异，其中萜烯类和酯类物质随核桃叶片生长发育先增加后减少，醇类物质随生长时期变化先降低后升高。

关键词: 气相色谱-离子迁移谱技术, 指纹图谱, 挥发性物质, 核桃叶片

Abstract:

Objective: This study aims to explore the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the leaves of different walnut cultivars at different growth stages, clarify the VOCs components and compare the variation in the VOCs components at different growth stages to establish the odor fingerprints of volatile organic compounds in walnut leaves at different development stages, so as to provide reference for the utilization of walnut leaf germplasm resources. Method: Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) was used to detect the volatile components in the leaves of 8 walnut varieties at 4 different growth stages (May, June, July and August). Two-dimensional GC-IMS spectrum, fingerprint and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to compare the volatile components of walnut leaves at different growth stages. Result: A total of 102 volatile components were detected by GC-IMS in the leaves of 8 walnut varieties at 4 growth stages, including 12 terpenes, 30 esters, 24 aldehydes, 19 alcohols, 9 ketones and 8 others. Among them, 32 volatile substances were detected in walnut leaves in May, June, July and August, including aromatic alcohols, nonanal, cineolol, cineolol dimer, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl hexanoate dimer, amyl acetate, ethanol, 2-hexenal, hexanal, heptanal, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl propionate, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, ethyl acetate, ethanol, ethyl isovalerate, 3-methyl-1-pentanol, 1-pentanol, hexyl butyrate and propyl butyrate. The developmental degree of walnut leaves had a great effect on its volatile components. The total content of volatile compounds in Juglansregia‘Wen185’, J. regia‘Xinxin2’, J. regia‘Zhipi’, J. regia‘Robert Liver-more’ and J. regia‘Zijin’ first increased and then decreased from May to August, and reached the highest in June. The total content of volatile compounds in Carya cathayensis, J. nigra and J. microcarpa had an upward trend from May to July, and then a downward trend from July to August with the highest in July. The types and contents of volatile substances in walnut leaves changed obviously at different growth stages and some volatile substances decreased gradually with the development of walnut leaves. Conclusion: There is a little difference in the species of volatile components in walnut leaves at different growth periods, but the relative content is very different. Terpenes and esters first increase and then decrease with the development of walnut leaves, while alcohols first decrease and then increase with the change of growth period. The research results can provide reference for utilizing walnut leaf germplasm resources.

Key words: gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), fingerprint, volatile substances, walnut leaves

中图分类号:

S718.43

王茹,罗莎莎,王如月,杨梦思,孙雅丽,虎海防,张萍. 不同生长时期核桃叶片中挥发性有机物的GC-IMS分析[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(6): 57-73.

Ru Wang,Shasha Luo,Ruyue Wang,Mengsi Yang,Yali Sun,Haifang Hu,Ping Zhang. Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Walnut Leaves at Different Growth Stages with GC-IMS[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(6): 57-73.

图/表 12

图1

表1

不同生长时期核桃叶片挥发性成分及其相对质量分数①"

序号Count	化合物 Compound	保留时间 Retention time/s	迁移时间 Drift time/ ms	相对含量 Relative amount（n=3）（%）
序号Count	化合物 Compound	保留时间 Retention time/s	迁移时间 Drift time/ ms	5月 May	6月June	7月July	8月August
1	石竹烯Trans-caryophyllene-M	1795.094	1.430	1.41	—	—	1.99
2	香叶醇Geraniol	1217.889	1.217	0.34	—	—	0.42
3	甲基麦芽酚Maltol	836.243	1.210	0.51	0.24	0.72	0.60
4	芳香醇Linalool	778.083	1.221	0.32	0.36	0.41	0.44
5	壬醛n-nonanal	786.959	1.477	0.34	0.37	0.29	0.62
6	罗勒烯Beta-ocimene-M	688.495	1.215	1.78	2.63	1.01	2.36
7	柠檬烯Limonene-M	649.920	1.217	1.65	0.97	1.69	1.93
8	桉叶油醇1,8-cineole-M	659.564	1.299	8.05	4.11	0.31	5.62
9	桉叶油醇二聚体1,8-cineole-D	659.921	1.727	1.68	1.88	5.36	1.62
10	正己酸乙酯Ethyl hexanoate-M	603.843	1.342	0.67	1.24	0.39	0.90
11	正己酸乙酯二聚体Ethyl hexanoate-D	602.414	1.798	0.08	0.80	0.39	0.13
12	甲基庚烯酮6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one	570.268	1.178	0.55	0.21	0.44	0.35
13	β-蒎烯Beta-pinene-M	538.093	1.221	7.74	3.71	0.72	8.41
14	水芹烯alpha-phellandrene	601.252	1.221	0.48	0.16	0.16	0.40
15	二甲基硫Dimethyl sulfide	124.134	0.959	0.09	0.04	0.3	0.39
16	α-蒎烯Alpha-pinene-M	458.012	1.219	3.91	2.35	1.26	3.95
17	乙酸戊酯Amyl acetate-M	428.905	1.315	0.72	0.43	0.42	1.06
18	乙酸戊酯二聚体Amyl acetate-D	426.622	1.761	0.30	—	—	0.67
19	正乙醇1-hexanol-M	370.690	1.329	1.63	0.73	1.27	1.53
20	正乙醇二聚体1-exanol-D	366.124	1.644	0.95	—	—	0.90
21	2-已烯醛(E)-2-hexenal	337.017	1.520	3.22	6.67	0.56	5.62
22	正己醛Hexanal-M	274.237	1.257	0.36	3.05	0.17	1.08
23	正己醛二聚体Hexanal-D	275.378	1.563	0.54	—	—	1.95
24	叶醇(Z)-3-hexen-1-ol	353.568	1.505	1.64	—	—	2.74
25	反式-3-己烯-1-醇(E)-3-hexen-1-ol	352.427	1.534	1.87	—	—	3.33
26	庚醛Heptanal	401.612	1.695	0.04	2.31	0.15	0.06
27	丁酸乙酯Ethyl butanoate	276.841	1.203	0.23	—	—	0.27
28	异丁酸乙酯Ethyl 2-methylpropanoate-M	237.856	1.193	0.09	0.16	1.17	0.18
29	异丁酸乙酯二聚体Ethyl 2-methylpropanoate-D	237.856	1.563	0.09	—	—	0.07
30	丙酸乙酯Ethyl propanoate-M	203.094	1.146	0.08	0.79	0.54	0.16
31	丙酸乙酯二聚体Ethyl propanoate-D	202.270	1.453	0.28	—	—	0.57
32	2-甲基丁醛2-methylbutanal	174.880	1.398	4.73	0.93	4.15	4.80
33	异戊醛3-methylbutanal	169.526	1.405	3.15	0.70	1.15	3.31
34	乙酸乙酯Ethyl Acetate	151.197	1.334	11.25	9.90	0.50	6.39
35	丙酮Acetone	118.041	1.114	4.21	1.92	2.82	3.90
36	乙醇Ethanol	109.804	1.130	8.91	5.60	3.19	8.27
37	异戊酸乙酯Ethyl 3-methylbutanoate	335.645	1.654	1.32	0.47	0.85	1.18
38	DL-2-甲基-1-丁醇2-methylbutanol	221.698	1.480	1.28	—	—	0.42
39	戊醇3-methylbutanol	220.772	1.493	1.14	—	—	0.31
40	2-丁酮Ethyl methyl ketone	144.053	1.244	3.28	0.86	9.25	1.75
41	正丙醇Propanol	132.277	1.255	0.37	—	—	0.47
42	反式-2-戊烯醛Trans-2-pentenal-M	234.789	1.106	0.22	—	—	0.52
43	反式-2-戊烯醛二聚体Trans-2-pentenal-D	235.075	1.362	1.94	—	—	1.38
44	3-戊酮3-pentanone-M3-戊酮	192.759	1.110	0.28	—	—	0.50
45	3-戊酮二聚体3-pentanone-D	192.951	1.354	5.44	—	—	5.67
46	乙偶姻Acetoin	205.489	1.331	2.64	—	—	1.75
47	异丁醛Methylpropanal	132.058	1.283	1.45	—	—	2.59
48	3-甲基-1-戊醇3-Methyl-1-pentanol	333.755	1.608	2.52	2.35	1.84	3.50
49	乙酸异戊酯3-Methylbutyl acetate-M	372.929	1.297	0.25	—	—	0.19
50	乙酸异戊酯二聚体3-Methylbutyl acetate-D	370.578	1.739	0.42	—	—	0.28
51	1-戊醇1-pentanol-M	245.985	1.253	0.14	0.37	0.13	0.14
52	1-戊醇二聚体1-pentanol-D	245.034	1.510	0.16	—	—	0.09
53	异丁醇2-Methylpropanol-M	157.844	1.169	0.33	—	—	0.43
54	异丁醇二聚体2-Methylpropanol-D	157.636	1.363	1.09	—	—	0.46
55	丁酸己酯Hexyl butanoate	985.169	1.490	0.21	0.58	0.65	0.38
56	苯甲醛Benzaldehyde-M	502.407	1.150	0.79	—	0.21	0.38
57	苯甲醛二聚体Benzaldehyde-D	501.863	1.474	0.34	—	—	0.26
58	丁酸丙酯Propyl bytanoate-M	396.415	1.265	0.37	0.46	0.41	0.30
59	丁酸丙酯二聚体Propyl bytanoate-D	395.304	1.687	0.12	—	—	0.08
60	百里香酚Thymol	912.830	1.262	—	0.46	0.30	—
61	水杨酸甲酯Methyl Salicylate	677.710	1.201	—	0.47	0.51	—
62	乙酸苄酯Benzyl acetate	600.490	1.332	—	0.42	0.74	—
63	2-丁烯酸己酯2-butenoic acid, hexyl ester	537.330	1.416	—	0.66	0.47	—
64	顺-3-壬烯-1-醇(Z)-3-Nonen-1-ol	710.620	1.486	—	1.12	0.87	—
65	（E,Z）-2,6-壬二烯醛(E,Z)-2-6-nonadienal	688.980	1.429	—	0.32	1.23	—
66	2-乙基-3,5-二甲基吡嗪2-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl pyrazine	494.560	1.218	—	0.33	0.46	—
67	（E,E）-2,4-辛二烯醛(E,E)-2,4-octadienal	463.890	1.219	—	0.97	0.49	—
68	β-罗勒烯二聚体beta-ocimene-D	410.220	1.215	—	1.60	2.65	—
69	E-2-辛烯醛(E)-2-octenal-M	410.220	1.250	—	1.78	1.67	—
70	E-2-辛烯醛二聚体(E)-2-octenal-D	410.910	1.326	—	1.05	0.51	—
71	乙酸己酯Hexyl acetate-M	380.240	1.216	—	0.72	1.42	—
72	乙酸己酯二聚体Hexyl acetate-D	371.180	1.389	—	1.46	1.00	—
73	辛醛Octanal	370.480	1.900	—	2.06	0.78	—
74	2-辛酮2-octanone	363.280	1.819	—	1.08	1.17	—
75	月桂烯Myrcene-M	352.330	1.342	—	1.17	0.66	—
76	月桂烯二聚体Myrcene-D	341.380	1.219	—	0.55	1.57	—
77	β-蒎烯二聚体beta-pinene-D	323.370	1.218	—	5.14	4.49	—
78	莰烯Camphene	323.730	1.639	—	0.73	6.21	—
79	α-蒎烯二聚体Alpha-pinene-M	299.230	1.216	—	3.55	2.83	—
80	苯酚Phenol	287.570	1.661	—	0.27	4.25	—
81	（E,E）-2,4-己二烯醛(E,E)-2,4-hexadienal	301.820	1.078	—	0.11	0.25	—
82	3-甲基-1-戊醇3-methylpentanol	228.020	1.652	—	2.35	1.84	—
83	己醛Hexanal	225.710	1.544	—	3.05	0.17	—
84	3-羟基-2-丁酮3-Hydroxy-2-butanone	177.556	1.47933	—	2.28	0.54	—
85	丙酸乙酯Ethyl propanoate	167.367	1.4546	—	0.79	0.90	—
86	2-乙基呋喃2-ethylfuran	163.027	1.35097	—	1.15	4.15	—
87	2-甲基丁醛2-methylbutanal	149.441	1.19907	—	0.93	0.50	—
88	乙酸乙酯Ethyl acetate	124.911	1.22027	—	9.90	2.82	—
89	丙酮2-propanone	117.552	1.19436	—	1.92	1.17	—
90	异丁酸乙酯Ethyl 2-methylpropanoate	185.104	1.5652	—	0.16	0.28	—
91	乙酸异丁酯2-methylpropyl acetate	209.823	1.618	—	0.06	0.13	—
92	乙缩醛Acetal	190.765	1.619	—	0.11	0.16	—
93	二甲基二硫Dimethyl disulfide	180.427	0.964	—	0.04	0.30	—
94	2-甲基丙酸乙酯2-methylpropanoic acid	192.639	1.532	—	0.06	0.35	—
95	2,3-丁二酮2,3-butanedione	194.181	1.156	—	0.21	0.16	—
96	乙酸戊酯Amyl acetate	150.347	1.413	—	0.43	0.42	—
97	丁酸丙酯Propyl butanoate	271.680	1.764	—	0.46	0.41	—
98	壬醛Nonanal	258.943	1.687	—	0.37	0.29	—
99	丙酸己酯Hexyl propanoate	640.450	1.215	—	0.31	0.33	—
100	E-2-戊烯醛(E)-2-pentenal	508.708	1.480	—	1.01	0.73	—
101	E-2-庚烯醛(E)-2-heptenal	338.268	1.179	—	0.16	0.27	—
102	丙酸丁酯Butyl propanoate	512.362	1.376	—	0.22	0.38	—

表1

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图7b

图7c

图7

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