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林业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (6): 128-140.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20220613

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竹片粗铣连续化定向进料系统设计与试验

蒋鹏飞1,2,3,张彬4,周建波1,2,3,*,傅万四4,孙晓东5,胡喜雷4   

  1. 1. 国家林业和草原局哈尔滨林业机械研究所 哈尔滨 150086
    2. 国家林业和草原局林业机电工程重点实验室 哈尔滨 150086
    3. 国家林业和草原局林业装备工程技术研究中心 哈尔滨 150086
    4. 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所 北京 100091
    5. 湖南省林业科学院 长沙 410004
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-28 出版日期:2022-06-25 发布日期:2022-09-24
  • 通讯作者: 周建波
  • 基金资助:
    中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金杰出青年人才项目(CAFYBB2021QC004)

Design and Experiment of Continuous Directional Feeding System for Bamboo Slice Milling

Pengfei Jiang1,2,3,Bin Zhang4,Jianbo Zhou1,2,3,*,Wansi Fu4,Xiaodong Sun5,Xilei Hu4   

  1. 1. Harbin Forestry Machinery Research Institute, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Harbin 150086
    2. Key Laboratory of Forestry Electromechanical Engineering, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Harbin 150086
    3. Forestry Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Harbin 150086
    4. Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091
    5. Hunan Academy of Forestry Changsha 410004
  • Received:2021-05-28 Online:2022-06-25 Published:2022-09-24
  • Contact: Jianbo Zhou

摘要:

目的: 针对竹片粗铣前分选定向作业效率低、分选效果差、人工依赖程度高等问题, 设计一种竹片粗铣连续化定向进料系统, 以实现竹片分选定向的机械化、自动化和连续化。方法: 以破竹去竹节后的竹片为研究对象, 提出竹片粗铣连续化定向进料系统技术方案, 设计倾斜式振动升运链、阶梯式分离系统、竹青黄面识别和翻转系统及自动送料系统等机械结构。分析竹片振动分选过程、抛送过程的运动特征, 建立振动分选过程竹片运动轨迹数学模型、描绘竹片抛物运动轨迹, 确定竹片分选定向过程的主要影响因素。选取升运链转速、倾斜角和竹片长度为考察因素, 运用三因素五水平二次回归正交旋转组合设计优化试验, 以竹片分离率和竹青黄面识别率为评价指标, 在福建建瓯中试基地对设备进行测试。结果: 单因素试验结果表明, 升运链转速从1.5 m·s-1升至2.7 m·s-1, 竹片分离率呈先上升后下降趋势; 升运链倾斜角由25°增至45°, 竹片分离率显著提升; 随着竹片长度增加, 竹片分离率呈先上升后下降趋势, 但相比升运链转速和倾斜角对竹片黏连分离的影响较小。竹青黄面识别率主要受升运链转速影响, 升运链转速较慢, 识别系统能够获得更清晰的竹青黄面图像, 竹青黄面识别率较高。二次回归正交旋转组合试验结果表明, 三因素对竹片分选效果的影响顺序为升运链倾斜角>升运链转速>竹片长度。升运链转速1.6~2.0 m·s-1、升运链倾斜角35°~42°、竹片长度1 750~1 850 mm, 竹片分离输送效果最好, 分离率达96.5%~96.8%。结论: 1) 基于振动和阶梯分离方式设计的竹片粗铣连续化定向进料系统, 可实现对破竹后成堆竹片的黏连分离、有序定向进料、竹青黄面智能识别定向和粗铣自动进料, 为竹片粗铣连续化定向进料系统研发提供一种思路; 2) 在竹片粗铣连续化定向进料系统应用试验中, 升运链转速1.6~2.0 m·s-1、升运链倾斜角35°~42°、竹片长度1 750~1 850 mm, 竹片分离输送效果最好, 分离率达96.5%~96.8%; 实际生产中, 可选定升运链转速2.0 m·s-1, 升运链倾斜角40°, 在上述参数水平下, 对长度1 800 mm竹片的分离效果最佳, 分离率达96.7%, 竹青黄面识别率达97.6%, 竹片分选及竹青黄面识别效果较好, 满足现场应用需求。

关键词: 竹片分选, 运动特征分析, 二次回归正交旋转组合, 优化试验

Abstract:

Objective: Aiming at the problems of low efficiency of directional sorting before rough milling, poor sorting effect and high degree of manual dependence, we designed and developed a continuous directional feeding system for rough milling of bamboo slices to realize the mechanization, automation and continuity. Method: Taking the bamboo slices after breaking the bamboo and removing the bamboo joints as the research objects, the technical scheme of the continuous directional feeding system for rough milling of the bamboo slices was proposed, the inclined vibration lifting chain, step separation system, recognition and turnover system of bamboo green and yellow surface and mechanical structure such as automatic feeding system were designed. By analyzing the movement characteristics of the bamboo slices in the vibration sorting process and the throwing process, the mathematical model of the bamboo slice movement trajectory in the vibration sorting process was established, the trajectory of the bamboo slice parabolic movement was described, and the main influencing factors of the bamboo slice selection process were determined. Selecting the lift chain speed, the inclination angle and the length of the bamboo slices as the inspection factors, the optimization experiment of the three-factor five-level quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination was designed. The equipment, using the bamboo slice sorting rate and the bamboo green and yellow surface recognition rate as the evaluation index, was tested and set up at the Jian'ou Pilot Test Base in Fujian. Result: The single factor test showed that the bamboo slice sorting rate increased first and then decreased with the increasing speed of the lifting chain. When the speed of the lifting chain increased from 1.5 m·s-1 to 2.7 m·s-1, the separation rate of bamboo slices showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The inclination angle of the lifting chain increased from 25° to 45°, and the separation rate of bamboo slices improved significantly. As the length of bamboo slices increased, the rate of separation of bamboo slices increased first and then decreased. However, compared with the influences of the speed of the lifting chain and the inclination angle of the lifting chain on the adhesion and separation rate, the length of the bamboo slice had a smaller influence on the adhesion and separation of the bamboo slice. The recognition rate of the bamboo green and yellow surface was mainly affected by the speed of the lifting chain. When the speed of the lifting chain was slow, the recognition system could obtain a clearer image of the bamboo green and yellow surface, and the recognition rate of the bamboo green and yellow surface was higher. The quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination test showed that the order of the three test factors on the bamboo slices sorting effect was: ascending chain inclination angle > lifting chain speed > bamboo length. The speed range of the lifting chain was 1.6-2.0 m·s-1, the inclination angle of the lifting chain was 35°-42°, and the length of the bamboo slice was 1 750-1 850 mm, the bamboo slice separation and conveying effect was the best, and the bamboo slice separation rate reached 96.5%-96.8%. Conclusion: 1) Based on the analysis of the actual operation situation of bamboo slices sorting, a continuous directional feeding system for rough milling of bamboo slices based on vibration and step separation design was designed. 2) In the application test of the continuous directional feeding system for rough milling of bamboo slices, the rotating speed of the elevator chain was 1.6-2.0 m·s-1, the inclination angle of the elevator chain was 35°-42°, the length of bamboo slices was 1 750-1 850 mm, the sheet separation and conveying effect was the best, and the separation rate was 96.5%~96.8%. In actual production, the rotating speed and the inclination angle of the elevator chain could be selected to be 2.0 m·s-1 and 40°, respectively. Under the conditions with the above parameters, the separation effect of bamboo slices with a length of 1 800 mm was the best, and the separation rate reached 96.7%, the recognition rate of bamboo green and yellow surface was 97.6%. At this time, the separation of bamboo slices and the identification of green and yellow surfaces of bamboo were better, which could meet the needs of on-site applications.

Key words: separation of bamboo slices, motion characteristic analysis, quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination, optimization test

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