‘华仲8号’杜仲种仁油脂积累及脂肪酸变化规律

doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 研究杜仲种仁生长发育规律以及油体动态变化与种仁含油率的相关性，探讨种仁中脂肪酸变化特征以及各脂肪酸间的相互作用关系，为油用杜仲果实的适时采收和高油高质新品种的选育提供理论参考。方法: 以不同发育时期‘华仲8号’杜仲种仁为研究对象，采用尼罗红染色技术与共聚焦激光扫描电镜技术相结合的方法观察种仁内油体；应用气相色谱-质谱技术对种仁油脂中脂肪酸组分和相对含量进行分析。结果: 1）杜仲种仁生长发育过程可划分为快速生长期（5月底—7月初）、缓慢生长期（7月初—8月底）和种仁成熟期（9月初以后）；2）随着种仁发育油体数量逐渐增多，并不断向细胞中央扩散，种仁含油率与含油体率呈正相关关系，其增长速率均表现为“S”形变化趋势；3）种仁发育过程中共检测出9种脂肪酸，主要包括棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸等；随着种仁发育，不饱和脂肪酸含量逐渐增加，并在9月初达到最大值（91.64%），其中亚麻酸含量高达63.25%；相关性分析表明，棕榈酸与硬脂酸和油酸呈极显著正相关关系，亚麻酸与棕榈酸和油酸呈极显著负相关关系。结论: 杜仲种仁生长发育过程呈先快后慢的变化趋势；种仁内含油体率与含油率呈显著正相关关系；种仁油脂中脂肪酸种类丰富，其中对人体有益的不饱和脂肪酸含量优势显著。

关键词: 杜仲种仁, 油脂, 油体, 脂肪酸, 油料植物

Abstract:

Objective: The growth and development patterns of Eucommia ulmoides kernels, and the correlation between the dynamic changes of oil body and the oil content in the kernels were studied. The change patterns of fatty acids in kernels and the interaction between various fatty acids were clarified, so as to provide theoretical reference for timely harvestingE. ulmoides fruits and breeding new varieties with high oil and high quality. Method: The kernels of E. ulmoides'Huazhong No. 8' at different development stage were used as experimental material. Dynamic changes of oil bodies in kernels were observed by Nile red staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy, and the content and composition of fatty acids in E. ulmoides kernels were determined by GC-MS. Result: 1) The growth and development process of E. ulmoides kernels was able to be divided into three periods : rapid growth period (late May to early July), slow growth period (early July to late August) and mature period (after early September). The shape changes of kernels in rapid growth period were the most obvious, and the shape changes of kernels in other two periods were not obvious. 2) With the development of kernels, the number of oil bodies gradually increased and continued to spread to the central cell. The oil content of kernels was positively correlated with oil body content and showed a 'S' shape change trend. 3) A total of 9 fatty acids were detected during kernels development, including palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. The content of unsaturated fatty acids showed a trend of gradual increase with kernels development, and reached the maximum value (91.64%) at the beginning of September, of which the content of linolenic acid was as high as 63.26%. Correlation analysis showed that palmitic acid was positively correlated with stearic acid and oleic acid, and linolenic acid was negatively correlated with palmitic acid and oleic acid. Conclusion: The growth and development rate of E. ulmoides kernels shows a trend of first fast and then slow. There is significant positive correlation between oil body content and oil content in kernels. There are abundant types of fatty acids in kernel oil, among which the content of unsaturated fatty acids that are beneficial to human body has obvious advantages.

Key words: Eucommia ulmoideskernels, oil, oil body, fatty acid, oil plant

中图分类号:

S727.32

钟建,刘辰露,庆军,王琦,刘攀峰,杜庆鑫,杜红岩,杜兰英,王璐. ‘华仲8号’杜仲种仁油脂积累及脂肪酸变化规律[J]. 林业科学, 2023, 59(6): 48-56.

Jian Zhong,Chenlu Liu,Jun Qing,Qi Wang,Panfeng Liu,Qingxin Du,Hongyan Du,Lanying Du,Lu Wang. Change Regularity of Lipid Accumulation and Fatty Acids in the Kernels of Eucommia ulmoides‘Huazhong No.8’[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023, 59(6): 48-56.

图/表 7

图1

表1

图2

表2

图3

表3

杜仲种仁不同发育时期的脂肪酸物质组成①"

时期 Time	棕榈酸 Palmitic acid	硬脂酸 Stearic acid	油酸 Oleic acid	亚油酸 Linoleic acid	亚麻酸 Linolenic acid	花生酸 Arachidic acid	花生-烯酸 Eicosenoic acid	山嵛酸 Docosanoic acid	木焦油酸 Lignoceric acid
05?26	7.81±0.45	3.86±0.52	21.84±1.16	10.23±0.78	53.74±1.32	0.82±0.12	0.42±0.11	0.41±0.07	0.19±0.05
06?02	7.65±0.52	3.78±0.73	21.69±1.13	10.42±1.56	54.62±0.93	0.73±0.08	0.36±0.13	0.42±0.04	0.21±0.12
06?09	7.35±0.63	3.64±0.50	21.42±0.96	10.63±0.78	55.48±1.89	0.68±0.07	0.31±0.12	0.39±0.03	0.18±0.04
06?16	7.18±0.76	3.47±1.06	20.81±1.44	10.97±1.11	56.82±1.06	0.62±0.06	0.29±0.03	0.41±0.06	0.20±0.12
06?23	6.91±0.27	3.32±1.38	20.65±1.11	10.82±2.69	57.43±1.59	0.55±0.1	0.28±0.04	0.37±0.08	0.17±0.15
06?30	6.74±1.04	3.31±0.35	20.24±1.15	11.21±2.19	57.71±1.43	0.57±0.16	0.28±0.02	0.41±0.05	0.21±0.03
07?07	6.61±0.64	3.25±0.37	19.63±0.92	11.45±0.64	57.82±2.02	0.56±0.15	0.27±0.08	0.42±0.06	0.20±0.10
07?14	6.52±0.73	2.94±0.22	18.65±0.64	12.16±0.77	58.44±0.68	0.54±0.09	0.26±0.09	0.42±0.03	0.21±0.06
07?21	6.32±1.05	2.76±0.73	17.31±1.3	11.63±1.86	61.26±3.59	0.53±0.13	0.26±0.12	0.43±0.08	0.20±0.10
07?28	6.21±0.31	2.79±0.29	17.13±0.8	11.83±1.74	61.22±4.45	0.49±0.12	0.26±0.04	0.37±0.10	0.18±0.03
08?04	6.23±0.84	2.74±0.38	18.26±0.93	12.26±1.21	60.43±2.38	0.48±0.06	0.26±0.09	0.37±0.09	0.18±0.09
08?11	6.08±0.63	2.59±0.81	17.21±0.31	11.93±1.65	61.97±1.22	0.48±0.01	0.26±0.07	0.35±0.16	0.17±0.13
08?18	5.92±0.78	2.58±1.19	17.25±0.89	11.62±0.89	61.66±4.01	0.44±0.03	0.24±0.10	0.33±0.15	0.16±0.07
08?25	5.94±0.17	2.52±0.49	16.91±0.2	11.72±0.78	62.81±6.17	0.43±0.09	0.24±0.18	0.32±0.05	0.15±0.05
09?01	5.94±0.62	2.54±0.06	16.94±0.99	11.56±0.94	63.26±1.92	0.43±0.04	0.24±0.02	0.33±0.12	0.16±0.07
09?08	6.13±1.03	2.42±0.79	17.42±1.85	11.36±1.07	62.37±2.92	0.42±0.03	0.26±0.06	0.33±0.13	0.16±0.05
09?15	5.83±0.21	2.43±0.16	16.86±0.6	11.13±1.18	62.62±0.88	0.44±0.06	0.26±0.07	0.35±0.05	0.15±0.07
09?27	5.82±0.35	2.44±0.67	17.11±2.07	11.21±0.47	62.72±1.97	0.42±0.02	0.26±0.10	0.31±0.17	0.15±0.05
10?11	5.96±1.40	2.28±0.52	17.34±0.87	11.64±1.35	62.64±0.45	0.43±0.10	0.26±0.07	0.33±0.07	0.15±0.11

表3

表4

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时期 Date	种子长度 Length of seeds/cm	种子宽度 Width of seeds/cm	种子厚度 Thickness of seeds/cm	含水率 Water content（%）
05?26	0.686±0.02j	0.174±0.03i	0.098±0.06m	78.54±1.63a
06?02	0.754±0.04i	0.229±0.05h	0.102±0.03l	76.23±2.52b
06?09	0.883±0.02h	0.237±0.04g	0.113±0.01k	74.50±0.78c
06?16	0.967±0.03j	0.304±0.03f	0.126±0.02j	71.63±1.12d
06?23	1.102±0.06f	0.314±0.04e	0.138±0.01i	69.53±0.98e
06?30	1.296±0.08e	0.318±0.06d	0.146±0.04h	67.47±0.78f
07?07	1.349±0.12d	0.321±0.02c	0.157±0.03g	65.20±1.14g
07?14	1.424±0.09c	0.322±0.05c	0.165±0.06e	62.63±0.83h
07?21	1.427±0.11b	0.323±0.01c	0.168±0.03d	58.60±0.93i
07?28	1.429±0.13b	0.324±0.03ad	0.172±0.04f	56.40±1.21j
08?04	1.432±0.08a	0.323±0.05a	0.173±0.08f	52.43±0.83k
08?11	1.433±0.07ab	0.325±0.08a	0.172±0.03f	48.60±1.15l
08?18	1.432±0.12a	0.323±0.04a	0.175±0.05c	45.30±0.94m
08?25	1.432±0.11a	0.324±0.12ad	0.176±0.08c	44.53±1.23
09?01	1.434±0.21a	0.325±0.06a	0.178±0.09b	44.30±1.21m
09?08	1.434±0.16a	0.326±0.08ab	0.175±0.02b	43.57±0.93n
09-15	1.435±0.14ab	0.324±0.11ab	0.179±0.08b	42.47±0.84n
09?27	1.438±0.06a	0.325±0.04a	0.181±0.04a	42.53±0.74n
10?11	1.436±0.12ab	0.326±0.09a	0.182±0.06a	42.47±1.13n

时期 Date	油体直径 Average diameter of oil body/μm	含油率 Oil content（%）	含油体率 Oil body content（%）
05-26	4.18±0.63	13.8±0.84	19.67±1.18
06-02	5.32±0.78	14.7±1.14	20.32±1.27
06-09	5.53±0.49	16.4±1.08	21.87±2.13
06-16	6.27±0.27	18.8±1.22	24.33±1.82
06-23	5.59±1.32	21.5±1.52	29.87±2.63
06-30	6.33±0.78	23.4±0.80	35.34±3.27
07-07	7.72±0.23	25.2±2.10	43.29±4.24
07-14	6.01±1.21	27.4±0.94	49.64±3.26
07-21	5.61±0.88	27.7±2.14	55.63±3.62
07-28	7.22±1.51	28.2±1.50	59.74±2.56
08-04	6.62±1.25	28.5±1.02	62.26±1.86
08-11	7.12±1.05	29.9±2.23	64.78±3.73
08-18	6.02±1.62	31.2±0.65	66.62±3.28
08-25	7.64±1.54	31.8±3.24	67.67±4.84
09-01	6.26±1.12	32.6±2.42	68.17±3.13
09-08	7.72±0.78	32.9±2.78	66.27±4.16
09-15	6.73±1.63	33.3±2.60	65.78±4.72
09-27	8.36±1.38	33.1±2.26	65.85±3.97
10-11	7.23±1.82	32.8±3.59	65.62±4.61

脂肪酸组分 Fatty acids composition	棕榈酸 Palmitic acid	硬脂酸 Stearic acid	亚油酸 Linoleic acid	油酸 Oleic acid	亚麻酸 Linolenic acid	花生酸 Arachidic acid	不饱和脂肪酸 Unsaturated fatty acids	饱和脂肪酸 Saturated fattyacids
棕榈酸 Palmitic acid	1
硬脂酸 Stearic acid	0.954^**	1
亚油酸 Linoleic acid	?0.203	?0.222	1
油酸 Oleic acid	0.940^**	0.927^**	?0.352	1
亚麻酸 Linolenic acid	?0.959^**	?0.934^**	0.169	?0.951^**	1
花生酸 Arachidic acid	0.952^**	0.944^**	?0.051	0.856^**	?0.933^**	1
不饱和脂肪酸 Unsaturated fatty acids	?0.876^**	?0.845^**	0.286	?0.835^**	0.935^**	?0.872^**	1
饱和脂肪酸 Saturated Fattyacids	0.989^**	0.987^**	?0.203	0.940^**	?0.959^**	0.965^**	?0.874^**	1

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