林业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (9): 157-164.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220916
• 综合评述 • 上一篇
汤志颖1,高俊宏2,曾赞青2,王淼淼2,漆良华1,*
收稿日期:
2022-03-26
出版日期:
2022-09-25
发布日期:
2023-01-18
通讯作者:
漆良华
基金资助:
Zhiying Tang1,Junhong Gao2,Zanqing Zeng2,Miaomiao Wang2,Lianghua Qi1,*
Received:
2022-03-26
Online:
2022-09-25
Published:
2023-01-18
Contact:
Lianghua Qi
摘要:
根据竹类植物独特的生物学特性与解剖构造,选择适宜的茎秆液流测定方法,揭示茎秆液流的动态变化和影响因素,有利于深入阐明其生理生态过程与机制,为竹林水分养分精准管理、高效利用及生态经营提供科学依据。竹类植物茎秆液流的测量方法起源于木本植物,包括热脉冲法、热消散探针法和茎热平衡法。其中,热脉冲法不受地形等环境条件的限制,但在低蒸腾状态下液流测定结果具有不确定性;热消散探针法成本相对较低,但传感器易因液流密度分布不均形成的径向梯度而引起测度误差,需要进行验证和校准;茎热平衡法无需探针钻孔,仪器包裹竹秆后可实时获取数据,但需满足流动条件稳定和温度恒定的基本假设条件。通常将3种测定方法结合应用并相互验证,从而获取较可靠的液流测定结果。竹类植物的茎秆液流具有相对普遍的规律,日变化、夜间动态和季节尺度上均表现为相似的“峰”状曲线特征。竹类植物日间液流于清晨启动,随后不断增加,至午后达到峰值,然后持续减少,入夜后达最低值;晴朗天气液流变化总体呈现“单峰”状曲线,阴雨天气呈现“多峰”状态。夜间液流总体保持低流量特征,在不同季节和环境条件下都显著低于日间液流,且变化幅度很小。季节尺度上液流量春季最低,夏末初秋最高,由冬季到夏季,液流开始上升和峰值达到的时刻均逐渐提前,由夏季到冬季则反之。不同生长阶段竹类植物液流特征也存在差异。竹类植物液流变化的影响因素包括不同于木本植物的生理解剖结构以及环境因子。其中,竹类植物中空的茎秆和地下鞭根系统是影响液流的生物学基础。环境因素通过影响蒸腾和植物根压而对液流产生影响,气温、饱和水汽压差和太阳辐射与茎秆液流的变化均具有很强的相关性。热扩散法探针的长度、测量的具体部位等测量方法差异也会导致不同测量结果。对未来竹类植物茎秆液流的测定和研究提出展望:理论上需探究其作用机理与影响机制,构建统计与验证模型;技术上应整合改进现有测定方法,研发适宜的测定方法与技术,提高测定精度;在应用上,应结合区域、气候、地形条件及竹种等差异设置参数,形成具有普遍性的测定模式。
中图分类号:
汤志颖,高俊宏,曾赞青,王淼淼,漆良华. 竹类植物茎秆液流研究:方法、特征及影响因素[J]. 林业科学, 2022, 58(9): 157-164.
Zhiying Tang,Junhong Gao,Zanqing Zeng,Miaomiao Wang,Lianghua Qi. Stem Fluid Flow of Bamboo Plants: Methods, Characteristics, and Influencing Factors[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2022, 58(9): 157-164.
表1
竹类植物茎秆液流测定方法比较"
热脉冲法 Heat pulse | 热消散探针法 Thermal dissipation probe, TDP | 茎热平衡法 Stem heat balance, SHB | |
原理 Principle | 对径向插入树干边材的线性热源施加短时热脉冲,测量加热前后热源周围温度变化来获取树干液流A short time heat pulse was applied to a linear heat source inserted radially into the sapwood, and the SAP flow was obtained by measuring the temperature change around the heat source before and after heating ( | 将上下2个探针径向插入树干,其中上方探针持续通入电流加热,下方探针作为对照探针不加热,通过探针的温差推导出液流速度The two probes were inserted into the trunk in a radial direction, with the upper probe continuously heated by current and the lower probe as the control probe not heated. The liquid flow velocity was deduced from the temperature difference between the two probes ( | 使用一个加热器包裹茎,并使用温度传感器来测量电通量,通过计算植物液流带走的能量确定液流速度A heater is used to wrap the stem and a temperature sensor is used to measure the electrical flux and determine the flow rate by calculating the energy carried away by the plant flow( |
优点 Advantages | 不受地形等环境条件限制。It is not limited by terrain and other environmental conditions. | 成本相对较低,且传感器的建造和安装相对容易。The cost is relatively low and the sensors are relatively easy to build and install. | 非侵入、无损伤、无需校准,并且能实时获取植物耗水量。Non-invasive, non-invasive, no calibration required, and real-time access to plant water consumption. |
缺点 Disadvantages | 更适合较大的木质茎,且在低蒸腾状态下液流具有不确定性It is more suitable for larger woody stems, and the fluid flow is characterized by uncertainty under low transpiration( | 由于液流密度形成径向梯度,容易引起TDP传感器的测度误差The measurement error of TDP sensor is easily caused by the radial gradient of liquid flow density | 需满足流动条件稳定和温度均匀分布的基本假设条件It is necessary to satisfy the basic assumptions of stable flow conditions and uniform temperature distribution( |
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