欢迎访问林业科学,今天是

林业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (9): 13-20.doi: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20210902

• 论文与研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

由巨桉人工林转型的13年生青冈栎天然林特征

王金池1,2,黄清麟1,2,*,严铭海1,2,黄如楚3,郑群瑞4   

  1. 1. 中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所 北京 100091
    2. 国家林业和草原局森林经营与生长模拟重点实验室 北京 100091
    3. 永安市林业局 永安 366000
    4. 建瓯万木林省级自然保护区管理处 建瓯 353105
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-20 出版日期:2021-09-25 发布日期:2021-11-29
  • 通讯作者: 黄清麟
  • 基金资助:
    中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金重点项目"中亚热带人工林转天然阔叶林的关键技术研究"(CAFYBB2017ZC002)

Characteristics of 13-Year-Old Cyclobalanopsis glauca Natural Forest Converted from Eucalyptus grandis Plantation

Jinchi Wang1,2,Qinglin Huang1,2,*,Minghai Yan1,2,Ruchu Huang3,Qunrui Zheng4   

  1. 1. Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, CAF Beijing 100091
    2. Key Laboratory of Forest Management and Growth Modelling, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing 100091
    3. Yong'an Forestry Bureau of Fujian Province Yong'an 366000
    4. Administrative Office of Jian'ou Wanmulin Nature Reserve Jian'ou 353105
  • Received:2020-08-20 Online:2021-09-25 Published:2021-11-29
  • Contact: Qinglin Huang

摘要:

目的: 分析由巨桉人工林转型的13年生青冈栎天然林特征,为探究中亚热带人工林成功转型为天然阔叶林的基本条件、人工林的植被控制、天然阔叶林的保护和乡土阔叶树的发展提供科学依据。方法: 在福建省永安市由巨桉人工林转型的青冈栎天然林内设置3块20 m×20 m样地,每块样地分割成4个10 m×10 m样方,对样方乔木层林木进行每木调查,并在每块样地内选择1个有代表性的样方进行灌木层调查,同时在每块样地中心各设置1个4 m×4 m的小样方进行草本植物调查。选用物种重要值、常用生物多样性指标和主要测树因子分析乔木层、灌木层的树种组成和多样性以及林分结构和生长状况等林分特征。结果: 由巨桉人工林转型的13年生青冈栎天然林的平均胸径、平均树高、密度和蓄积量分别为6.2 cm、9.5 m、6 308株·hm-2和94.43 m3·hm-2,林木高径比为41~380,平均高径比为155;直径和树高结构均表现出异龄林特征;林分内36.99%的林木为萌生林木,萌生林木中青冈栎最多,分别占萌生林木总株数和青冈栎总株数的57.86%和66.12%;巨桉以枯立木或枯倒木形式存在,枯立木密度为966株·hm-2;乔木层有45个树种,Shannon-Wiener指数、均匀度和生态优势度分别为3.74、0.68和0.14;乔木层内乔木和灌木树种分别有34和11种,重要值分别为88.65%和11.35%;常绿和落叶树种分别有30和15种,重要值分别为67.38%和32.62%;常绿阔叶乔木的株数、树种数和重要值均明显高于落叶阔叶乔木,常绿阔叶乔木是乔木层的主体;青冈栎是乔木层的优势种,其相对多度(32.36%)、相对频度(7.69%)、相对优势度(16.75%)和重要值(18.94%)均为层内最高;灌木层有27个树种,Shannon-Wiener指数、均匀度和生态优势度分别为3.69、0.78和0.13;乔木和灌木树种分别有15和12种,但灌木树种的株数占比(69.85%)和重要值(60.87%)均明显高于乔木树种(株数占比和重要值分别为30.15%和39.13%);常绿树种的株数、树种数和重要值均远高于落叶树种,灌木层的主体是常绿阔叶灌木,茶是灌木层的优势种;13年生青冈栎天然林特征与相近年龄的青冈栎天然林无本质区别,属典型的幼林阶段中亚热带天然阔叶林;林分乔木层和灌木层内均有不少珍贵或高价值用材树种。结论: 巨桉人工林已经成功转型为郁闭度高、株数密度大、林木高径比高、树种多样性丰富、异龄林特征明显的13年生青冈栎天然林,该林分与相近年龄的青冈栎天然林特征无本质区别,属典型的幼林阶段中亚热带天然阔叶林,是中亚热带人工林成功转型天然阔叶林的典型案例。

关键词: 巨桉人工林, 转型, 青冈栎天然林, 林分特征, 天然更新

Abstract:

Objective: The stand characteristics of 13-year-old Cyclobalanopsis glauca natural forest which was converted from Eucalyptus grandis plantations were reported, aiming to provide scientific basis for revealing the basic conditions for the conversion of plantations into natural broad-leaved forests in central-subtropical zone, the vegetation control of plantation, the protection of natural broad-leaved forest and the development of native hardwood trees. Method: 3 sample plots in size of 20 m×20 m were set in the C. glauca natural forest which was converted from E. grandis plantations in Yong'an, Fujian Province, and each plot was divided into 4 quadrats of 10 m×10 m. The arbor layer of each quadrat was investigated and one representative quadrat in each plot was selected for shrub layer investigation. At the same time, a small quadrat of 4 m×4 m was set in the center of each plot for the investigation of the herb layer. The stand characteristics such as tree species composition, diversity of the arbor layer and shrub layer, the structure and growth of the stand were analyzed by using importance values, commonly used diversity indices and main stand description factors. Result: The mean DBH, mean height, density, and volume of the 13-year-old C. glauca natural forest were 6.2 cm, 9.5 m, 6 308 stems·hm-2, and 94.43 m3·hm-2, respectively. The ratio of height to diameter was between 41 and 380, and the average was 155. Both the diameter and tree height structure showed the characteristics of uneven-aged forest. 36.99% of the trees in the stand were from sprouts, among which the largest number of trees was C. glauca, accounting for 57.86% and 66.12% of the total number of trees from sprouts and the total number of C. glauca trees in the stand, respectively. E. grandis was in the form of dead standing tree or dead fallen tree, and the density of dead standing tree was 966 stems·hm-2. There were 45 species in the arbor layer, and the Shannon-Wiener index, evenness index and dominance index were 3.74, 0.68, and 0.14 respectively. The number of arbor and shrub species in the arbor layer were 34 and 11, and the importance values were 88.65% and 11.35%, respectively. There were 30 evergreen and 15 deciduous tree species in the arbor layer, with the importance values were 67.38% and 32.62%; the number of trees, tree species, and the importance value of broad-leaved evergreen were obviously more than that of deciduous broadleaf trees. Broad-leaved evergreen was the main part of the arbor layer and C. glauca was the dominant species with its relative abundance (32.36%), relative frequency (7.69%), relative dominance (16.75%) and importance value (18.94%) being the largest in the arbor layer. There were 27 tree species in the shrub layer. The Shannon-Wiener index, evenness index and dominance index were 3.69, 0.78, and 0.13, respectively. The tree species of arbor and shrub species were 15 and 12, respectively, but the proportion (69.85%) and importance value (60.87%) of shrub species were higher than that of arbor species (the percentage and importance value were 30.15% and 39.13%, respectively). The number of trees, tree species, and the importance value of evergreen tree species were much higher than deciduous tree species. The majority of shrub layer was evergreen shrub and Camellia sinensis was the dominant species in the layer. Compared with the natural C. glauca forests of similar age, there were no differences in characteristics of the 13-year-old C. glauca natural forest, appearing to be a typical subtropical natural broad-leaved forest at young age. In both arbor and shrub layer, there were many precious or high value timber tree species. Conclusion: The E. grandis plantation has been successfully converted into a 13-year-old C. glauca natural forest that has a high crown density, high density of trees, high height-diameter ratio, rich tree species diversity and distinct characteristics of uneven-aged stands. There was no essential difference between the stand characteristics of this 13-year-old C. glauca natural forest with those natural C. glauca forests at similar age. It was a typical subtropical natural broad-leaved forest in the young period and a typical case of successful conversion of the subtropical plantation into a natural broad-leaved forest.

Key words: Eucalyptus grandis plantation, conversion, Cyclobalanopsis glauca natural forest, stand characteristics, natural regeneration

中图分类号: