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林业科学 ›› 2015, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (1): 55-65.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20150106

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

黑杨派无性系不同冠层叶片性状变异和生长选择

李金花1, 刘喜荣2, 卢孟柱1, 刘长敏2, 张绮纹1   

  1. 1. 林木遗传育种国家重点实验室 国家林业局林木培育重点实验室 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 北京 100091;
    2. 河北省廊坊市林业局 廊坊 065000
  • 收稿日期:2014-04-01 修回日期:2014-05-23 出版日期:2015-01-25 发布日期:2015-01-23
  • 基金资助:
    中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2012041).

Genetic Variation of Leaf Traits at Different Canopy Positions of Section Aigeiros Clones and Indirect Selection for Growth

Li Jinhua1, Liu Xirong2, Lu Mengzhu1, Liu Changmin2, Zhang Qiwen1   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration Research Institute of Forestry, CAF Beijing 100091;
    2. Forestry Bureau of Langfang City, Hebei Province Langfang 065000
  • Received:2014-04-01 Revised:2014-05-23 Online:2015-01-25 Published:2015-01-23

摘要: [目的]对13个黑杨派无性系3年生人工林上、中、下3个冠层水平上叶片栅栏组织、海绵组织和叶片总厚度等解剖性状,气孔密度和长度等气孔性状以及生长性状的变异及性状间相关性进行分析,并用于对生长性状的间接选择研究,以提高选择效率和缩短育种周期.[方法]选用2根1干、规格一致的苗木营建试验林,完全随机区组试验设计,5株×5行共计25株小区,3次重复区组,株行距3 m×5 m,每个区组选2株平均木,依照树冠自然分枝轮序,由上至下依次分上、中、下层,在各冠层南面方向上各取1个代表性一级分枝,选取其成熟叶片测定叶片性状,并连年测定1~4年生长性状,对性状进行方差分析和相关性分析,以生长性状(3年生和4年生胸径)和3个冠层的叶片性状(共计11个性状)进行主成分分析.[结果]13个黑杨派无性系1~4年生生长性状(胸径、树高和材积)差异极显著,叶片解剖性状、气孔性状亦存在显著变异.不论冠层,多数无性系叶片栅栏组织厚度均大于海绵组织厚度,且各无性系叶片下表面气孔密度均大于上表面气孔密度,叶片下表面与上表面气孔长度相近.大多数无性系的树冠上层叶片栅栏组织、海绵组织厚度和叶片总厚度大于下层,上层叶片上表面气孔密度大于中层和下层.不同冠层上叶片上表面气孔密度与1~4年生胸径之间呈极显著负相关,中层叶片上表面气孔密度与3年生和4年生胸径的相关系数分别为-0.755和-0.736,上层叶片下表面气孔密度与2年生胸径之间呈正相关(r=0.402),但中层和下层叶片下表面气孔密度与1~4年生胸径之间相关关系不显著.树冠中层叶片海绵组织厚度与1年和3年生胸径之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.319,-0.339),但不同冠层叶片栅栏组织厚度、叶片总厚度和上下表面气孔长度与1~4年生胸径之间相关性均不显著.11个性状主成分分析(PCA)结果表明,前3个主成分的累积贡献率分别为82.7%,87.5%和88.3%,以前2个主成分为综合指标,可将13个无性系分为3组,选出生长量大的7个无性系,其叶片上表面气孔密度较小,下表面气孔密度较大,上表面和下表面气孔长度较小,海绵组织厚度较小.[结论]黑杨派无性系之间生长性状和不同冠层叶片解剖结构(栅栏组织和海绵组织厚度)及气孔性状(密度和长度)存在显著变异和相关关系,与生长相关关系显著的不同冠层叶片性状可用于黑杨派无性系生长的间接选择.

关键词: 黑杨派, 叶片解剖性状, 气孔密度, 气孔长度, 生长量, 冠层

Abstract: [Objective]Thirteen clones of the Section Aigeiros were selected from plantation at the age of 3 years to investigate leaf anatomical properties (thickness of palisade and spongy parenchyma layers and total leaf), stomatal properties(density and length of stomata) at 3 canopy positions (upper, middle and lower canopy) and growth traits,in order to analyze the genetic variation and correlation between various leaf traits and growth traits, and to carry out indirect selection on growth traits. [Method]Uniform rooted stocks with 1-year-old stem and 2-year-old roots were planted with a randomized block design, with 3 replications and 25-tree plots (5 rows×5 columns),at a spacing of 3 m × 5 m. Two average trees were selected from each block. According to the top-down order of natural branching, the canopy was divided into 3 layers, i.e. upper, middle and lower canopy. A representative branch was selected from the first-order branches on the south side at each canopy position of each average tree. Leaf traits were examined for a mature leaf on each selected representative branch. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance and relationships by Pearson's correlation coefficient. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was performed with 11 traits, including growth traits (3- and 4-year-old DBH) and leaf traits at the upper, middle and lower canopy positions, separately. [Result]Height and DBH of 1 to 4 years old trees, leaf anatomical traits, stomatal density and length varied significantly among clones and three canopy positions. The palisade parenchyma layer was thicker than the spongy parenchyma layer for most clones and irrespective of canopy position. All clones had a higher stomatal density and similar stomatal length on the abaxial leaf surface than on the adaxial leaf surface. For most clones, leaves in upper canopy had thicker leaf palisade, spongy parenchyma layer and higher stomatal density than these in lower canopy. DBH of 1- to 4-year-old trees were negatively and significantly correlated with abaxial stomatal density at three canopy positions, while correlation coefficient (r) between DBH of 3-year-old and 4-year-old trees with abaxial stomatal density at middle canopy were -0.755 and -0.736. DBH of 2-year-old tree was positively correlated with adaxial stomatal density at higher canopy position (r=0.402), while there was no significant relationship between DBH of 1- to 4-year-old tree and adaxial stomatal density at middle and lower canopy positions. DBH of 1- and 3-year-old tree was positively correlated with spongy parenchyma thickness at middle canopy position (r=-0.319, -0.339). However, there was no significant relationship between DBH of 1- to 4-year-old trees with palisade parenchyma thickness, total leaf thickness and adaxial/abaxial stomatal density at different canopy positions. The first 3 components of PCA (PC1, PC2 and PC3) of 11 traits established for upper, middle and lower canopy positions independently explained 82.7%, 87.5% and 88.3% of the variability. With PC1 and PC2 as the comprehensive factors, the 13 clones were divided into 3 groups, and 7 clones were selected.These clones displayed the highest growth, lower abaxial stomatal density, higher adaxial stomatal density and stomatal length, and smaller spongy parenchyma thickness. [Conclusion]As the variation of growth traits and leaf traits among clones and the relationships between growth traits and leaf traits at different canopy positions were significant, the leaf traits at different canopy positions significantly correlated with growth traits could be used for indirect selection of growth traits of clones of the Section Aigeiros.

Key words: Section Aigeiros, leaf anatomical properties, stomatal density, stomatal length, growth, canopy position

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